Corruption

CORRUPTION
Corruption is dishonest behavior by those in positions of power. Those

who abuse their power may be individuals or they may belong to
organizations, such as businesses or governments. Corruption can entail
a variety of actions, including giving or accepting bribes or inappropriate
gifts, double-dealing, and defrauding investors. Corrupt behavior is often
the result of government intervention in the economy but it can be
prevented with certain checks and balances.
Types of Corruption
The catalogue of corruption acts is vast and includes extortion, bribery,
fraud, influence peddling, nepotism, embezzlement and favoritism.
Generally speaking, there exist two major forms of corruption: Petit and
Grand corruption.
Petit corruption is the form in which relatively smaller amounts of

money are involved or whose impact holds lesser effects on the
country. This form of corruption is often ignored but its effects are even
more damaging than those of Grand corruption if summed up. Petit
corruption includes such acts as paying undue fees to see a medical
doctor, to get a seat in a public school, to go through a check point,
obtain professional promotion or a transfer from one locality to
another or for a judge to reverse a court judgment.
Grand corruption on the other hand involves more outrageous sums of

money and its impact on the country is very huge and long-lasting. For
example, government officials who embezzle money meant for the
realization of public projects or the increase of the salaries of law
makers to legislate in the interest to an individual or a group of
individuals, conspiracy with impact assessment officials to award non-
environmental friendly projects to extractive industries, the award of
public contracts to unqualified tenders, the reception of poorly
constructed public projects etc.
Major causes of corruption

 Lack of Accountability
 Low Salaries
 Monopoly of Power
 Discretionary Powers
 Lack of Transparency
 Power of influential People
Effects of Corruption
The effect of corruption has many dimensions relates to Political,
Economic, Social and Environment effects
 Effects on Health Sectors
 Effects on Education
 Effects on Business Sectors
 Effects on relation with Foreign Countries
 Effects on Politics
 Effects on public and Government Institutions
 Effects on Economy of the Country
 Effects on society
 Effects on Humanitarian Causes
Corruption Prevention
Corruption can increase criminal activity and organized crime in the
community when left unchecked. But there are a number of steps that
can help to manage it. The following is a list of possible steps that can
be taken to prevent corruption.
Education: A strong educational focus must reinforce best business

practices and alert managers and employees where to look for
corruption. This can be achieved by introducing mandatory education
such as anti-money laundering (AML) courses. Senior executives and
managers must set a strong culture of honesty and integrity by leading
by example.
Environment: A robust control environment reduces the risk of

corruption as do thorough background checks before hiring or promoting
employees.
Accountability: When there are mechanisms in place, there's a

likelihood of reinforcing a culture that fosters strong ethical behavior
while holding those to account who violate the norms.
Regulation: Setting up codes of conduct and ethics can help avoid

situations that can create conflicts of interest. This is common in areas
like the financial industry, where chartered financial analysts and other
financial professionals must adhere to these rules or be penalized.
Reporting: Corruption can further be reduced by making it easy to

report, whether by managers, employees, suppliers, and customers. It's
also important to ensure that those reporting are able to do so safely and
securely.
There must also be clear penalties in place to dissuade people and

organizations from engaging in corrupt behavior. This can include
financial penalties and even legal action—prosecution and perhaps jail
time.
Corruption is Haram in Islam
Corruption is forbidden (Haram) by Islamic teachings and there are
several narrations (Hadiths) of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) that
prohibit it. Indeed, it was narrated by 'Abdullah bin' Amr that the
Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: “May the Curse of Allah be upon the
briber and the bribe recipient”.
Most corrupt country in the world in

2024
Somalia, ranked as the most corrupt country in the world for a number
of recent years, has undergone a shift between 2019 (CPI score of 9) and
2021 (CPI 13), finally regaining the top spot for corruption in 2022 (CPI
12).
Corruption in Pakistan
In the 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index, Pakistan received a score of
29, where the highest-scoring country worldwide received a score of 90,
the lowest-scoring country 11 and the average score was 43.
Ratio of Corruption in Pakistan
Pakistan is the 133 least corrupt nation out of 180 countries, according to
the 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency
International. Corruption Rank in Pakistan averaged 113.04 from 1995
until 2023, reaching an all time high of 144.00 in 2005 and a record low
of 39.00 in 1995.
Example of Corruption
Corruption may involve many activities which include bribery, influence
peddling and embezzlement and it may also involve practices which are
legal in many countries. Political corruption occurs when an office-
holder or other governmental employee acts with an official capacity for
personal gain.
RECOMMENDATION
Controlling Corruption
Controlling corruption involves crucial to create and enforce strict laws
and regulations that punish corrupt activities. Transparency is also
essential; governments and organizations should be open about their
processes and finances so that corruption can be spotted and addressed.
Educating the public and officials about the harms of corruption and
encouraging ethical behavior can help build a culture of integrity. setting
up independent bodies to investigate and prosecute corruption can
ensure that wrongdoers are held accountable inallty using technology to
monitor transactions and maintain records can reduce opportunities for
corruption by making it harder for illegal activities to go unnoticed.

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CORRUPTION

Corruption is dishonest behavior by those in positions of power. Those

Petit corruption is the form in which relatively smaller amounts of

Grand corruption on the other hand involves more outrageous sums of

Major causes of corruption

Education: A strong educational focus must reinforce best business

Environment: A robust control environment reduces the risk of

Accountability: When there are mechanisms in place, there's a

Regulation: Setting up codes of conduct and ethics can help avoid

Reporting: Corruption can further be reduced by making it easy to

There must also be clear penalties in place to dissuade people and

Most corrupt country in the world in

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