NAME : AROGUNJO OLUWAFEYISAYO OLUWAFUNSHO

MATRIC NUMBER:230907530
COURSE TITLE : DYNAMIC OF SOCIAL FUNCTIONING
COURSE CODE : SOW 223

ASSIGNMENT 1 : DEMONSTRATE YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF IMPLICATIONS OF

ATTACHMENT ON AN INDIVIDUAL SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT.
An individual’s total well-being depends critically on how well they are able to attach and adjust
to social situations. The strong emotional connection that forms between a person and their
primary caregivers is known as attachment, and it has a lasting impact on the person’s capacity to
establish and sustain relationships. Conversely, social adjustment refers to the capacity to
successfully manage a variety of responsibilities and relationships, including those with family,
friends, and coworkers.

According to research, attachment types can have a major impact on an individual’s social
adjustment. For example, one study discovered that those with avoidant attachment styles have
lower social adjustment, which increases their risk of depression and suicide ideation. Another
study found that secure attachment patterns are positively connected with social adjustment,
implying that people with secure attachments have superior social skills and connections.
Disorganized Attachments:: These children exhibit unclear attachment behavior. Their actions
and responses can be unpredictable and erratic, which is commonly caused by traumatic or
stressful caregiving circumstances. People who have disorganized attachment styles frequently
struggle with social and emotional functioning. They may display erratic behavior, struggle with
stress management, and are more likely to suffer from mental health problems such as
depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. This has a significant impact on their ability to
develop solid connections and adjust socially. Implications for Later Life Childhood Attachment
types established in infancy lay the framework for how children connect with peers and adults.
Securely linked children are more likely to participate in cooperative play, demonstrate empathy,
and skillfully handle social barriers.

These findings have a substantial impact on mental health interventions. For example, addressing
avoidant attachment styles in therapy can help in social adjustment and lower the likelihood of
depression and suicidal conduct. Furthermore, encouraging secure attachment types in early
childhood through positive parenting techniques can create the groundwork for improved social
adjustment and overall well-being in adulthood. These findings have a substantial impact on
mental health interventions. For example, addressing avoidant attachment styles in therapy may
aid in social adjustment and lower the likelihood of depression and suicidal conduct.
Furthermore, encouraging secure attachment types in early childhood through positive parenting
techniques can create the groundwork for improved social adjustment and overall well-being in
adulthood.

ASSIGNMENT 2 : EXPLAIN THE EFFECTS OF LABELING ON AN INDIVIDUAL

BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONING.
LABELING THEORY
According to labeling theory, the terminology used to define or classify individuals can either
decide or influence their self-identity and behavior. It is linked to the concepts of self-fulfilling
prophecy and stereotype. According to labeling theory, the terminology used to define or classify
individuals can either decide or influence their self-identity and behavior. It is linked to the
concepts of self-fulfilling prophecy and stereotype.
The labeling theory notes that people are made to act In a negative way because of the A person’s
socioeconomic situation can be impacted by labels through their access to social services, work,
and education. Negative labels can make it more difficult for a person to grow in their profession
or obtain a stable job, which can prolong cycles of poverty and disadvantage. label they are given
by the society. They become deviant based upon the society’s opinion of them.
Labeling can have profound effects on an individual’s behavior and social functioning,
particularly when it comes to how they perceive themselves and are perceived by others.
Labeling and Behavior
Internalization: When someone is tagged, they tend to internalize the label, which might
influence their self-perception and behavior. For example, if someone is classified as “lazy,” they
may begin to feel they are indeed lazy and modify their behavior accordingly.
Deviance: By establishing expectations and encouraging undesirable conduct, labels can have an
impact on deviance. If someone is called “delinquent,” for example, they can act in a delinquent
manner to justify the label.
Primary Deviance: Primary deviance is the term used to describe a person’s first transgressions
that have little to no bearing on their social standing or interpersonal connections. This concept is
based on the idea that most people break the law or commit deviant acts at some point in their
lives. These acts, though, are not considered serious enough to classify the individual as a
criminal by society or by themselves because it is considered “normal” for them to engage in
these kinds of behaviors.
Secondary Deviance: On the other hand, secondary deviance is deviation that results from the
way society views the person exhibiting the behavior and labels them as abnormal. Unlike
primary deviance, this kind of deviance results directly from internalizing the label of deviant
and has significant ramifications for an individual’s standing and connections in society.
Self Identify: Labels can influence a person’s self-identity, influencing their attitudes, beliefs,
and behaviors. For example, if someone is labeled as “intelligent,” they may feel more secure
and inspired to pursue intellectual activity.
When individuals are labeled with negative terms like “criminal” or “addict,” they may
internalize these labels and begin to behave accordingly. This phenomenon is known as the self-
fulfilling prophecy, where repeated labeling leads people to act in ways that align with those
expectations.
Labels can greatly affect self-esteem. Positive labels boost confidence and encourage
constructive behavior, while negative labels can cause feelings of worthlessness and inadequacy,
potentially leading to further negative behaviors.

Labeling and Social Functioning.

Social Isolation: The stigma and unfavorable responses that come with a label can cause people
to retreat from society, which can result in social isolation.
Stigma: The stigma that is created by labels can have a serious negative effect on a person’s
quality of life. As an illustration, receiving the designation of “mentally ill” can result in social
rejection and decreased motivation
Social Expectations: Labels have the power to establish social norms that affect how people view
and relate to a person. For example, when someone is called “aggressive,” other people are more
inclined to think the same of them and act accordingly.
Labels can also affect social grouping and feelings of belonging. Positive labels can create a
sense of community and shared identity among individuals, resulting in supportive social
networks. In contrast, negative labels can isolate individuals from mainstream organizations
while simultaneously pushing them toward alternative groups where the term is acceptable or
even prized

CONSEQUENCES OF LABELING ON BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONING

Labels can influence social grouping and emotions of belonging. Positive labels can foster a
sense of community and identity among individuals, resulting in supportive social networks.
Negative labels, on the other hand, can isolate people from mainstream organizations while also
pushing them towards alternative groups where the term is accepted or even valued.
Labels can influence social grouping and emotions of belonging. Positive labels can foster a
sense of community and identity among individuals, resulting in supportive social networks.
Negative labels, on the other hand, can isolate people from mainstream organizations while also
pushing them towards alternative groups where the term is accepted or even valued.
A person’s socioeconomic situation can be impacted by labels through their access to social
services, work, and education. Negative labels can make it more difficult for a person to grow in
their profession or obtain a stable job, which can prolong cycles of poverty and disadvantage.
ASSIGNMENT 3 : EXPLAIN SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY AND IMPLICATIONS AND
IMPLICATIONS ON PRO SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

This theory is based on the idea that people can learn through observation, and that this learning
is not limited to direct reinforcement or punishment. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is a learning
theory that emphasizes the role of observation, cognition, and self-efficacy in shaping behavior.
Social Cognitive Theory was developed by Albert Bandura and suggests that people learn by
observing others and that this learning is influenced by personal, behavioral, and environmental
factors. The theory is predicated on the notion that learning can occur naturally to people and is
not dependent on rewards or penalties.

Critique of Social Cognitive Theory

 The hypothesis has been criticized for being overly broad and poorly understood. Furthermore,
it is difficult to measure the impact of social cognition on development, and the hypothesis tends
to overlook growth throughout the lifespan. These constraints make it difficult to completely
apply the theory in real-world scenarios.
Educational implications
In the classroom, Social Cognitive Theory has various consequences for teaching and learning.
To encourage -pro-social conduct, educators should emphasize:
-Building Self-Efficacy: Encourage learners to believe in their personal capabilities to
successfully perform a task.
-Providing Environmental Support: Offer instructional strategies and technology that enhance
self-efficacy and learning.
-Modeling Behavior: Provide opportunities for learners to observe and engage with successful
models.
Advantages and Disadvantages
The theory has various advantages, including a scientific foundation, an emphasis on the
importance of the environment, and the ability to explain taught behaviour. However, it has
drawbacks, such as disregarding biological aspects and failing to account for changes that occur
during a person’s lifetime.

Examples and Applications

Social Cognitive Theory has been applied in various settings, including health promotion and
disease prevention. For example, the Healthy Relationships program uses SCT to increase
independence and develop healthy behaviors among people living with HIV/AIDS. Similarly, the
theory can be used to promote pro-social behavior by encouraging learners to observe and
engage with successful models.

Conclusion.
Social Cognitive Theory is an effective tool for understanding how individuals learn and evolve.
By emphasizing the importance of observation, cognition, and self-efficacy, Social Cognitive
Theory offers a comprehensive framework for fostering pro-social behavior and increasing
learning outcomes.
REFERENCES
https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/educationallearningtheories3rd/chapter/chapter-3-
social-cognitive-theory-2/
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?
doi=a423d6d1c704b5af39167fa0aabe351ffc16dbb0&repid=rep1&type=pdf
https://www.textroad.com/pdf/JAEBS/J.%20Appl.%20Environ.%20Biol.%20Sci.,
%204%281s%2966-69,%202014.pdf