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    Structure of The Atom g11

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    Structure of The Atom g11

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    12 views4 pages

    Structure of The Atom g11

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Nasr

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Chemistry G11

    The structure of the atom

    Name of some scientists:

    Philosophies: the smallest part that cannot divided into smaller one
    they named it the atom.

    Aristotle: refused the idea of the atom, considered that any matter
    consists of 4 components water, air, fire, dust.

    Boyle: he put the first definition for the element “it is a pure matter
    cannot be analyzed into simpler one by traditional chemical method”.

    Thomson atomic model:

    The atom is uniform sphere of +ve charged inside it equal numbers of


    _ve electrons are embedded to make the atom electrically neutral.

    Rutherford’s atomic model:

    Geiger and Marsden carry out an experiment due to Rutherford’s


    suggestion.
    The experiment:

    1- Rutherford allowed particle to hit around metallic part lined with


    Zinc Sulphide (it glow at the position of hitting) so he can
    determine the number and the position of alpha particle.
    2- He put very thin gold plate in the path of alpha rays before it hits
    the metal plate.

    Observation conclusion
    1- Most of the alpha particles 1- Most of the atom is space it I
    appear in the same position not uniformly dense (=not
    before putting the thin gold solid) as Dalton and
    plate. Thomson through.
    2- Little number of alpha 2- There is small and high dense
    particles not penetrates the part takes a small space in
    gold plate and reflects back the atom called the nucleus.
    so some glowing appears on 3- The nucleus has +ve charge
    the opposite side of the gold similar to alpha particle so
    plate. they repel.
    3- Some glowing appears on the
    two sides of the first
    position.
    From this experiment Rutherford able to put the following model:
    1- The atom
    It very small in size. Its structure like the solar system (the planet revolve
    around the sun) the electrons revolve around the nucleus.
    2- The nucleus
    Much smaller than the atom and there is large space between the nucleus
    and the orbits (most of the atom is pace) the atomic mas is concentrated
    inside the nucleus.
    3- The electron
    1-Due to the rapid movement of the electrons around the nucleus.
    2-The electron is affected by two forces, attraction force and centrifugal
    force they are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
    Objection on Rutherford’s Atomic model:
    Maxual’s theory
    When an electrically charged particle moves in an orbit it will lose its energy
    gradually by emission of radiation that causes gradual decrease in the orbit
    radius.
    By applying
    This theory on Rutherford’s model, the electron will lose its energy
    gradually by emission of radiation which causes gradual decrease of the
    atomic radius and the electron spiral inward until it hit the nucleus.

    Circular path Rutherford model spiral path objection of Maxwell with Rutherford
    How atoms differ

    Atomic number = number of protons = number of electrons

    Open book p. 99 solve the problems

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