1 s2.0 S187661021630649X Main
1 s2.0 S187661021630649X Main
1 s2.0 S187661021630649X Main
com
ScienceDirect
Energy Procedia 95 (2016) 43 – 49
,QWHUQDWLRQDO6FLHQWLILF&RQIHUHQFH³(QYLURQPHQWDODQG&OLPDWH7HFKQRORJLHV´&21(&7
2FWREHU5LJD/DWYLD
$EVWUDFW
6HDZHHGELRPDVVLVZDVKHGDVKRUHRQEHDFKHVFDXVLQJUHFUHDWLRQDOSUREOHPVIRUORFDOLQKDELWDQWVDQGWRXULVWV7KH
PDQDJHPHQW RI PDULQH ZDVWH LQ /DWYLD LV QRW ZHOO GHYHORSHG %URZQ DOJDH Fucus vesiculosus LV RQH RI WKH PRVW
DEXQGDQWVHDZHHGVLQ/DWYLD7KHFKHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIEURZQDOJDHFucus vesiculosusFROOHFWHGIURPWKH*XOI
RI5LJDZDVHYDOXDWHG$OJDHFRQWDLQKLJKHUDPRXQWVRIERWKPDFURHOHPHQWV ±SSP3.&D0J1D
)H0Q DQGWUDFHHOHPHQWV ±SSP=Q&X&U3E6U$V&G6H WKDQWHUUHVWULDOSODQWV7KHREWDLQHG
FRPSRVLWLRQZDVXVHGWRGHVFULEHWKHSRWHQWLDOXVHVRIVHDZHHG)RRGSKDUPDF\DQGELRHQHUJ\ZHUHFRQVLGHUHGDV
SRWHQWLDOO\WKHEHVWVHFWRUVIRUPDFURDOJDHXVH'XHWRKLJKOHYHOVRIKHDY\PHWDOVLQVHDZHHGLWLVQRWUHFRPPHQGHG
WRXVHF. vesiculosusIURP*XOIRI5LJDDVDIRRG7KHEHVWSRWHQWLDOXVHLVIRXQGWREHXVLQJLWDVELRPDVVIHHGWR
REWDLQELRJDV
7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG
© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI5LJD7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\,QVWLWXWHRI(QHUJ\6\VWHPVDQG(QYLURQPHQW
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of Riga Technical University, Institute of Energy Systems and Environment.
Keywords:PDFURDOJDHPDULQHELRPDVVKHDY\PHWDOVPLQHUDOFRPSRVLWLRQHGLEOHVHDZHHGVELRIXHOVFucus vesiculosus
,QWURGXFWLRQ
6HDZHHG DTXDFXOWXUH LV SRSXODU LQ $VLDQ FRXQWULHV EXW WKH VHDZHHG QDWXUDO GLVWULEXWLRQ DUHD FRYHUV WKH ZKROH
ZRUOGLQFOXGLQJ(XURSHDQGWKH*XOIRI5LJD>@6HDZHHGFXOWLYDWLRQLQGXVWU\DQGPDVVSURGXFWLRQRIDOJDHLVQRW
GHYHORSHG LQ /DWYLD 6HDZHHG LQ WKH %DOWLF 6HD LV DEXQGDQW LQ WKUHH GLIIHUHQW IRUPV )LUVWO\ DQ LPSRUWDQW SDUW RI
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO
E-mail address:NDULQDEDOLQD#UWXOY
1876-6102 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of Riga Technical University, Institute of Energy Systems and Environment.
doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.010
44 Karina Balina et al. / Energy Procedia 95 (2016) 43 – 49
VHDZHHG LV DWWDFKHG WR WKH VXEVWUDWH DQG LV SURWHFWHG VRPH SDUW RI VHDZHHG DUH GHWDFKHG RI VXEVWUDWH DQG GULIW
VXERUGLQDWHGE\ZDYHVDQGFXUUHQWV>@(YHQWXDOO\VHDZHHGLVZDVKHGXSRQVKRUHZDYHVDQGFXUUHQWV±UHVSHFWLYHO\
DIIHFWHGE\ZLQGVSHHGDQGGLUHFWLRQ>@±GHILQHWKHLUSDWKZD\RQVXUIDFHDQGILQDOO\WRWKHVKRUHFUHDWLQJWKHWKLUG
IRUP 7KH DSSHDUDQFH RI PDFURDOJDH RQ D EHDFK LV QRW D SHUPDQHQW RU UHJXODU SURFHVV WKXV WKH FRPSRVLWLRQ DQG
DPRXQWRIWKHELRPDVVZDVKHGDVKRUHLVQRWSUHGLFWDEOH>@$OWKRXJKLWLVDQDWXUDOFRDVWDOSURFHVVLWFDQEHDQ
LPSRUWDQWSUREOHPGXULQJWKHWRXULVPVHDVRQZKHQGHFRPSRVLQJDOJDHGHFUHDVHVWKHUHFUHDWLRQDOYDOXHRIEHDFKHV
>@+LVWRULFDOO\DOJDHZDVWHKDVEHHQXVHGDVDIHUWLOL]HURQDJULFXOWXUDOODQGVE\ORFDOLQKDELWDQWV$FFRUGLQJWR(8
%DWKLQJ :DWHU 'LUHFWLYH (& GXULQJ WKH EHDFK VHDVRQ LQ WKH SODFHV ZKHUH LW PLJKW LQWHUIHUH ZLWK SHRSOH
ZDVKHGRXWDOJDHLVFROOHFWHGE\ORFDOPXQLFLSDOLWLHV>@
,QUHJDUGWRPDFURDOJDHLQWKH/DWYLDQFRQWH[W Fucus vesiculosus /LVDGRPLQDQWEURZQDOJDRQWKHURFN\ERWWRPV
RIWKH%DOWLF6HDFRDVWDODUHDV>@,QWKHFRDVWDOZDWHUVF. vesiculosusIRUPVGHQVHFDQRSLHV>@,WLVWKHPRVW
DEXQGDQWPDULQHEURZQDOJDHLQWKH*XOIRI5LJD
7KHXVHRIPDULQHPDFURDOJDHFRXOGEHZLGH5DZVHDZHHGDQGVHDZHHGIRRGSURGXFWVLQ$VLDQFRXQWULHVKDYH
EHHQ FRQVXPHG IRU FHQWXULHV 0RUH UHFHQWO\ VHDZHHG SURGXFWV DV D VRXUFH RI SRO\VDFFKDULGHV IRU IRRG DQG
SKDUPDFHXWLFDOXVHVDUHEHFRPLQJSRSXODULQ(XURSH>@7KHVHDZHHGPLQHUDOFRQWHQWLVKLJKHUWKDQPLQHUDOOHYHO
LQWHUUHVWULDOSODQWVDQGDQLPDOSURGXFWV+LJKPLQHUDOFRQWHQWDQGORZIDWFRQWHQWPDNHVLWDSHUIHFWIRRGVXSSOHPHQW
>@3RO\VDFFKDULGHVIRXQGLQVHDZHHGPDNHLWDWWUDFWLYHWRWKHSKDUPDFHXWLFDOLQGXVWU\)XFRLGDQVIRXQGLQEURZQ
DOJDHH[KLELWYDULRXVELRORJLFDODFWLYLWLHVZLWKSRWHQWLDOKHDOWKEHQHILWV>@0DULQHVHDZHHGELRPDVVFDQDOVREH
XVHGDVDIHHGVWRFNIRUHQHUJHWLFSXUSRVHV6HDZHHGFDQEHWUDQVIRUPHGLQGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRIELRIXHOVVXFKDVELRJDV
ELRHWKDQRODQGELRGLHVHO>@
7KLVVWXG\LQYHVWLJDWHVWKHFKHPLFDOHOHPHQWFRPSRVLWLRQRIEURZQDOJDHFucus vesiculosusFROOHFWHGRQWKHFRDVWDO
]RQHRIWKH*XOIRI5LJD7KUHHGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRIDOJDHHQGXVHVDUHGLVFXVVHG7KHUHVXOWVRIDQDO\VLQJWKHFKHPLFDO
FRPSRVLWLRQDQGWKHDYDLODEOHLQIRUPDWLRQLVWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWZKHQFRQVLGHULQJWKHPRVWDSSURSULDWHHQGXVHVF.
vesiculosusFDQEHXVHGDVDIRRGVXSSOHPHQWELRPDVVIRUELRHQHUJ\DQGDVDVRXUFHRISKDUPDFHXWLFDOO\LPSRUWDQW
PDWWHUV'XHWRKLJKFRQWHQWRIKHDY\PHWDOVLQWKHELRPDVVRIF. vesiculosusLQWKH*XOIRI5LJDLWLVVXJJHVWHGWR
XVHWKLVDOJDHDVDIHHGVWRFNRIELRHQHUJ\,WLVQRWVXJJHVWHGWREHXVHGLQKXPDQFRQVXPSWLRQXQOHVVKHDY\PHWDOV
DUHUHPRYHG
0DWHULDOVDQGPHWKRGV
&KHPLFDODQDO\VLVZDVFDUULHGRXWLQWKH/DWYLDQ(QYLURQPHQW*HRORJ\DQG0HWHRURORJ\&HQWUHIROORZLQJWKH
/DWYLDQVWDQGDUGPHWKRGRORJLHV 86(3$0HWKRG$/96(1,62/96,62
86(3$0HWKRG/96(1,62/96(1/96,62/96,62
/96,62/96,620DFURHOHPHQWV&+16ZHUHDQDO\VHGLQ/DWYLDQ,QVWLWXWH
RI2UJDQLF6\QWKHVLVXVLQJDWRPLFVSHFWURVFRS\
Karina Balina et al. / Energy Procedia 95 (2016) 43 – 49 45
5HVXOWVDQGGLVFXVVLRQ
7KHFKHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIWKHEURZQDOJDHF. vesiculosusDQDO\VHGLQWKLVVWXG\LVOLVWHGLQ7DEOH7KHRUJDQLF
HOHPHQWVPDFURHOHPHQWVPLFURHOHPHQWVDQGPHWDOFRQWHQWVDUHJLYHQ
7DEOHFucus vesiculosusFKHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQ
%URZQDOJDHLVQRWSURSHUO\XVHGLQ/DWYLD,WLVNQRZQWKDWLWKDVEHHQXVHGDVDIHUWLOL]HUSOD\LQJDQLPSRUWDQW
UROHRQORFDODJULFXOWXUDOODQGDQGFRQWULEXWLQJQXWULHQWVWRWKHEHDFKHFRV\VWHPSUHVHUYLQJELRGLYHUVLW\%HFDXVHRI
WKHKLJKFDSDFLW\WRDEVRUEHQYLURQPHQWDOSROOXWLRQLWFDQEHXVHGDVDELRVRUEHQWWRUHPRYHKHDY\PHWDOVIURPWKH
HQYLURQPHQW>@
46 Karina Balina et al. / Energy Procedia 95 (2016) 43 – 49
3.2.1. Food
7KHOHYHORI1DLVGHSHQGHQWRQWKHVDOLQLW\RIWKHVHD$KLJKHUOHYHORIVRGLXPLQFucus vesiculosusLVIRXQG
FORVHUWRWKH$WODQWLF2FHDQZKHUHWKHVDOLQLW\LVKLJKHU$KLJKVDOWOHYHOLVDOVRUHSRUWHGLQWKHSXEOLFDWLRQRI3HLQDGR
>@ZKRIRXQG±PJJ1D&OLQGU\ZHLJKWF. vesiculosusSUHVHQWVDKLJKOHYHORIOLSLGVDVZHOODVKLJK
QXFOHRWLGHFRQWHQW7KHGRPLQDWLQJIDWW\DFLGKDVEHHQPHQWLRQHGROHLFDFLGZKLFKLVFODVVLILHGDVDPRQRXQVDWXUDWHG
RPHJDIDWW\DFLG+LJKDQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\VXSSRUWHGE\KLJKOHYHOVRIQXFOHRWLGHVDQGIDWW\DFLGVPDNHVLWQRWRQO\
QXWULWLRQDOEXWDOVRKHDOWK\,QDGGLWLRQXVLQJF. vesiculosus DVDIRRGVXSSOHPHQWFDQLQFUHDVHWKHXPDPLWDVWHDQG
UHGXFHWKHQHHGIRUDGGLWLRQDOVDOW>@&RQFHUQVSHUVLVWEHFDXVHRIOHYHORIKHDY\PHWDOVLQDOJDH7RHYDOXDWHWKH
OHYHORIKHDY\PHWDOVLQVHDZHHGFXUUHQWDPRXQWRI$V&G3ELQFucus vesiculosusZDVFRPSDUHGZLWKWKHPD[LPDO
OHYHOVDSSOLHGWRHGLEOHVHDZHHGVLQ)UDQFH 5HJXODWLRQ (& 1RRQ(GLEOH6HDZHHG )UHQFK5HJXODWLRQ
&RPSDULVRQLVGLVSOD\HGLQ7DEOH
7DEOH4XDOLW\FULWHULDDSSOLHGWRHGLEOHVHDZHHGVVROGLQ)UDQFH
0D[LPDOOHYHO PJNJ76 &XUUHQWDPRXQW PJNJ76
$UVHQLF $V
&DGPLXP &G
/HDG 3E
7KHOHYHORIDUVHQLFLQWKHDOJDHDQDO\VHGZDVPJNJ76ZKLOHWKHDPRXQWRIOHDG PJNJ76 DQG
FDGPLXP PJ NJ 76 ZHUH ORZHU 7KHVH FRQFHQWUDWLRQV DUH KLJKHU WKDQ PD[LPXP OHYHOV DOORZHG LQ HGLEOH
VHDZHHGIRUWKHVHFRQWDPLQDQWV7KHDOORZHGOHYHORIDUVHQLFLQHGLEOHVHDZHHGLVPJNJ76EXWLQFucusIRXQG
LQ*XOIRI5LJDWKLVOHYHOLVDOPRVWIRXUWLPHVKLJKHU,QVHDZHHGFDGPLXPLVIRXQGPJNJ76WKDWLVWKUHHWLPHV
JUHDWHUWKDQWKHOLPLWHGDPRXQW PJNJ76 $PRXQWRIOHDGLQFucusIRXQGLQWKH%DOWLF6HDLVPJNJ76
ZKLFKLVPRUHWKDQWKHPD[LPDOOHYHO PJNJ76
Fucus vesiculosusFRXOGVHUYHDVDJRRGSURWHLQVRXUFHEXWWKHXWLOL]DWLRQRIDOJDHDVDIRRGFDQEHFRPSOLFDWHG
EHFDXVHRIWKHKLJKOHYHORIKHDY\PHWDOV7KLVPHDQVWKDWH[WUDFWLRQRIDOJDOFRPSRXQGVVXFKDVSURWHLQVPLQHUDOV
DQGIDWW\DFLGVIRUXVHDVLQJUHGLHQWVLQIRRGSURGXFWLRQPD\EHDEHWWHUVWUDWHJ\
3.2.2. Pharmacy
0HGLFLQDOEHQHILWVRIF. vesiculosusKDYHDOUHDG\EHHQHYDOXDWHGIRUFHQWXULHV6LPXODWLRQRIWKHWK\URLGJODQGDV
DWUHDWPHQWIRUSUREOHPVOLNHREHVLW\DQGFHOOXOLWHKDVEHHQPHQWLRQHGDVWKHPDLQEHQHILWWRPHGLFLQHIURPWKHXVH
RI WKLVSODQW6HDZHHG LV DOVR ZHOO NQRZQIRU LWVKLJK LRGLQH FRQWHQW ZKLFK LVQRWGHWHFWHG LQRXU DQDO\VLV EXW LV
UHSRUWHGLQPDQ\SXEOLFDWLRQV>@7KHKLJKLRGLQHFRQWHQWRIF. vesiculosusVWLPXODWHVWK\URLGIXQFWLRQ
ZKLFKERRVWVPHWDEROLFSURFHVVHVDQGVROYHVSUREOHPVZLWKOLSLGEDODQFHZKLFKPD\KHOSWRUHGXFHZHLJKW>@,WLV
UHSRUWHGWKDWFucusFDQVROYHKRUPRQDOSUREOHPVLWKDVDQWLFDQFHUSRWHQWLDOLWUHGXFHVEORRGVXJDUDQGLWZRUNVDV
DQDQWLFRDJXODQWDQGFDQEHXVHGWRWUHDWKLJKEORRGSUHVVXUH$VVKRZQLQ7DEOHF. vesiculosusLVDOVRULFKZLWK
FDOFLXPPDJQHVLXPSRWDVVLXPVRGLXPDQGLWDOVRFRQWDLQVHVVHQWLDOHOHPHQWVOLNHSKRVSKRUXVVHOHQLXPPDQJDQHVH
DQG]LQFZKLFKFRXOGEHEHQHILFLDODVDIRRGVXSSOHPHQW,WLVDOVRPHQWLRQHGLQOLWHUDWXUHWKDWDOJDHFRQWDLQ$&(
*DQG%FRPSOH[YLWDPLQV$OJDHLVDOVRULFKLQDOJLQLQDQGPDQQLWROFDURWHQHDQG]HD[DQWLQ>@
$VPHQWLRQHGDERYHDSDUWIURPWKHPDQ\SRVLWLYHWUDLWVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKLQWDNHRIDOJDHWKHUHDUHDOVRFRQFHUQVWR
WDNHLQWRDFFRXQW,WLVVXJJHVWHGWRXVHFucusDVDVXSSOHPHQWEXWDYRLGFRQVXPLQJLWLQODUJHDPRXQWVEHFDXVHRI
WKH KLJK LRGLQH OHYHO DQG KHDY\ PHWDO FRQWDPLQDWLRQ WKDW FDQ FDXVH QHJDWLYH VLGH HIIHFWV >@ +HDY\ PHWDOV
DFFXPXODWHGLQDOJDHPD\EHGHWULPHQWDOWRKXPDQKHDOWK7KHDPRXQWRIKHDY\PHWDOVIRXQGLQRXUDQDO\VLVLVKLJKHU
DQGH[FHHGVPD[LPXPOHYHOV DVPHQWLRQHGLQSUHYLRXVVHFWLRQ
Karina Balina et al. / Energy Procedia 95 (2016) 43 – 49 47
3.2.3. Bioenergy
Fucus vesiculosusELRPDVV ZDVKHG DVKRUH LQ /DWYLD FRXOG EH D SRWHQWLDO ELRHQHUJ\ VRXUFH 7KH WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ
URXWHVRIWKHVHDZHHGVIRUHQHUJ\FDQEHGLIIHUHQW'ĊERZVNL>@LGHQWLILHGWKHILQDODOJDHEDVHGIXHOVLQWHUPVRI
ELRJDVELRHWKDQROELRGLHVHODQGELRRLOVVSHFLILFDOO\REWDLQHGIURPWKHFRQYHUVLRQSURFHVVHVRIDQDHURELFGLJHVWLRQ
IHUPHQWDWLRQWUDQVHVWHULILFDWLRQOLTXHIDFWLRQDQGS\URO\VLVPHWKRGV7KHVHUHSUHVHQWWKHPRVWYDOXDEOHDQGIHDVLEOH
FRQYHUVLRQURXWHVZLWKVRPHFRQVWUDLQWVUHODWHGWRWKHDOJDHELRPDVVFRPSRVLWLRQ
/RRNLQJ WRZDUG ELRJDV SURGXFWLRQ WKHUH LV D ORW RI OLWHUDWXUH DERXW WKH \LHOG DQG HIIHFWLYHQHVV RI DQDHURELF
GLJHVWLRQ $' SURFHVVHV>@6HYHUDOVWXGLHVFRQILUPDQDHURELFGLJHVWLRQWREHDQHIIHFWLYHWHFKQRORJ\IRUDOJDH
ELRPDVVFRQYHUVLRQIRUHQHUJHWLFSXUSRVHV>±@
7KH PHWKDQH SURGXFWLRQ LQ Fucus vesiculosus FDQ YDU\ IURP P/ &+ J 96 RI F. vesiculosus XQZDVKHG
ELRPDVVXSWRWKHYDOXHRIP/&+J96RISUHWUHDWHGELRPDVV>@(YHQWKRXJKWKHUHDUHVHYHUDOFRQVWUDLQW
IDFWRUVWKDWFDQLQFOXGHWKHUHVLVWDQFHRIFHOOZDOOVWREHGHJUDGHGGXULQJWKH$'SURFHVVHVGXHWRDWRRKLJKOHYHO
RIFHOOXORVHRUKHPLFHOOXORVHWKHFDSDELOLW\RIDOJDHWRUHOHDVHFRPSRXQGVLQKLELWLQJWKHDFWLYLW\RIWKHDQDHURELF
EDFWHULD LHDONDOLQHPHWDOV DQGWKHLPSURSHU&1UDWLRLQWKHELRPDVVVXEMHFWHGWRWKHIHUPHQWDWLRQSURFHVVHV
>@ LQIDFWWRJHWDKLJKHU\LHOGRI&+WKHRSWLPDO&1UDWLRLVQHFHVVDU\±LH± PHDQLQJWKDWWKH
QLWURJHQFRQWHQWLQVRPHDOJDHFRXOGEHWRRKLJK
,QWKLVVWXG\&1UDWLRYDULHVEHWZHHQDQGDQGWKHVHQXPEHUVDUHKLJKHUWKDQUHSRUWHGLQRWKHUSXEOLFDWLRQV
>@%XFKROFHWDOUHSRUWHG&1UDWLRIRUF. vesiculosus DQGWKLVYDOXHLVLQWKHUDQJHEHVWIRU$'
6RPH RI WKHVH SUREOHPV FDQ EH RYHUFRPH E\ WDNLQJ LQWR DFFRXQW VSHFLILF SK\VLFDO RU FKHPLFDO SUHWUHDWPHQW
PHWKRGVWKDWFDQIDYRXUWKHEUHDNGRZQRIFHOOZDOOVIDFLOLWDWLQJHDVLHUDFFHVVWRWKHDOJDHPDWWHUIURPWKHPHWKDQRJHQ
EDFWHULDRUPL[LQJRIPDFURDOJDHLQDFRGLJHVWLRQLQRUGHUWRUHHVWDEOLVKDFRUUHFW&1UDWLRVPRUHEHQHILFLDOIRUWKH
ELRJDVSURGXFWLRQ>@0HFKDQLFDOFKRSSLQJLVRQHRIWKHPRVWFRPPRQSUHWUHDWPHQWPHWKRGVLQRUGHUWRIDYRXU
PHWKDQRJHQEDFWHULDDFWLYLW\
$VPHQWLRQHGEHIRUHDQLPSRUWDQWIDFWRU WREHFRQVLGHUHGZKLOHHYDOXDWLQJWKHHFRQRPLFIHDVLELOLW\ LVUHODWHGWR
WKH RYHUDOO ELRJDVELRPHWKDQH \LHOG GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH SUHWUHDWPHQW SURFHGXUH >@ D SURSHU PHWKRG FDQ EHWWHU
HQKDQFHWKHELRPHWKDQHIUDFWLRQZLWKLQWKHELRJDVPL[0RQWLJHOOL>@VXJJHVWVDPLOGSUHWUHDWPHQWGXHWRWKHORZ
FRQWHQWRIOLJQLQZLWKLQWKHDOJDOELRPDVVLIFRPSDUHGZLWKRWKHUELRPDVVIHHGVWRFNIRU$',QWKLVSHUVSHFWLYHWKH
DXWKRUVXJJHVWVSK\VLFDOSUHWUHDWPHQWVLQWHUPVRIVLPSOLFLW\DQGHIIHFWLYHQHVV
$ SRWHQWLDO PHWKRG IRU HQHUJ\ FRQYHUVLRQ RI PDFUR DOJDH ELRPDVV LV IHUPHQWDWLRQ WR REWDLQ ELRHWKDQRO DV
WUDQVSRUWDWLRQIXHO>@0DFURDOJDHSUHVHQWVDKLJKOHYHORIFDUERK\GUDWHVDQGDVPDOODPRXQWRIOLJQLQ>@WKXVFDQ
EHFRQVLGHUHGDSURSHUVXEVWUDWHLQIHUPHQWDWLRQSULRUK\GURO\VLVSURFHVV$OWKRXJKWKHUHDUHVRPHFRQFHUQVRQWKH
PDFURDOJDHELRHWKDQROSURGXFWLRQ\LHOG>@
0DFURDOJDHLVPRUHEHQHILFLDOIRUSURGXFWLRQURXWHVLQYROYLQJELRJDVDQGELRHWKDQROUDWKHUWKDQELRGLHVHOGXHWR
WKHORZOHYHORIWULJO\FHULGHV>@ LHWKHPLFURDOJDHOLSLGFRQWHQWUDQJHVIURP±GZ>@ZLWKDSHDNRI
GZPDFURDOJDHOLSLGFRQWHQWUDQJHIURPWRGZ>@ 0DFURDOJDHELRGLHVHOKDVEHHQLQYHVWLJDWHG
ZLWKUDWKHUSRRUUHVXOWVLIFRPSDUHGZLWKWKHXVHRIPLFURDOJDH>@
,W KDV EHHQ IRXQG WKDW EURZQ VHDZHHG KDV ORZ OHYHOV RI HDVLO\ IHUPHQWDEOH VXJDUV >@ WKXV LW ZRXOG EH PRUH
EHQHILFLDOIRUVWDQGDUG$'WKDWUHTXHVWVSUHWUHDWPHQWWREUHDNWKHSRO\VDFFKDULGHVLQWRPRQRPHUVSULRUWRK\GURO\VLV
48 Karina Balina et al. / Energy Procedia 95 (2016) 43 – 49
&RQFOXVLRQ
Fucus vesiculosusLVDGRPLQDQWEURZQDOJDJURZLQJRQWKHURFN\ERWWRPVRIWKH%DOWLF6HDFRDVWDODUHD$OJDH
ZDVKHGXSRQVKRUHFDQFDXVHUHFUHDWLRQDOSUREOHPVDQGVKRXOGEHUHPRYHG:LWKLQWKLVVWXG\WKHFKHPLFDOHOHPHQW
FRPSRVLWLRQZDVGHWHUPLQHGLQRUGHUWRILQGWKHSRWHQWLDOO\PRVWDSSURSULDWHXVHIRUVXFKW\SHRIDOJDOELRPDVV
F. vesiculosusFKHPLFDODQDO\VLVVKRZHGDKLJKOHYHORIGLIIHUHQWPLQHUDOV$OJDHFRXOGVXFFHVVIXOO\EHXVHGDVD
IRRGRUSKDUPDFHXWLFDOFRPSRXQGEXWEDVHGRQWKHDQDO\VLVWKLVILQDOXVHSDWKZD\LVQRWVXJJHVWHGGXHWRKLJKOHYHOV
RI KHDY\ PHWDOV ZKLFK H[FHHG SHUPLVVLEOH OHYHOV 1HYHUWKHOHVV WKH SRWHQWLDO XVH RI F. vesiculosus ELRPDVV DV D
IHHGVWRFNIRUELRHQHUJ\LVSURSRVHG,QIDFWF. vesiculosusVKRZFKHPLFDOSURSHUWLHVVXLWDEOHIRUXVHLQDQDHURELF
GLJHVWLRQ
)XUWKHUUHVHDUFKLVQHFHVVDU\WRHYDOXDWHWKHDYDLODEOHDOJDOELRPDVVLQWKH*XOIRI5LJD0RUHDQDO\VLVLVUHTXLUHG
WRDVVHVVFKHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQLQGLIIHUHQWVHDVRQV
$FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV
7KHZRUNKDVEHHQVXSSRUWHGE\WKH (XURSHDQ(FRQRPLF$UHD)LQDQFLDO0HFKDQLVPIURP,FHODQG/LHFKWHQVWHLQ
DQG 1RUZD\ SURMHFW 1R((=/9*6 ³'HYHORSPHQW RI ELRHFRQRPLFDO PRGHO IRU VXVWDLQDEOH XVH RI
ELRORJLFDOUHVRXUFHVLQRUGHUWRUHGXFHFOLPDWHFKDQJHVDQGLPSURYHDGDSWDWLRQFDSDFLW\ %,2&/,0$7( ´
5HIHUHQFHV
>@ (ULNVVRQ%.%HUJVWU|P//RFDOGLVWULEXWLRQSDWWHUQVRIPDFURDOJDHLQUHODWLRQWRHQYLURQPHQWDOYDULDEOHVLQWKHQRUWKHUQ%DOWLF3URSHU
(VWXDU&RDVW6KHOI6FL±
>@ 6XXUVDDUh7RUQ.0DUWLQ*+HUNO..XOODV7)RUPDWLRQDQGVSHFLHVFRPSRVLWLRQRIVWRUPFDVWEHDFKZUDFNLQWKH*XOIRI5LJD%DOWLF
6HD 7KH VWXG\ ZDV VXSSRUWHG E\ WKH (8 /LIHSURMHFW 0$5021, µ,QQRYDWLYH DSSURDFKHV IRU PDULQH ELRGLYHUVLW\ PRQLWRULQJ DQG
DVVHVVPHQWRIFRQVHUYDWLRQVWDWXVRIQDWXUHY2FHDQRORJLD±
>@ %XUNKROGHU-07RPDVNR'$7RXFKHWWH%:6HDJUDVVHVDQGHXWURSKLFDWLRQ-([S0DU%LR(FRO±
>@ )LOLSNRZVND$/XEHFNL/6]\PF]DN=\áD0àRWRFND0.RZDOHZVND*)DFWRUVDIIHFWLQJWKHRFFXUUHQFHRIDOJDHRQWKH6RSRWEHDFK
%DOWLF6HD 2FHDQRORJLD±
>@ %XUNKROGHU-07RPDVNR'$7RXFKHWWH%:6HDJUDVVHVDQGHXWURSKLFDWLRQ-([S0DU%LR(FRO±
>@ (8'LUHFWLYH(&RIWKH(XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQWDQGRIWKH&RXQFLORI)HEUXDU\FRQFHUQLQJWKHPDQDJHPHQWRIEDWKLQJZDWHU
TXDOLW\DQGUHSHDOLQJ'LUHFWLYH((&2II-(XU8QLRQ/±
>@ /DJR/HVWyQ$0RWD&.DXWVN\/3HDUVRQ*$)XQFWLRQDOGLYHUJHQFHLQKHDWVKRFNUHVSRQVHIROORZLQJUDSLGVSHFLDWLRQRIFucus sppLQ
WKH%DOWLF6HD0DU%LRO±
>@ 7RUQ..UDXVH-HQVHQ'0DUWLQ*3UHVHQWDQGSDVWGHSWKGLVWULEXWLRQRIEODGGHUZUDFN Fucus vesiculosus LQWKH%DOWLF6HD$TXDW%RW
±
>@ 3LD]]L / %DODWD ' &LQHOOL ) 6SHFLHV FRPSRVLWLRQ DQG PRUSKRORJLFDO JURXSV RI PDFURDOJDO DVVHPEODJHV DURXQG *RUJRQD ,VODQG QRUWK
ZHVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD &U\SWRJDP$OJRO±
>@ 0DHKUH+.0DOGH0.(LOHUWVHQ.((OYHYROO(2&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQRISURWHLQOLSLGDQGPLQHUDOFRQWHQWVLQFRPPRQ1RUZHJLDQVHDZHHGV
DQGHYDOXDWLRQRIWKHLUSRWHQWLDODVIRRGDQGIHHG-6FL)RRG$JULF±
>@ 583(5(=30LQHUDOFRQWHQWRIHGLEOHPDULQHVHDZHHGV)RRG&KHP±
>@ 7D\ORU60DULQH0HGLFLQDO)RRGV,PSOLFDWLRQVDQG$SSOLFDWLRQV0DFURDQG0LFURDOJDH(OVHYLHU,QF
>@ $OOHQ(:DOO'0+HUUPDQQ&;LD$0XUSK\-':KDWLVWKHJURVVHQHUJ\\LHOGRIWKLUGJHQHUDWLRQJDVHRXVELRIXHOVRXUFHGIURPVHDZHHG"
(QHUJ\±
>@ 3DVWDUH/5RPDJQROL)5XJHOH.']HQH,%OXPEHUJD'%LRFKHPLFDO0HWKDQH3RWHQWLDOIURP$QDHURELF'LJHVWLRQRIWKH0DFURSK\WH
&HUDWKRSK\OOXP'HPHUVXP$%DWFK7HVWVWXG\IRU/DWYLDQ&RQGLWLRQV(QHUJ\3URFHGLD±
>@ 5XG]URJD$,]SODWƯWƗNR/DWYLMDVDƺƧXQRWHLFƝMV5ƯJD=LQƗWQH
>@ 5RVV$%-RQHV-0.XEDFNL0/%ULGJHPDQ7&ODVVLILFDWLRQRIPDFURDOJDHDVIXHODQGLWVWKHUPRFKHPLFDOEHKDYLRXU%LRUHVRXU7HFKQRO
±
>@ +(/&20+HDY\0HWDO3ROOXWLRQWRWKH%DOWLF6HDLQ%DOW6HD(QYLURQ3URFHHGLQJV1R
>@ :HL14XDUWHUPDQ--LQ<60DULQHPDFURDOJDHDQXQWDSSHGUHVRXUFHIRUSURGXFLQJIXHOVDQGFKHPLFDOV7UHQGV%LRWHFKQRO±
>@ 0XUSK\9+XJKHV+0F/RXJKOLQ3&RPSDUDWLYHVWXG\RIFKURPLXPELRVRUSWLRQE\UHGJUHHQDQGEURZQVHDZHHGELRPDVV&KHPRVSKHUH
±
>@ 3HLQDGR,*LUyQ-.RXWVLGLV*$PHV-0&KHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQDQWLR[LGDQWDFWLYLW\DQGVHQVRU\HYDOXDWLRQRIILYHGLIIHUHQWVSHFLHVRI
EURZQHGLEOHVHDZHHGV)RRG5HV,QW±
>@ %XUWLQ31XWULWLRQDO9DOXHRI6HDZHHGV(OHFWURQ-(QYLURQ$JULF)RRG&KHP±
Karina Balina et al. / Energy Procedia 95 (2016) 43 – 49 49