FAKULTI OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS (BFC 25103)

SESSION/SEMESTER: 2 / 2023/2024

TITLE: APPLICATION OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS IN CIVIL

ENGINEERING AREA

LECTURER’S NAME: DR. NUR AIN BINTI EBAS

SECTION 3 (GROUP 7)

NO NAME NO MATRIC

1. MUHAMMAD IRSYAD BIN MOHAMMAD SIDEK CF230163

2. MUHAMMAD RAZIEF BIN RAMELI CF230224

3. MUHAMMAD ZAREET BIN MUHAMAD ZUL CF230068

4. MUHAMMAD FAIZ BIN AZMAN CF230231

5. ASNAWI HAKIM BIN AZAMAN CF230131

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 Introduction 3

2.0 Problem statement 4

3.0 Objectives 4

4.0 Literature 5

5.0 Methodology 6

6.0 Calculation 7-8

7.0 Discussion 9

8.0 Conclusion 10

9.0 Fila Table 11 - 12

10.0 References 13

11.0 Appendixes 14 - 15

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1.0 Introduction

In engineering, precise mathematical calculations are crucial for designing systems that
are both effective and reliable. One such application is in the design and optimization of pipe
drainage systems, where the thickness of the pipes plays a significant role in ensuring structural
integrity and efficient water flow. Accurate calculations of pipe thickness are essential to prevent
leaks, withstand pressure, and accommodate various environmental and operational stresses. The
focus of this report is to determine the best choice thickness for drainage pipes using an
integrated calculation method. This involves applying advanced mathematical concepts,
specifically integration, to calculate and analyze the required pipe thickness for various
conditions. Integration allows for the consideration of numerous factors and variables that
influence the design, providing a comprehensive and precise solution.

In this study, we explore the use of double integrals to calculate the volume and thickness
of cylindrical drainage pipes. The application of these integrals enables us to account for the
internal and external pressures, material properties, and flow requirements, ensuring the pipes are
designed to meet both safety and efficiency standards. The integration approach not only
simplifies complex calculations but also enhances the accuracy and reliability of the results. This
report aims to provide a detailed methodology for using integrated calculations to determine pipe
thickness, offering valuable insights and practical guidelines for engineers involved in the design
and maintenance of drainage systems.

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2.0 Problem Statement

The problems created could be solved using engineering mathematics which is learned in BFC 25103
Engineering Mathematics. The task of the project is to find the volume for the drainage pipe. Next task,
find the volume of the drainage pipe by adding the thickness of the pipe. The report also needs to be
provided to complete this task.

3.0 Objective

The main objectives of this study are as follows:

● To develop the ability to apply the mathematical ways of thinking and reasoning to the
engineering field
● To enhance the understanding of the application of double integrals to cylinder object
● To calculate the volume of the new drainage for water run smoothly and not leaked.

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4.0 Literature

This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive of the existing research on new existing
of drainage that have problem about flow of water and leaking problem because of the pressure
of water that flow. So our group decided to make the outlet of the pipe more thicker to make sure
the new pipe can hold the pressure of the water. To solve this problem, we using engineering
mathematics equation to solve this problem. First thing first, we make the outlet of the old pipe
more thicker to make sure that the new pipe can accept water pressure that flow. By solving this
problem, We can see that many civil engineering problems can be solved by using engineering
mathematics.

Applications using Engineering Mathematics:

By applying engineering mathematics in another civil engineering subject it shows that any
problem that involves calculations, for example to defy the area can be done by engineering
mathematics.

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5.0 Methodology

A methodology report is a vital section of a research project that outlines the specific methods
used to conduct the study. There are some elements in a methodology report, among them are
research design, data collection, calculation and data analysis.

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6.0 Calculation

➔ The calculation before the pipe is thickened

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➔ The calculation after the pipe was thickened

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7.0 Discussion

This analysis was carried out to determine the size of pipe that is suitable to hold the
water pressure for privately owned properties such as houses. The use of pipe drains has not been
common in Malaysia in the past. This can be attributed to several factors such as pipe drains
have only limited capacity, compared with large open drains. Because of that, it is difficult to
provide sufficient inlet capacity to ensure that the pipe capacity is fully utilised. Moreover, pipes
are more difficult to clear if blocked and the design procedures are significantly more complex
than the design procedures for open drains.

On top of that, the pipe needed some improvement. The original inlet of the pipe is 6 cm
while the outlet is 1 cm, but we added 1cm more for the thickness of the pipes that can withstand
more water pressure and water leakage than the previous one. So, the most suitable pipes for
houses are PVC pipes. PVC(polyvinyl chloride) pipe is widely used in residential plumbing
systems due to its affordability, durability and versatility. Of the different types of water pipes,
PVC pipe is one of the most effective options for plumbing systems, making it popular for both
new installations and repairs. PVC pipes are resistant to corrosion, chemicals and UV rays,
making it suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications. PVC pipe is lightweight, making it
easy to handle and install because it requires fewer tools and fittings compared to other pipe
materials.

In summary, the double integration method provides the mathematical foundation

necessary because we do not need to convert the complete equation into one variable for double
integral. Instead, we can integrate the function with respect to two variables also. This is very
helpful in the case of functions where we are provided with only one function and no relationship
between the variables is defined.

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8.0 Conclusion

The pipelines of Bestari residents are actually sufficient for all residents to utilise everyday
without any issue, according to this analysis. The inlet are 6 cm, outlet 1 cm but we added 1 cm
more to make it thicker so it can withstand the water pressure and prevent leakage. Improvement
must be made to ease our daily life. Improvements also offer numerous benefits across various
context, enhancing efficiency, quality, and satisfaction. Whether in technology, processes, or
personal development, improvement foster innovation, optimize outcomes, and drive continuos
growth.

Moreover, double integrated was the method that we used for the data. Using the method, we
were able to calculate the volume of the new pipes. This is very helpful in the case of functions
where we are provided with only one function and no relationship between the variable is
defined. We can actually withstand water pressure better than before by taking into all of the
relevant criteria such as thickness of pipes, kind of building, and total number of occupants.

As a result, this pipe can withstand water pressure much better for the residents. Because we
know that other circumstances might give effects in the shortage of pipe leakage, we must act
swiftly to prevent it such as build the pipe from high quality materials, fix any pipe issues as fast
as possible, and perform weekly routine maintenance. Finally, the goal of studying are to
improving our understanding in using triple integral method and calculating the volume required
for the pipe thickness to withstand water pressure throughout the entire Bestari residents building
was a success.

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9.0 FILA TABLE

TABLE 9.0 : Fila table

LEARNING
FACTS IDEAS ACTION PLAN
ISSUES

How to determine Refer internet

The problem of a By referring initial
the volume of the (website) to find
thickness drainage condition, to
drainage if diameter thickness
pipe that is to thin increase the
of thickness drainage
makes it difficult to diameter of the
drainage pipe specifications.
withstand too much thickness drainage
increase?
water pressure. pipe.

How to determine • Referring to the

The specification of Conclude the diameter
the radius of the drainage thickness
diameter of thickness will be used to
cylinder for an inner = 20 mm. • Subtract
drainage that need to determine the radius
part? the outer diameter
increase their for the inner part
with 2 times the
thickness of drainage cylinder as water just
thickness, for both
is 20 mm and will be filled in the
sides and divide by
diameter of the inner cylinder part.
two to get the radius.
drainage 120 mm.

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 • How to develop • Refer to Civil
Sketch the cylinder The information will
the Double Engineering
in 2D graph(x,y) be used to develop
Integrals equation? Mathematic III
and 3D graph Double Integrals in
module under topic
(x,y,z). Cylindrical
Double Integrals in
Coordinates (r, 𝜃,)
Cylindrical
Volume,
Coordinate.
V = ʃʃdV • Calculate volume of
cylinder using double
= ʃʃ𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃
integrals.

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10.0 Reference

Double integrals in polar form - volume of a right circular cylinder (f(x,y) over a
circle) (2015) YouTube. Available at: https://youtu.be/nvVdiMlDoNA (Accessed: 23
June 2024).

Abd Wahid Md Raji, Phang, C. and Phang, P. (2006) Engineering mathematics III:
Learning Modul BSM2913. Batu Pahat: Penerbit Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun
Hussein Onn.

Math insight (no date) Double integrals as volume - Math Insight. Available at:
https://mathinsight.org/double_integral_volume (Accessed: 23 June 2024).

15.2 double integrals in cylindrical coordinates. Available at:

https://www.whitman.edu/mathematics/calculus_online/section15.02.html (Accessed: 23
June 2024).

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11.0 Appendix

Group 7

Date: 15 JUNE 2024

Meeting: Whatsapp group platform to discuss about project updates, task

assignments, problem solving, resources and references

Group Member :

1) Muhammad Zareet bin Muhamad Zul (CF230068)

2) Muhammad Irsyad bin Mohammad Sidek (CF230163)

3) Asnawi Hakim bin Azaman (CF230131)

4) Muhammad Faiz bin Azman (CF230231)

5) Muhammad Razief bin Rameli (CF230224)

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 Group 7

Date: 18 JUNE 2024

Time: 9:30pm – 10pm

Meeting : Discuss About project and task distribution

Group Member :

1) Muhammad Zareet bin Muhamad Zul (CF230068)

2) Muhammad Irsyad bin Mohammad Sidek (CF230163)

3) Asnawi Hakim bin Azaman (CF230131)

4) Muhammad Faiz bin Azman (CF230231)

5) Muhammad Razief bin Rameli (CF230224)

Task Distribution :

Introduction, Problem Faiz

Statement

Objective, Literature Zareet

Methodology, Calculation Razief

Discussion, Conclusion Irsyad

Fila Table Asnawi

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