GROUP 8

OUR LADY OF LOURDES[ PART 1]

SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL
Competitive teams master six basic skills: serve, pass, set, block, attack, and dig. Each of these
skills includes several specific techniques that has been introduced for over the years.
OFFICIATING THE GAME AND GAME OFFICIALS
The refereeing corps in a match is composed of the following officials: first referee, second referee, scorer,
four (two) line judges.

GROUP 8
[ PART 2]
OUR LADY OF LOURDES
Avril- SERVE:
 A serve is called an ace when the ball lands directly onto the court or travels outside the
court after being touched by an opponent.
A player stands behind the inline and serves the ball in an attempt to drive it to the opponent’s
court.
The main goal is to make it land inside the court; it is also desirable to set the ball’s direction,
speed, and acceleration so that it will be difficult to for the receiver to manage it properly.

MARGA-
Common types of services:
1.) Underhand serve – the player strikes the ball below the waist instead of throwing it
up and striking it with an overhand throwing motion. These serves are considered
extremely easy to receive.

2.) Topspin – the player tosses the ball high and hit it with a wrist span. It helps support
a straight flight path. These kinds of serves are hit hard and aimed at the specific
returner or path of the court.

3.) Float – the ball is hit with no spin so that its path becomes unpredictable.

4.) Jump serve – an overhand serve where the ball is first tossed high enough in the air,
then the player makes a timed approach and jumps to contact the ball, hitting it with a
topspin. This is the most popular serve amongst college and professional players.

5.) Jump float – also an overhand serve where the ball is tossed high enough that the
player may jump before hitting it similar to a standing float serve. The ball is tossed
lower than a topspin jump serves, but contact is still made while in the air. These kinds
of serve are becoming more popular among college and professional players because it
has unpredictability in its flight.

Ball spins

AVRIL- These are some indications how a ball produces spin when it was hit:
 The ball spins to the left when hit on the right.
 The ball spins to the right when hit on the left.
 Backspin when the ball was hit under.
 Topspin shows that the ball was hit on the top.
 : No spin happens when the ball was hit dead center.

MARGA- PASS:
 It is also called reception, is the attempt of the team to effectively manage the
opponent’s serve or any form of attack. The skill of passing involves fundamentally two
species of technique:
 1.) Underarm pass or bump – this is when the ball touches the inside part of the joined
forearms or platform at a waistline.
2.) Overhand pass – this is when the ball is overseen by the fingertips, like a set, above
the head. This is acceptable to both professionals and beach volleyball.

AVRIL- SET:
 The set is usually the second contact that the team makes with the ball.
 The main goal of setting is to put the ball in the air in such way that it can be driven by
an attack into the opponent’s court.
 The setter coordinates the offensive movements of the team.

MARGA- ATTACK:
 Also called spike, usually the third contact a player makes with the ball. The main goal of
attacking is to manage the ball so that it lands on the opponent’s court and cannot be
defended. A player makes a series of steps (the “approach”), jumps, and swings the ball.


A bounce is a term for an extremely hard or loud spike that follows an almost straight trajectory
downward into the opponent’s court and bounces extremely high on the air.

A kill is the term of an attack that is not returned by the other team, thus resulting in a point.

AVRIL- BLOCK:
 Refers to the action taken by the player standing at the net to stop or alter the
opponent’s attack.

1.) Offensive blocking – performed by jumping and reaching to penetrate with one’s
arms and hands over the net and into the opponent’s area. This requires predicting
the direction of the ball once the attack takes place. This may also require
calculating the best footwork in executing the best block.
 2.) Defensive/ soft block – the goal of this is to control and deflect the hard driven ball
so that it slows down and becomes easier to be defended. A well-executed soft
block is performed by jumping, placing one’s hands above the net with no
penetration into the opponent’s court and with the palms up and fingers pointing
backwards.

 It may be categorized according to the number of players involved.

It may be single (or solo), double, or triple block.

MARGA- DIG:
 Ability to prevent the ball from touching one’s court after an attack or spike, particularly
a ball that is nearly touching this skill is comparable to passing or bumping: overhand dig
and bump are also used to distinguish between defensive actions taken by fingertips or
joined arms. It is especially important while digging for players to stay on their toes;
several payers choose to employ a split step to make sure they are ready to move in any
direction.
FIRST AND SECOND REFEREE:

 Only the first and second referee blows a whistle during the match: the first referee
gives the signal for the service to begin the rally; the first or seconds referee signals the
end of the rally, provided that they are sure that a fault has been committed and they
have to identify its nature.
They may blow the whistle when the ball is out of play to show that they authorize or
reject a team request.

Immediately after the referee’s whistle to signal the completion of the rally, they have to
show with the official hand signal: if the fault is whistle by the first referee, he/she will
write down an order:

a.) the team to serve,

b.) The nature of the fault,
c.) The player(s) at fault.

If the second referee whistles the fault:

a.) the nature of the fault,

b.) the player at fault (if necessary),
c.) the team to serve following the hand signal of the first referee.

In this case, the first referee does not show either the nature of the fault or the player at
fault, but only the team to serve. In case of a double faults, both referees write down an
order:

a.) The nature of the fault,

b.) The players at fault (if necessary).

Here are some differences between the first and second referees:

A. FIRST REFEREE:
 1. stands on the referee stand
2. also referred to as “up official”, “head referee”, or “R1.”
3. whistles any violations
4. whistles the mishandling the ball
5. signals the ball
6. give sanctions to players
7. has the ability to overrule any official

B. SECOND REFEREE:
1. stands on the ground
2. also referred to as “down official”, “umpire”, or “R2.”
3. keeps the time or responsible for time keeping
4. helps the first referee
5. communicates with the score keepers
6. watches teams for overlaps during the serve
7. handles situations, time outs, and switching sides of the net

SCORER:
 They perform the functions seated at the scorer’s table on the opposite side of the
court from and facing the first referee. He/she keeps the score sheet according to the
rules, cooperating with the second referee. He/she uses the buzzer or other sound
device to notify irregularities or to give signals to the referees on the basis of the
responsibilities.

During the match, the scorer does the followings:

1. Records the points scored.

2. Controls the serving order of each team and writes down any error to the referees at
once after the service hit.

3. Acknowledges and announces requests for player substitutions by use of the buzzer,
controlling their number and records the substitutions and time-outs, informing the
second referee.

4. Notifies the referees of a request for regular game interruption that is out of order.

5. Announces to the referees the ends of the sets and the scoring of the eighth point in
the deciding set.

6. Records misconduct warnings, sanctions, and improper requests.

 7. Records all other events as instructed by the second referee, i.e... exceptional
substitutions, recovery time, prolonged interruptions. external interference,
redesignation, etc.

8. Controls the interval between sets.

At the end of the match, the scorer records the final result. In the case of protest, with
the earlier authorization of the first referee, the scorer writes or allows the team/game
captain to write on the score sheet a statement on the incident being protested. He/she
signs the score sheet before obtaining the signatures of the team captains and then the
referees.

Assistant Scorer:

 The assistant scorer performs the functions seated beside the scorer at the scorer's
table. He/she records the replacements involve the scorer He/she aids with the
administrative duties of their substitutes for the score. Prior to the match and set, the
assistant scorer prepares the libero control sheet and the reserve score sheet.

During the match, the assistant scorer does the following:

1. Records the details of the libero replacements or redesignation.

2. Notifies the referees of any fault of the libero replacement, by using the buzzer
3. Starts and ends the timing of technical time-outs
4. Uses the manual scoreboard on the scorer's table
5. Checks that the scoreboards agree
6. If necessary, updates the reserve score sheet and gives it to the scorer.

At the end of the match, the assistant scorer signs the libero control sheet and gives it
for checking, then signs the score sheet. For FIVB World League and official
competitions that use an e-score sheet, the assistant scorer acts with the scorer to
announce the substitutions and to show the libero replacements.
Line Judges

If only two-line judges are present or employed, they will stand at the corners of the
court closest to the right hand of each referee, diagonally at 1-2 m from the corner. Each
one of them controls both the end line and sideline on the side. For FIVB World League
and official competitions, it is compulsory to have four (4) line judges. They stand in the
free zone at 1-3 m from each corner of the court, on the imaginary extension of the line
that they control. During the match, the line judges perform their functions by using
flags (40 cm x 40 cm) to signal the following:

1. The ball "in" and "out" whenever the ball lands near their line(s)

2. The touches of "out" balls by the team receiving the ball

3. The ball touching the antenna, the served ball and the third hit of the team crossing
the net outside the crossing space.

4. Any player (except the server) stepping outside of the court at the moment of the
service hit.

5. The foot faults of the server

6. Any contact with the top 80 cm of the antenna on their side of the court by any
player during the action of playing the ball or interfering with the pla

7. The ball crossing the net outside the crossing space into the opponent's court or
touching the antenna on the side of the court.

At the first referee's request, a line judge must repeat the signal.

Line Judge's Signals

1. Ball is “in.”
 Point down with the flag at a 45-degree angle.
 Used when the ball touches the playing court, including the boundary lines.
 Signaled by the line judge who controls the line nearest to where the ball
touches the floor.

2. Ball is “out.”
 Point straight up with the flag.
 Used when the part of the ball that touches floor lands completely outside
the boundary lines.
 Used to show the ball touching an object outside the court, the ceiling, or a
person out of play.
 Used to show the ball touching the ropes, posts or net itself outside the side
bands.
 Signaled by the line judge who controls the line nearest to where the ball
touches the floor.

3. Ball is “out” after contact with a player.

 Raise the flag and touch the top of the flag with the palm of the free hand.
 •Used when the ball is touched by the blocker(s) or a player of the
receiving/defending team and then touches the floor outside of the
boundary lines on the same side OR when a team has played the ball, and it
lands out on their own side.
 Signaled by the line judge who controls the line nearest to where the ball
touches the floor.

4. Ball is outside the antenna, service line fault; obtains referees attention.
 Wave the flag over the head and point to the antenna or the respective end
line.
 Used when the ball crosses the vertical plane of the net outside the crossing
space into the opponent's court or it touches net features outside the side
band OR when the server faults OR when a player is outside their own court
at the moment of the service hit.
 Signaled by the line judge who controls the line where the infraction takes
place.

5. Impossible to judge.
 Raise and cross both arms and hands in front of the chest.
 Used when the line judge is unable to evaluate a fault within their district.
 Signal must be given without delay at the exact moment the line judge
realizes an event cannot be judged (taking into consideration referee corps
communication).