Alpha 1 & Ceruloplasmin
Alpha 1 & Ceruloplasmin
Alpha 1 & Ceruloplasmin
NEPHELOMETRY
ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN, SERUM
ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN 227.00 High 84 - 163 mg/dL
METHOD : NEPHELOMETRY, IMMUNONEPHELOMETRY
Interpretation(s)
ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN, SERUM-Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) is a protease inhibitor and is also referred to as alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) because it inhibits a wide
variety of proteases. It protects tissues from enzymes of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophil elastase.
Under normal conditions AAT levels remain constant throughout life. Levels are slightly higher in women in childbearing years and in elderly individuals of both sexes.
In inflammatory or necrotic processes, serum AAT levels begin to rise after approximately 24 hours and peak at 3-4 days if the insult is acute and short lived. Its
concentration can rise manyfold upon acute inflammation. The synthesis of AAT is also stimulated by estrogens elevated levels are seen particularly during late pregnancy
and during estrogen therapy. Neonates have higher levels, possibly because of maternal estrogen.
AAT levels are decreased with genetic deficiency, increased use, and urinary or gastrointestinal loss.
References
1. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, edited by Carl A Burtis, Edward R.Ashwood, David E Bruns, 4th Edition, Elsevier publication, 2006, 550-552.
2. Wallach’s Interpretation of Diagnostic tests, 9th Edition, Ed Mary A Williamson and L Michael Snyder. Pub Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2011, 36-37.
**End Of Report**
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Page 1 Of 4
1. It is presumed that the test sample belongs to the 5. The results of a laboratory test are dependent on
patient named or identified in the test requisition form. the quality of the sample as well as the assay
2. All Tests are performed and reported as per the technology.
turnaround time stated in the SRL Directory of services 6. Result delays could be because of uncontrolled
(DOS). circumstances. e.g. assay run failure.
3. SRL confirms that all tests have been performed or 7. Tests parameters marked by asterisks are excluded
assayed with highest quality standards, clinical safety & from the “scope" of NABL accredited tests. (If
technical integrity. laboratory is accredited).
4. A requested test might not be performed if: 8. Laboratory results should be correlated with clinical
a. Specimen received is insufficient or inappropriate information to determine Final diagnosis.
specimen quality is unsatisfactory 9. Test results are not valid for Medico- legal purposes.
b. Incorrect specimen type 10. In case of queries or unexpected test results please
c. Request for testing is withdrawn by the ordering call at SRL customer care (91115 91115). Post proper
doctor or patient investigation repeat analysis may be carried out.
d. There is a discrepancy between the label on the
specimen container and the name on the test
requisition form
SRL Limited
Fortis Hospital, Sector 62, Phase VIII,
Mohali 160062
Page 2 Of 4
BIO CHEMISTRY
CERULOPLASMIN, SERUM
CERULOPLASMIN 0.34 0.20 - 0.60 g/L
METHOD : NEPHELOMETRY
Interpretation(s)
CERULOPLASMIN, SERUM-Ceruloplasmin, a late acute phase reactant is the principal Copper containing protein of plasma. The most important clinical application of
Ceruloplasmin is in the diagnosis of Wilson''''''''''''''''s disease, where concentrations of Ceruloplasmin are reduced. On a pathochemical level, the disease, which is
accompanied by reduced ceruloplasmin synthesis, occurs as a consequence of missing Cu(2+) incorporation into the molecule due to defective metallothionein. This results in
pathological deposits of copper in the liver (with accompanying development of cirrhosis), brain (with neurological symptoms), cornea (Kayser-Fleischer ring), and kidneys
(hematuria, proteinuria, aminoaciduria). In homozygous carriers, ceruloplasmin levels are severely depressed. Heterozygous carriers exhibit either no decrease at all or just a
mild decrease.
The rare Menkes syndrome is a genetically caused copper absorption disorder with concomitant lowering of the ceruloplasmin level. Protein loss syndromes and liver cell
failures are the most important causes of acquired ceruloplasmin depressions.
Low levels of Ceruloplasmin may also be found in malnutrition, malabsorption, nephrosis and severe liver disease. Ceruloplasmin is itself affected by infections and liver
function. Birth control pills increase Ceruloplasmin, so does pregnancy.
Cautions
Ceruloplasmin levels are affected by infections (ceruloplasmin is a late acute phase reactant) and liver function.
Page 3 Of 4
1. It is presumed that the test sample belongs to the 5. The results of a laboratory test are dependent on
patient named or identified in the test requisition form. the quality of the sample as well as the assay
2. All Tests are performed and reported as per the technology.
turnaround time stated in the SRL Directory of services 6. Result delays could be because of uncontrolled
(DOS). circumstances. e.g. assay run failure.
3. SRL confirms that all tests have been performed or 7. Tests parameters marked by asterisks are excluded
assayed with highest quality standards, clinical safety & from the “scope" of NABL accredited tests. (If
technical integrity. laboratory is accredited).
4. A requested test might not be performed if: 8. Laboratory results should be correlated with clinical
a. Specimen received is insufficient or inappropriate information to determine Final diagnosis.
specimen quality is unsatisfactory 9. Test results are not valid for Medico- legal purposes.
b. Incorrect specimen type 10. In case of queries or unexpected test results please
c. Request for testing is withdrawn by the ordering call at SRL customer care (91115 91115). Post proper
doctor or patient investigation repeat analysis may be carried out.
d. There is a discrepancy between the label on the
specimen container and the name on the test
requisition form
SRL Limited
Fortis Hospital, Sector 62, Phase VIII,
Mohali 160062
Page 4 Of 4