2023-2024 AKADEMİK YILI

GÜZ DÖNEMİ

Elektrik Makinalarının Dinamik Analizi

Ders Sorumlusu:
Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Mustafa DURSUN

VECTOR CONTROL OF A DOUBLY FED

ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR.

Preparer:
Mouna Mallouk

Student N:
2245023025
 Abstract_ This research article presents the comprehensive design and implementation of a vector control
scheme for a Double Fed Induction Motor (DFIM) using MATLAB Simulink. The design encompasses the
initialization of parameters, construction of necessary blocks including the motor and three-phase inputs, and
the incorporation of control strategies and transformations. Key elements such as abc to dq transformation, dp
to DQ transformation, and PI controllers for current regulation are thoroughly detailed. The simulation results
are analyzed using a "Monitor" subsystem which tracks nine critical signals. The system's effectiveness is
validated through extensive simulation, demonstrating the DFIM's enhanced performance under vector control.

I. INTRODUCTION

Vector control, or field-oriented control (FOC), is a sophisticated control technique for AC

motors, providing dynamic performance comparable to that of DC motors. This method allows
for the independent control of the motor's flux and torque, making it ideal for high-performance
applications. This paper outlines the step-by-step design and implementation of a DFIM vector
control system in MATLAB Simulink, covering all essential components and strategies
required for effective motor control.

II. PARAMETER INITIALISATION

The parameters for the DFIM and control scheme are initialized in the MATLAB workspace
to ensure consistency and accuracy throughout the simulation. Belowe the giving table
summorize all necessary initialisation parameters used in the project.

Parameter Name Mathematical Expression Unit

Stator Frequency 𝑓 = 50 Hz
Stator Power 𝑃𝑠 = 2 × 106 W
Rotational Speed 𝑛 = 1500𝑛 Rev/min
Stator Voltage 𝑉𝑠 = 690 V
Stator Current 𝐼𝑠 = 1760 A
Electromagnetic Torque 𝑇𝑒𝑚 = 12732 N.m
Number of Pole Pairs 𝑝=2
Stator/Rotor Turns Ratio 𝑢 = 1/3
Rotor Voltage 𝑉𝑟 = 2070 V
Maximum Slip 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1/3
Rotor Voltage Referred to 𝑉𝑟_𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 = (𝑉𝑟. 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥) ⋅ 𝑢 V
Stator
Stator Resistance 𝑅𝑠 = 2.6 × 10−03 Ω
Stator and rotor Leakage 𝐿𝑠𝑖 = 0.087 × 10−03 H
Inductance
Magnetizing Inductance 𝐿𝑚 = 2.5 × 10−03 H
Rotor Resistance Referred 𝑅𝑟 = 2.9 × 10−03 Ω
to Stator
Stator Inductance 𝐿𝑠 = 𝐿𝑚 + 𝐿𝑠𝑖 H
Rotor Inductance 𝐿𝑟 = 𝐿𝑚 + 𝐿𝑠𝑖 H
DC Bus Voltage referred to 𝑉𝑏𝑢𝑠 = 𝑉𝑟𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 . 𝑠𝑞𝑟𝑡(2) V
stator
Leakage Factor 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑎 = 1 − 𝐿𝑚2 /(𝐿𝑠. 𝐿𝑟)

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 Stator Flux 2 Wb
𝐹𝑠 = 𝑉𝑠 ⋅ 𝑠𝑞𝑟𝑡( )/(2𝜋. 𝑓)
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Inertia 𝐽 = 127 kg·m²
Damping Factor 𝐷 = 1. 10−03 N·m·s
Switching Frequency 𝑓𝑠𝑤 = 4000 Hz
Sampling Time 𝑇𝑠 = 1/𝑓𝑠𝑤/50 s
Time Constant for Id 𝑡𝑎𝑢_𝑖 = (𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑎 ∗ 𝐿𝑟)/𝑅𝑟 s
Time Constant for N 𝑡𝑎𝑢_𝑛 = 0.05 s
Natural Frequency for Id 𝑤𝑛𝑖 = 100 ∗ (1/𝑡𝑎𝑢_𝑖) rad/s
Natural Frequency for N 𝜔𝑛𝑛 = 𝑤𝑛𝑛 = 1/𝑡𝑎𝑢_𝑛 rad/s
Prootional gain for d-axis 𝐾𝑝_𝑖𝑑 = (2 ∗ 𝑤𝑛𝑖 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑎 ∗ 𝐿𝑟) − 𝑅𝑟
current controller.
Integral gain for d-axis 𝐾𝑖_𝑖𝑑 = (𝑤𝑛𝑖^2) ∗ 𝐿𝑟 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑎
current controller
Proportional Gain for q-axis 𝐾𝑝_𝑖𝑞 = 𝐾𝑝_𝑖𝑑
current controller
Integral gain for q-axis 𝐾𝑖_𝑖𝑞 = 𝐾𝑖_𝑖𝑑
current controller.
Proportional gain for the 𝐾𝑝_𝑛 = (2 ∗ 𝑤𝑛𝑛 ∗ 𝐽)/𝑝
speed controller.
Integral gain for the speed 𝐾𝑖_𝑛 = ((𝑤𝑛𝑛^2) ∗ 𝐽)/𝑝
controller.

Table.1. Parameters and Equations for Double-Fed Induction Motor (DFIM) Control
System.

III. IMPLEMANTATİON İN SİMULİNK

A. Genreral backround

The General Supply Configuration of a Doubly Fed Induction Motor (DFIM) typically
involves a power supply arrangement that incorporates a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)
setup. In this configuration, the stator windings of the induction motor are directly connected
to the grid, while the rotor windings are connected through a power electronic converter, known
as the back-to-back converter.

The back-to-back converter consists of two converters: the rotor-side converter (RSC) and
the grid-side converter (GSC). These converters allow control over the rotor currents and
consequently provide control over the motor's torque and speed. This arrangement enables
variable speed operation and enhances the motor's performance, making it suitable for
applications such as wind turbines and variable speed drives.

Explaining the operation of the grid converter fed input motor involves understanding
how the power flows between the motor and the grid. The grid converter, or grid-side converter
(GSC), interfaces between the motor and the grid. Its primary function is to control the

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exchange of active and reactive power between the motor and the grid. It accomplishes this by
regulating the voltage and frequency at the motor terminals.

When the motor operates in a motoring mode (generating torque to drive a load), the grid
converter controls the power flow from the grid to the motor. It adjusts the voltage and
frequency at the motor terminals to maintain the desired speed and torque. In this mode, the
grid converter might also provide reactive power support to the motor, enhancing its power
factor and improving overall system efficiency.

Conversely, when the motor operates in a generating mode (acting as a generator, such as in
regenerative braking or wind energy extraction), the grid converter controls the power flow
from the motor to the grid. It adjusts the voltage and frequency at the motor terminals to
synchronize with the grid and deliver power back to the grid. In this mode, the grid converter
ensures that the power generated by the motor is in phase and synchronized with the grid,
maintaining grid stability and quality.

Overall, the grid converter plays a crucial role in enabling efficient and flexible operation of
the motor, allowing it to seamlessly interact with the grid while meeting the dynamic
requirements of various applications.

Fig.1. General supply configuration of DFIM

B. Implementation of the design

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 Fig.2. Supply of DFIM in SIMULINK without control feed back

C. Coordinate Transformations in DFIM Control

In the field-oriented control (FOC) of Double-Fed Induction Motors (DFIM), coordinate

transformations are crucial for decoupling the torque and flux control. These transformations
convert the three-phase (ABC) stator and rotor quantities into a two-phase (DQ) rotating
reference frame and vice versa. Additionally, transformations between different DQ frames
facilitate various control strategies and analyses. This section explains four key transformations
used in DFIM control: ABC to DQ, DQ to ABC, DQ to d/q, and d/q to DQ, along with their
mathematical expressions and objectives.

Fig.3. Transformations used in DFIM Control

1) abc to DQ Transformation

The objectife of this trasnformation, Converts three-phase stator or rotor quantities (currents or
voltages) in the stationary reference frame to a two-phase rotating reference frame. This
simplifies the control of AC motors by decoupling the torque and flux components, The
corresponding Simulink block for ABC to DQ transformation including matematical
expressions is shown in the figure below.

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 Fig.4. Subsystem of abc to DQ Transformation

2) DQ to ABC Transformation

The objectife of this trasnformation is the convertiono of two-phase quantities in the rotating
DQ reference frame back to three-phase quantities in the stationary reference frame. This is
essential for generating the actual three-phase voltages or currents to be applied to the motor.
The corresponding Simulink block for this transformation including matematical expressions
is shown in the figure below.

Fig.5. Subsystem of D/Q to abc Transformation

3. DQ to d/q Transformation

The objectife of this trasnformation is the convertiono of quantities from one rotating DQ
reference frame to another rotating d/q reference frame. This is useful in control strategies
where multiple rotating reference frames are employed, such as in the decoupling of stator and
rotor fluxes. The corresponding Simulink block for this transformation including matematical
expressions is shown in the figure below.

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 Fig.6. Subsystem of D/Q to d/q Transformation

4. d/q to DQ Transformation

The objectife of this trasnformation is the convertiono of quantities from a secondary rotating
d/q reference frame back to the primary rotating DQ reference frame. This transformation is
important when reverting to the original reference frame after certain control actions or
analyses. The corresponding Simulink block for this transformation including matematical
expressions is shown in the figure below.

Fig.7. Subsystem of d/q to D/Q Transformation

D. PI control system

In a Doubly Fed Induction Motor (DFIM) system, the current control loops play a vital role
in regulating the currents in both the rotor and stator windings. These control loops ensure
precise control over the motor's torque, speed, and reactive power, enabling efficient and stable
operation across a wide range of operating conditions.

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 Fig.8. DFIM final block system controller

Fig.9. Current controll loops of the DFIM

As shown in Figure 8 presening the simulink modulation of the Current control loops of the
DFIM shown in Fig 9. The detayled control block is shown in the figure 10.

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 Fig.10. Genral SIMULINK blcok model DFIM Controll

Rotor Current Control Loop: The rotor current control loop is responsible for regulating
the currents in the rotor windings of the DFIM. It typically employs a Proportional-Integral (PI)
controller or more advanced control techniques such as Vector Control. The goal of this loop is
to control the rotor currents to achieve the desired torque and speed of the motor. By adjusting
the rotor currents, the control loop can effectively regulate the motor's electromagnetic torque
production, enabling smooth acceleration, deceleration, and precise speed control.

Stator Current Control Loop: The stator current control loop regulates the currents in the
stator windings of the DFIM. Like the rotor current control loop, it often utilizes a PI controller
or Vector Control techniques. The primary objective of this loop is to maintain the desired stator
currents to achieve optimal motor performance and efficiency. By controlling the stator
currents, the control loop can manage the motor's power factor, minimize losses, and ensure
stable operation under varying load conditions.

IV. SİMULATİON AND RESULTS

The simulation is run using the configured Simulink model. The key signals monitored.These
signals are analyzed using a scope designed as a subsystem named "Monitor" as shown in this
figure.

Subsystem Monitor of the 9 input signals connected to the scope.

The scope block captures and displays the following 9 signals:

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1. 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
2. 𝑖𝑞
3. 𝑣𝑑
4. 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒
5. 𝑖𝑑
6. 𝑣𝑞
7. 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑉𝑠)
8. 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝐼𝑠)
9. 𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝐼𝑟)

Fig.11. Scope grafs for 9 input signals.

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 Fig.12. Simulation control at 𝑇𝑚 = 0.

Fig.1. Change of the value of motor input Torque 𝑇𝑚.

After we set the torque at 𝑇𝑚 = 𝑇𝑒𝑚 ∗ 0.25 = 3183 N.m. In practical applications, the
torque experienced by the motor is often a fraction of the maximum electromagnetic torque
(Tem). This fraction is determined by the specific load conditions and the desired operating
point of the motor.Setting Tm=Tem×0.25T_m = T_{em} \times 0.25Tm=Tem×0.25 implies
that the motor operates under 25% of its maximum electromagnetic torque, which might be
representative of typical operating conditions or specific test scenarios.

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Fig.2. Simulation control at 25 % of the rated torque.

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 V. CONCLUSİON

The FOC of a DFIM using MATLAB Simulink provides a powerful approach for controlling
motor performance. The detailed design and simulation steps outlined in this article offer a
robust framework for implementing and analyzing DFIM control systems. Future work can
extend this study to include advanced control strategies and real-time implementation.

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