Discourse

Discourse Analysis
One form of written language that is useful to convey knowledge to

the people is discourse. A discourse should have requisite as a good text.
In a discourse, there are many sentences which have to be united and
stick together. With the help of cohesive devices, the discourse is able to
have good unity in connecting between sentences. If a discourse has a
good unity, it brings a deep understanding about the content of the
discourse so the reader can easily catch the message that the writer
wants to tell about. Tarigan in Alwi (1993:122) states that discourse is an
arrangement of language that is more complete and bigger than a
sentence enriched by cohesion and coherence and it is told by written
and oral. Oral discourse can be formed like an interview, speech,
conversation, dialogue and so on. Meanwhile, written discourse can be
formed like a thesis, journal, daily notes, article, column, poem, novel
.and many more
Discourse analysis deals with the study of the relationship between

language and the context in which it is used (McCarthy, 1991:5).
Discourse analysis is concerned with the analysis of language in use.
There are three views of discourse analysis, namely sentence as object,
text as product and discourse as process (Brown and Yule, 1983:196).
Since this research concerns with article as printed text, the researcher
uses the second view, text as product. In this view, Brown and Yule
(1983:196) state that there are producers and receivers of sentences or
extended texts, but the analysis concentrates solely on the product, that
is words on the page. The analysis of the printed text itself does not
involve any consideration on how the product is produced or how it is
received. The approach used in text as product view is the cohesion view
.of the relationship between sentences in a printed text
The term discourse analysis is also called “ the study of

conversation” the integration of sociology is of vital importance to
science of texts since it has developed an interest in the analysis of
conversation as a mode of social and interaction (Beaugrande and
Dressler. 1988). Stubbs, (1993) defined discourse analysis as the
analysis of language beyond the sentence boundaries. This contrast with
types of analysis more typical of modern linguistic, which are chiefly
concerned with the study of grammar : the study of smaller bits of
language, such as sounds (phonetics and phonology), parts of words
(morphology), meaning (semantics) , and the order of words in
sentences (syntax). Discourse analysis is concerned with “the use of
language in a running discourse, continued over a number of sentences,
and involving the interaction of speaker (or writer ) and within a frame
work of social and cultural convention” (Abrams and Harpham, A
.Glossary of literary terms, 2005)
Discourse analysis has been described as an interdisciplinary study

of discourse within linguistic, thought it has also been adopted (and
adapted) by researchers in numerous other fields in the social sciences.
Theoretical perspectives and approaches used in discourse analysis in
clued the following: applied linguistics, conversation analysis,
pragmatics, rhetoric, stylistics, and text linguistics, among many others.
The first linguist to refer discourse analysis was Zelling Harris. In 1952, he
investigating the connectedness of sentences, naming his study
‘discourse analysis’ Harris claimed explicitly that discourse is the next
level in a hierarchy of morphemes, clauses and sentences. He viewed
discourse analysis procedurally as a formal methodology, derived from
structural methods of linguistic analysis: such as methodology could
break a text down into relationships (such as equivalence, substitution)
among it is lower. Level constituents. Structural was so central to Harris's
view of discourse that he also argued that what opposes discourse to a
random sequence of sentences is precisely the fact it has structure: a
.pattern by which segments of the discourse occur relative to each other

Discourse

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Discourse Analysis

One form of written language that is useful to convey knowledge to

Discourse analysis deals with the study of the relationship between

The term discourse analysis is also called “ the study of

Discourse analysis has been described as an interdisciplinary study

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