BPAG-173

BACHELOR OF ARTS

(General and Honours)

ASSIGNMENT

For the students enrolled in

July 2023 and January 2024 sessions

COURSE CODE: BPAG-173

ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCE

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
MAIDAN GARHI, NEW DELHI-110068
 DearStudent,
As we have informed you in the Programme Guide, evaluation at IGNOU consists of two parts: i) continuous
evaluation through assignments, and ii) term-end examination. In the final result, assignments of a Course
carry 30% weightage while 70% weightage is given for term- end examination.

You will have to do three Tutor Marked Assignments (TMA) for a six credit course and two TMAs for a
four credit course. This Assignment booklet has TMAs for the generic elective course BPAG- 173 –
Electronic Governance, which is a six credit course. The booklet therefore has three TMAs whose total
marks add up to 100 and carry a weightage of 30 %.

Assignment A has Descriptive Category Questions (DCQs). These are meant for writing essay type
answers, with an introduction and a conclusion. These are intended to test your ability to describe your
understanding/knowledge about the topic in a systematic, to-the-point and coherent manner.

Assignment B has Middle Category Questions (MCQs). These questions require you to first analyse the
topic in terms of arguments and explanations and then write the answers in a concise manner. They are
meant to test your ability to distinguish, compare and contrast, or clear understanding of the concepts and
processes.

Assignment C has Short Category Questions (SCQs). These questions are meant to improve your skill of
recall in brief the relevant/precise information about persons, writing, events, or clear understanding of
concepts and processes.

Before you attempt the assignments, please carefully read the instructions provided in the Programme
Guide. It is important that you write the answers to all the TMA questions in your own words. Your answers
should be within the approximate range of the word-limit set for a particular section. Remember, writing
answers to assignment questions will improve your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end
examination.

As mentioned in the Programme Guide, you need to submit all the assignments within the stipulated time
for being eligible to appear in the term-end examination.
Submission of the completed assignments:

Admission batch Last date of Place of submission

submission

For the students enrolled in July 2023 30th April 2024 Coordinator of
the student’s
For the students enrolled in January 31st October 2024 Study Center
2024
You must obtain a receipt from the Study Centre for the submitted assignments and retain it.
If possible, keep a xerox copy of the assignments with you.

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The Study Centre will have to return the assignments to you after they are evaluated. Please
insist on this. The Study Centre has to send the marks to the Student Evaluation Division at
IGNOU, New Delhi.

We expect you to answer each question as per guidelines for each category as mentioned in
the assignment. You will find it useful to keep the following points in mind:

1) Planning: Read the assignments carefully, go through the Units on which they are based.
Make some points regarding each question and then rearrange them in a logical order.

2) Organisation: Be a little selective and analytic before drawing up a rough outline of your
answer. Give adequate attention to your introduction and conclusion.

Make sure that your answer:

a) is logical and coherent;

b) has clear connections between sentences and paragraphs, and

c) is written correctly giving adequate consideration to your expression, style and

presentation.

3) Presentation: Once you are satisfied with your answer, you can write down the final
version for submission, writing each answer neatly and underlining the points you wish to
emphasise. Make sure that the answer is within the stipulated word limit.

Wish you all the best!

Discipline of Public Administration

SoSS, IGNOU, New Delhi

BPAG-173: Electronic Governance

Tutor Marked Assignments

Course Code: BPAG-173 Assignment Code: ASST

/TMA / July 2023 & January 2024

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 Total Marks: 100

Assignment A

Answer the following questions in about 500 words each.

1. Discuss the concept and models of e-governance. 20
2. Describe the concept and significance of e-learning and highlight the features of virtual
learning environment. 20

Assignment B

Answer the following questions in about 250 words each.

3. Explain the components and types of information systems. 10
4. Highlight the features of National Policy on Electronics 2019. 10
5. Discuss the role of Information and Communication Technology applications in rural
development. 10

Assignment C
Answer the following questions in about 100 words each.

6. Examine the role of Geographic Information Systems in decision making. 6

7. Write a note on E-Panchayat. 6
8. Briefly discuss smart cities mission. 6
9. What do you mean by intranet commerce? 6
10. Explain the role civic service centers. 6

Assignment A

Answer the following questions in about 500 words each.

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QUESTION 1.
1. Explain the concept of governance and discuss its various
forms.

ANSWER:

Concept of E-Governance:

E-governance, or electronic governance, is the use of information

and communication technology (ICT) to enhance and support the
delivery of government services, processes, and activities. It
involves the use of digital tools to simplify, streamline, and
improve the efficiency and effectiveness of governance. The
ultimate goal is to create a more accessible, transparent, and
responsive government that can better meet the needs of its
citizens.

In the context of e-governance, there are three main

components:

E-Government (or digital government): This focuses on the use

of ICT to deliver government services to citizens, businesses,
and other government agencies. It includes online services,
electronic transactions, and digital communication channels.

E-Governance: This is a broader concept that encompasses e-

government. E-governance involves the use of technology not only
for service delivery but also for the transformation of internal
government processes, decision-making mechanisms, and overall
governance structures.

E-Democracy: This involves using ICT to enhance citizen

participation in the democratic process. It includes tools and
platforms for online voting, public consultations, and other forms
of civic engagement.

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Models of E-Governance:

Several models of e-governance have been developed to

understand and implement electronic governance effectively.
Here are a few key models:

G2C (Government to Citizen): This model focuses on the delivery

of government services to citizens. Examples include online tax
filing, application for various permits and licenses, and accessing
public information.

G2B (Government to Business): In this model, government

services are delivered to businesses. It includes processes such
as online registration, licensing, and procurement.

G2G (Government to Government): This model involves the use of

technology for communication and transactions between different
government departments and agencies. It aims to improve
coordination and information sharing among various government
entities.

G2E (Government to Employee): E-governance is also used to

streamline internal government processes and improve
communication among government employees. This includes human
resource management systems and digital collaboration tools.

C2G (Citizen to Government): This model emphasizes citizen

participation and interaction with the government. It includes
online feedback mechanisms, public forums, and social media
engagement.

M-Governance (Mobile Governance): With the increasing use of

mobile devices, this model focuses on delivering government
services and information through mobile platforms. It enhances
accessibility and allows citizens to access services on the go.

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Challenges and Considerations:

While e-governance brings numerous benefits, it also presents

challenges. These include concerns about data security, digital
literacy, and the digital divide that may exclude certain
segments of the population. Therefore, successful
implementation of e-governance requires careful planning,
infrastructure development, and continuous evaluation to ensure
inclusivity and efficiency.

In conclusion, e-governance is a transformative concept that

leverages technology to enhance governance processes and citizen
engagement. The various models cater to different aspects of
governance, from service delivery to internal processes and
citizen participation. As technology continues to evolve, e-
governance will play a crucial role in shaping the future of
governance, making it more accessible, efficient, and citizen-
centric.

QUESTION 2.
2. Describe the concept and significance of e-learning and
highlight the features of virtual learning environment.

ANSWER:

E-learning is a broad term that encompasses all forms of

electronically supported learning and teaching. It's essentially
learning facilitated and supported using information and
communication technology. The significance of e-learning lies in
its accessibility, flexibility, and the ability to reach a wide
audience regardless of geographical location.

Now, let's talk about Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs),

which are an integral part of e-learning. A VLE is an online

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platform that facilitates education by providing a range of tools
for teachers and learners. Here are some key features:

 Content Management: VLEs allow educators to upload and

organize learning materials such as documents, videos, and
interactive presentations.
 Communication Tools: They provide various communication
channels, including forums, chat rooms, and messaging
systems, fostering interaction between students and
instructors.
 Assessment and Evaluation: VLEs often include tools for
creating and conducting assessments, quizzes, and
assignments. They can also provide instant feedback to
students.
 Collaboration: Virtual Learning Environments encourage
collaborative learning through features like group
discussions, collaborative document editing, and shared
spaces for projects.
 Flexibility and Accessibility: Learners can access course
materials and participate in activities at their own pace and
from any location with an internet connection, promoting
flexibility and accessibility.
 Tracking and Reporting: VLEs often include features that
allow educators to track student progress, monitor
engagement, and generate reports for assessment
purposes.
 Security and Privacy: Ensuring the security of data and
maintaining the privacy of users is a crucial aspect of VLEs
to create a safe learning environment.

The integration of e-learning and VLEs has revolutionized

education, making it more adaptable to individual learning styles
and accessible to a diverse range of learners.

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 Assignment B

Answer the following questions in about 250 words each.

QUESTION 3.
3. Explain the components and types of information systems.

ANSWER:

Information systems (IS) are organized systems for the

collection, organization, storage, and communication of
information. They play a crucial role in businesses and
organizations, aiding in decision-making, efficiency, and overall
effectiveness. Information systems generally consist of several
components, each serving a specific purpose.

Components of Information Systems:

Hardware: This includes the physical devices and equipment used

to input, process, store, and output data. Examples include
computers, servers, routers, and storage devices.

Software: These are the programs and applications that allow

users to perform specific tasks. Operating systems, database
management systems, and various application software fall under
this category.

Data: Raw facts and figures that need to be processed. Data

can be in the form of text, numbers, images, or multimedia.

Procedures: The methods and rules for using, maintaining, and

updating the information system. This component ensures the
proper functioning and security of the system.

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People: The individuals involved in the operation and use of the
information system. This includes users, IT professionals, and
management.

Networks: The communication channels and connectivity that

allow different components of the information system to
interact. This can include local area networks (LANs), wide area
networks (WANs), and the internet.

Types of Information Systems:

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): Handle routine, day-to-

day business transactions such as order processing and payroll.

Management Information Systems (MIS): Provide middle

managers with reports and information to support decision-
making and planning.

Decision Support Systems (DSS): Assist in complex decision-

making processes by providing interactive information and
analysis tools.

Executive Information Systems (EIS): Support top-level

executives by providing summarized reports and access to
strategic information.

Expert Systems: Utilize artificial intelligence to mimic human

expertise and provide solutions in specific domains.

Understanding these components and types is essential for

designing, implementing, and maintaining effective information
systems tailored to an organization's needs.

QUESTION 4.
4. Highlight the features of National Policy on Electronics 2019.

ANSWER:

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As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, the National
Policy on Electronics (NPE) 2019 is a policy framework developed
by the Government of India to promote the electronics industry
in the country. Please note that there might have been updates
or changes since then. Here are the key features of the National
Policy on Electronics 2019:

Promotion of Electronics Manufacturing: The policy aims to

promote domestic manufacturing of electronics and aims to
position India as a global hub for Electronics System Design and
Manufacturing (ESDM).

Create Employment Opportunities: NPE 2019 envisions creating

a skilled workforce and generating employment opportunities in
the electronics sector. It emphasizes skill development programs
to meet the demands of the industry.

Research and Development (R&D): The policy focuses on

promoting R&D activities in the electronics sector to encourage
innovation and indigenization of electronics products.

Incentives and Support: NPE 2019 outlines various incentives and

support mechanisms to encourage investment in the electronics
manufacturing sector. This includes financial incentives, tax
benefits, and subsidies to attract both domestic and foreign
investments.

Export Promotion: The policy emphasizes increasing India's share

in the global electronics market by promoting exports of
electronics and IT goods and services.

Environmental Sustainability: NPE 2019 recognizes the

importance of environmental sustainability in the electronics
sector. It encourages the adoption of environmentally friendly
practices and the development of eco-friendly technologies.

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Infrastructure Development: The policy addresses the need for
robust infrastructure to support the growth of the electronics
industry. This includes the development of electronic
manufacturing clusters (EMCs) and testing and certification
infrastructure.

National Electronics Mission: The NPE 2019 proposes the

creation of a National Electronics Mission to act as an
overarching body to coordinate and implement various initiatives
outlined in the policy.

Focus on Specific Electronics Verticals: The policy identifies

specific verticals within the electronics industry, such as
consumer electronics, strategic electronics, and automotive
electronics, and formulates strategies to promote growth in
these areas.

Standards and Quality: Emphasis is placed on the establishment

and adherence to international standards and quality norms to
enhance the competitiveness of Indian electronics products in
the global market.

It's important to check for any updates or revisions to the

National Policy on Electronics beyond my last knowledge update
in January 2022.

QUESTION 5.
5. Discuss the role of Information and Communication Technology
applications in rural development.

ANSWER:

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) applications

play a crucial role in rural development by addressing various

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challenges and providing opportunities for growth and
empowerment. Here are several ways in which ICT applications
contribute to rural development:
 Access to Information: ICT facilitates the dissemination
of information on agriculture, health, education, and
government schemes to rural communities. Farmers can
access weather forecasts, market prices, and best
agricultural practices, leading to improved productivity.
 Agricultural Development: Mobile apps and SMS services
provide farmers with real-time information about crop
management, market prices, and weather conditions.
Precision agriculture technologies, powered by ICT,
enhance efficiency in resource use, leading to increased
agricultural productivity.
 Rural Healthcare: Telemedicine and mobile health
applications enable remote consultations, medical
diagnosis, and health monitoring. This is especially
beneficial in areas with limited access to healthcare
facilities, improving overall healthcare outcomes.
 Education and Skill Development: E-learning platforms and
digital educational resources contribute to the
development of education in rural areas. Distance
education programs, online courses, and educational apps
broaden access to quality education and skill development
opportunities.
 Financial Inclusion: Mobile banking and digital financial
services help in bringing rural populations into the formal
financial sector. This allows for secure and convenient
financial transactions, savings, and access to credit.
 E-Governance: ICT applications streamline government
services and enhance transparency. Online platforms for
accessing government schemes, applying for permits, and

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 receiving subsidies reduce bureaucratic hurdles and
corruption, promoting good governance.
 Entrepreneurship and Employment: ICT enables the
development of rural enterprises and connects rural
entrepreneurs with larger markets. E-commerce
platforms, digital marketing, and online job portals
provide opportunities for rural businesses and individuals.
 Community Empowerment: Social media and community
networks foster communication and collaboration within
rural communities. These platforms enable the exchange
of ideas, community organizing, and collective decision-
making.
 Infrastructure Development: ICT applications contribute
to the planning and management of rural infrastructure
projects. Geographic Information System (GIS)
technologies help in mapping and monitoring infrastructure
needs, leading to more effective development initiatives.
 Disaster Management: ICT applications aid in early
warning systems and disaster management. Mobile alerts,
mapping tools, and communication networks improve
preparedness and response during natural disasters.

In summary, ICT applications are instrumental in bridging the

rural-urban divide by providing access to information, services,
and opportunities. They empower rural communities to make
informed decisions, enhance productivity in various sectors, and
contribute to overall sustainable rural development.

Assignment C

Answer the following questions in about 100 words each.

QUESTION 6.

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6. Examine the role of Geographic Information Systems in
decision making.

ANSWER:

6. Role of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Decision

Making:
 Spatial Analysis: GIS allows the examination of geographic
patterns and relationships, aiding in decision-making.
 Visualization: Maps and spatial data visualizations enhance
understanding, making complex information more
accessible.
 Planning and Management: GIS assists in urban planning,
natural resource management, and infrastructure
development.
 Risk Assessment: GIS is used in assessing and mitigating
risks, such as in disaster management and environmental
planning.
 Data Integration: It integrates diverse datasets,
providing a holistic view that supports comprehensive
decision-making.
 Location-Based Services: GIS enables the delivery of
location-specific services, enhancing efficiency in various
sectors.

QUESTION 7.
7. Write a note on E-Panchayat.

ANSWER:

7. E-Panchayat:
 Digitization: E-Panchayat involves digitizing and
automating Panchayati Raj Institutions in India.

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  Governance Enhancement: It aims to improve governance,
transparency, and service delivery at the grassroots level.
 ICT Tools: E-Panchayat utilizes information and
communication technology tools for administrative
processes.
 Record-Keeping: It streamlines record-keeping, making
data management more efficient.
 Citizen Participation: E-Panchayat encourages citizen
participation in local governance through digital platforms.

QUESTION 8.
8. Briefly discuss smart cities mission.

ANSWER:

8. Smart Cities Mission:

 Urban Renewal: The mission focuses on transforming
selected cities into sustainable and citizen-friendly urban
centers.
 Technology Integration: Smart Cities leverage technology,
infrastructure, and governance for improved quality of
life.
 Energy Efficiency: It emphasizes energy-efficient
practices and sustainable development.
 Infrastructure Development: The mission includes the
development of smart infrastructure and services.
 Enhanced Governance: Smart Cities aim for efficient and
technology-driven urban governance.

QUESTION 9.
9. What do you mean by intranet commerce?

ANSWER:

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9. Intranet Commerce:
 Internal Transactions: Intranet commerce involves
business transactions conducted within a private network.
 Limited Access: It is restricted to internal organizational
processes, ensuring security.
 Operational Efficiency: Facilitates secure online
transactions, data sharing, and collaboration among
employees.
 Digital Work Environment: Promotes a digital work
environment within the organization.

QUESTION 10.
10. Explain the role civic service centers.

ANSWER:

10. Role of Civic Service Centers:

 One-Stop Platforms: Civic service centers serve as one-
stop platforms for citizens to access government services.
 Information Hub: Provide information on government
schemes, policies, and procedures.
 Service Delivery: Facilitate the delivery of essential
services, such as utility payments and permits.
 Digital Literacy: Promote digital literacy by assisting
citizens in navigating online services.
 Rural Empowerment: Bridge the digital divide by bringing
e-governance services to rural and remote communities.
 Government Interaction: Enable citizens to interact with
government agencies, fostering transparency and
accountability.

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THANK YOU FOR WATCHING!!

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