REVIEW ADVANCED 1

REVIEW : PAST PERFECT X PAST PERFECT

PROGRESSIVE

01. Past perfect x past perfect progressive

- Past perfect : is used when we are talking about

two actions that happened in the past , past perfect
always refers to the first completed action.

Formed by : Subject + had (auxiliary verb) + past

participle

Ex: By the time he was arrested, he had already

committed several crimes .

I had never seen such a great movie until today

I only went to bed after I had finished washing the

dishes

NOTE: The past perfect refers to the first action - He

had committed several crimes

The simple past refers to the second action -

He was arrested
- Past perfect progressive : Is used to emphasize the
duration of an action , that was in progress in the
past before something else happened. It's a good
way to show cause and effect .

Formed by : Subject + had + been + verb-ing

Ex: He had been looking for a job for a long time,

when he finally got hired by UNICEF .

obs: The underlined clause describes an action that

was in progress before something happened.
( emphasizing - how long )

Ex: By 2010 he had been working for this company

for 5 years, when it went out of business.

obs : the underlined clause refers to an action that

was in progress before another action happened.
( emphasizing how long )

Ex: Jason was exhausted because he had been

jogging .

0bs: The underlined clause emphasizes cause and

effect .
02. Complete the paragraph using past perfect
and past perfect progressive

I'm sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to
meet me early because the show started at 8:00. I
(try) ___________ to get tickets for that play for
months, and I didn't want to miss it. By the time I
finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed
to meet, I (have) _________five cups of coffee and I
(wait) _________over an hour. I had to leave
because I (arrange) _________to meet Kathy in front
of the theater.

When I arrived at the theater, Kathy (pick, already)

________the tickets and she was waiting for us near
the entrance. She was really angry because she
(wait) ______________for more than half an hour.
She said she (give, almost) __________________up
and (go) _________ into the theater without us.

Kathy told me you (be) __________late several

times in the past and that she would not make plans
with you again in the future. She mentioned that she
(miss) _____________several movies because of
your late arrivals. I think you owe her an apology.
And in the future, I suggest you be on time!

03. Complete with past perfect and past perfect

progressive.

a. By the time he was 25, he (write) ________2 best

sellers.

b. By the age of 32 ,Edward _________ already

__________( get) three degrees .

c. We were very hungry because we(not /

eat)______yet.

d. I was delighted when I found my keys.

I(look)_________ for them for hours.

e. She was exhausted because

she(work)________since eight o'clock that morning.

f. I (not / see) __________Jacob for several years,

but I recognized him immediately.

04. Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal

verb( pay attention to the verb tense ) .
PICK UP – KEEP UP WITH – GO THROUGH –
WRITE DOWN – COME ACROSS .

1. I was reading a magazine when I ____________

an article that my sister had written .

2. It’s not an easy task to _____________ you. I

can’t run as fast as you .

3. My mom is always ____________ new skills . Last

semester she studied the history of art .

4. I __________ important things on the board so

that I won’t forget them .

5. Before traveling I _____________ my luggage . I

don’t want to leave anything behind.

would rather \ would prefer : Expressing

preferences

1.Form : Subject +Would rather + base form-

Subject + Would rather (not ) + base form

Ex: I'd rather go by plane \ I'd rather not go by bus.

Ex: He'd rather postpone the test \ He'd rather not

take the test today.
Ex: Ana would rather not see the doctor today.

2.Form : subject +Would rather + subject + simple

past

Ex: I'd rather Pat went with me to the party . \ I'd

rather Greg didn't go with me to the party.

Dennis would rather his wife didn't travel alone.

3.Form : Subject + would prefer + infinitive ( to +

base form )

Subject + would prefer + not + Infinitive

I'd prefer to travel alone \ I'd prefer not to travel in

group.

4.Form: Subject + would prefer + object + infinitive

Subject + would prefer + object + not +

infinitive

Ex: I would prefer NGO's to organize the event. \ I

would prefer us not to donate the money.

General preferences

1.Form : Subject + Prefer + gerund + to + gerund

Ex : I prefer traveling by car to traveling by bus.

Ex : Pamela prefers listening to music to watching
TV.

2. Form : Subject + Prefer + infinitive + rather than

base form .

Ex : I prefer to travel by car rather than travel by bus.

Ex : Melissa prefers to go out with her friends rather

than stay home.

3.Form : Subject + Prefer + noun to noun.

Ex: I prefer books to movies.

Ex : I prefer Coke to Pepsi .

4.I’d rather + base form than base form

Ex : I’d rather travel by car than travel by bus .

Ex : I’d rather go to the beach than go to the

mountains.

05. Complete the sentences using ( Prefer \ would

prefer \ would rather and the correct form of verb )

a. I would rather ____________ (live ) in my country

than be a foreigner in another place.
b. I prefer ____________ ( read ) science fiction
books to reading romantic novels.

c. I prefer ____________ ( challenge ) myself rather

than settle down.

d. I would prefer ____________ (stay) home

tonight .

e. I’d rather ________ (go ) to the mountains on our

next vacation.

f. Ana prefers ___________ (communicate) through

social media than __________ (talk) in person .

* I prefer Jazz to Rock . ( don’t forget this is a

possible structure ( prefer noun to noun )

Repeated and double comparatives

Repeated showing that something is increasing or

decreasing

Double : Showing cause and effect ( Don’t forget to

use THE )

 How to form the comparative of the adjectives

Short adjective + er ( short - shorter)

Long adjective + more ( modern - more modern)

Long adjective ending in Y cut the Y and add ier

Pretty - prettier

Short adjective that ends in C.V.C double the last

consonant and add ER

Hot - Hotter .

06. Correct the sentences which have mistakes .

a. This actor is becoming more and more rich.

______________________________

b. I can't catch a break . The more I try ,the more bad

it gets .

_______________________________

c. The more time I have on my hands , less usefuler

things I do

_______________________________

d. Globalization means that our planet is getting

interconnecteder and interconnecteder .

_______________________________

e. As more easier you achieve your goals , even

less fulfilled you feel.

________________________________
f. Technology makes our lives the more and the more
practical.

________________________________

7. Complete with your own ideas .

1. The more I focus on my studies , _____________

2. Things at my job are getting _____________ and

____________ .

3. I can’t understand why you are _____________

and _____________ .

4. The more fulfilled I feel about my life,

__________________ .

5. Why are people becoming _________ and

_____________ ?

* Don’t forget DO ,DOES , DID for emphasis

Ex : I do understand you and I’d like to help .

Ex : Paul did leave a message, but I forgot to give it

to you .

REPORTED SPEECH : indirect speech- when we

recount , narrate something someone said . For this
we use reported verbs : Tell , ask, answer , argue
etc.

Paul- I work for a construcution company

Indirect speech- Paul said that he worked for a

construction company

In indirect reported speech we backshift the verb

tense .

Ex : Simple present backshifts to simple past

Simple past backshifts to past perfect or

maintains simple past

- the pronouns and adverbs of time also change .

Ex Paul - I went to the beach with my friends

yesterday (simple past )

Paul said that HE WENT \he had gone to the beach

with his friends the day before

Past perfect : Had + past participle

Paul - I have a question. (present)

Paul said that he had a question (past)

MODAL VERBS

Ex: ana – I can help you .

ana said that she could help me

Ex- Ana- I may cook dinner tonight .

ana said that she might cook dinner that night .

Will - would

Must - had to

would - would

could- could

might -might

PAST PERFECT - (remain past perfect)

Ex: Ana- I had never driven a car .

Ana said that she had never driven a car .

- Rich- I saw peter here .

Rich said he had seen Peter there.

Rich - I will travel tomorrow

Rich said he would travel the following day

INTERROGATIVE

INDIRECT QUESTIONS

make the question indirect + backshift ( two

movements that you have to do )

ana - Do you have a car ? (simple present)

Ana asked me if I had a car ? (backshift to simple

past )

ana- Where did you buy this car ?( simple past )

Ana asked Paul where he bought \ had bought that

car ? (remain simple past or backshift to past
perfect )

7. Complete the sentences to report what these

people said. ( BACKSHIFT )

1. " I will try to reach you at your office "

He said ___________________________

2. " I may omit my participation in the ordeal of

having to testify .

She said __________________________

3. " I haven't gone through the candidate's speech
yet.

The assistant said ____________________

4. "Will you prefer a seat in the aisle ?"

She asked me __________________________

5. "Does your partner have enough money to join

business ?"

He asked me ___________________________

6. “ I am organizing the director’s meeting”

Ana explained __________________________

7. “ Peter had traveled to Egypt with his family

before.

Peter told us
________________________________

8. “ Did you interview the president of Cuba when

you were a reporter ?

They wanted to know ________________________

8. Match the two columns .

a) Curiosity 1. The ability to understand other
people’s feeling ( )

b) leadership 2.the action of leading a group.

( )

c) Empathy 3. A desire to learn or know

something( )

d) Positive attitude 4.The ability to be easily

modified.

( )

e) Flexibility : 5 .Being optimistic about situations.

9. Correct the following words by changing their

suffix.

1. Neigborness : ________________

2. Excitetion : __________________

3. Musicship : __________________

4. Importion : __________________

5. Happihood : _________________

6. Realment :___________________
10. Complete with the correct word : Follower –
hashtag – meme – trending

a) The charity publicized their event on the social

media by asking everyone to use the __________
“WaterForTheWorld” .

b) Zach was annoyed with his girlfriend when she got

a new _________ on Instagram who kept liking all
her photos.

c) The ________ topic on twitter today is yoga with

goats. Everyone is doing it.

d) My favorite internet _________ is Grumpy cat .

There are so many funny phrases that go with it and
it always makes me laugh.