2023 RE PV Project Finance

Training Methodology
READ, WRITE, RECITE & YOU WILL REMEMBER
This workshop is going to feature a combination of international examples, experimental exercises and practical case
studies, designed to reinforce the ability of participants to actually apply Renewable Energy project finance modelling
concepts, analysis, and transactions management techniques into real-world RE; PV/Solar, Water, Wind, Geo-Thermal
and various other investments. Many case studies of RE power transactions do feature real-world details of sector-
specific financial examples & models. PPA’s are meant to provide participants with first-hand knowledge of the challenges
of standard RE project financing examples & modelling. Exercises will place participants into the practical roles of key
decision-makers who will not only need to analyse and comprehend standard Renewable Energy Project Finance
examples & models, while having to negotiate practical Project Finance terms & conditions in order to make real-world
decisions on RE investment transactions. The result of You actively participating in this interactive workshop’s
methodology will enable You to make practical real-world decisions on RE investment transactions. What are RE PV PF’s
& How do we finance them? The following is a gentle dive into an introduction to the key requirements for Renewable
Energy, Photo-Voltaic Project Finance. We must investigate International opinions and options.

WHAT ARE COMMERCIAL SOLAR POWER PURCHASE

AGREEMENTS & HOW DO WE FINANCE SOLAR SOLUTIONS
A solar Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) allows businesses to pay off and maintain their own solar energy systems at no upfront costs, while

enjoying the immediate benefits of cost savings. The savings and reliability of solar PV solutions is undeniable and businesses are making use of

these benefits through Power Purchase Agreements. With solar finance options, businesses can avoid upfront purchase and installation costs, while

continuing to enjoy the benefits of clean energy, with the knowledge that they are supporting a sustainable future. A commercial solar PPA enables a

fully integrated solar photovoltaic system to be installed, incorporating a customised monthly payment plan. PPAs can also include the option to take

ownership of the system at the end of the financed period, with no upfront installation costs.

What is Alternative Energy?

A PPA ensures that payment is only made for the energy the system produces during daylight hours. The conditions of power purchase are detailed in

the PPA or solar lease which is negotiated directly with each client to ensure the agreement is workable for both parties. For many clients, the cost of

solar is lower than the cost of electricity provided by the national grid. In the case of South Africa, with the costs of solar equipment falling and

electricity tariffs escalating, it is expected that large-scale solar facilities will provide power at costs lower than Eskom's lowest bulk tariff from 2019

onwards; making solar a viable option to investigate for all energy-intensive clients.
Solar Finance Provides control over Fixed Electricity Tariff Escalations
A solar PPA has a fixed rental escalation which shields businesses from the variability of utility tariff increases and allows accurate predictions and
budgeting for energy costs. A PPA provides flexibility for the client with buy-out options and the option to move the system to another property,
should a client want to relocate business premises. Owing to the absence of instalment costs, a solar system can also be sized optimally, and
potentially paired with batteries to assist in driving down demand charges even further. PPA's are generally 10 to 20 years long. Try to read more
about the typical length of a PPA and the variety of options available. Technical experts design, install and maintain solar systems that are financed,
ensuring that they operate optimally and are efficiently monitored. This allows businesses to retain their focus whilst enjoying a competitive and
sustainable energy solution. A PPA allows you to profit in the present from projections of the future.

Many companies install, own and operate solar PV facilities, selling solar
energy to corporate clients. The instrument is the product and vice -versa.
Exploring Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) & PF documentation management. What is prepaid PPA vs PPA?

Prepaid PPAs are very similar to traditional PPAs, with one key difference: instead of purchasing electricity over time,
customers purchase electricity upfront. Purchasing power upfront allows Balance Solar to reduce customers' initial cost
by 12% or more.

How does a PPA works?

How Do Physical PPAs Work? In a physical PPA, an organization signs a long-term contract with a third-party
seller who agrees to build, maintain, and operate a renewable energy system either on the customer's property
(on-site) or off-site.21 Nov 2022

What is PV cost finance?

Present value (PV) is a way of representing the current value of future cash flows, based on the principle
that money in the present is worth more than money in the future

What is the full form of PPA and what does it mean?

A Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”) is generally the primary contract between the public and private
sector parties which underpin a power sector PPP.10 Oct 2021
 What type of contract is PPA?

A power purchase agreement (PPA) for renewable electricity is generally defined as a contract for the
purchase of power and associated renewable energy credits (RECs) from a specific renewable energy
generator (the seller) to a purchaser of renewable electricity (the buyer).01 Sept 2021

What are the different types of PPAs?

There are several different types of PPAs that depend on where the renewable energy project is
located and target location of the delivery of the electricity, including:

 On-Site Versus Off-Site Power Purchase Agreement. ...

 Virtual Power Purchase Agreement. ...
 Physical Delivery Power Purchase Agreement. ...
 Portfolio Power Purchase Agreement.

Reasons why residential owners should avoid a Solar PPA:

 You'll get two electricity bills.

 You don't own your home solar panels.
 You can't get any incentives like the federal Solar Tax Credit.
 You will get stuck in a contract typically for 25 years.
 Your monthly solar payments will go up 3% a year.
How long is a power purchase agreement?

The term length of most SPPAs can range from six years (i.e., the time by which available tax benefits are
fully realized) to as long as 25 years.05 Feb 2023

What is the difference between PPA and lease?

The difference between a solar PPA and a solar lease is in how the solar company determines your monthly
payment. With a solar lease, the total amount you pay each month remains from month to month. Under
a solar PPA, your monthly payment is based on how much electricity the solar panels generate.

More and more businesses in the commercial and industrial sector are opting for Power Purchase Agreements
(or PPAs) because they are a low-risk, stress-free way of entering the world of renewable energy. But there is
still a lot of confusion around what a PPA entails, and the risks and benefits for business owners. That’s why
we’ve put together this quick guide.

WHAT EXACTLY IS A PPA?

A PPA is a services agreement that is signed between a business owner and a solar services provider. The solar services provider owns and operates
the solar PV system that is installed on a business owner’s property, and the business owner pays only for what they use of the energy that is generated
by the system. In short, PPAs allow business owners to benefit from solar energy without the costs of buying, operating, and maintaining a solar PV
installation. A means to leverage a negotiable instrument into commercial product.
 WHY A PPA YOU ASK?
1. SAVE MONEY WITH ZERO CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
Decentral offers our clients zero capex PPAs. This means that you don’t have to pay anything upfront to start
using clean solar energy. No deposit, no installation or insurance costs, and no fixed monthly fees. Plus, we
handle the complexities of the EPC contract.

What you get is a top-quality installation that is guaranteed to perform.

2. A PPA LETS YOU FOCUS ON YOUR CORE BUSINESS

Did you know that owning and operating your own solar PV installation is basically like managing a small
power plant in addition to running your core business? A PPA lets you concentrate on what you do best while
the experts take care of your clean energy needs.

With a Decentral PPA, we undertake to provide operations, maintenance, and insurance of the solar PV plant
at our cost. We will also provide additional security hardware and monitoring if necessary. In addition,
Decentral takes on all the risk of workmanship and equipment degradation or failure.
Your responsibilities as a customer are simply to run your business and ensure that the solar panels can do
their job without interference. This means maintaining the area where the panels are mounted, minimising
shading, and allowing our technical teams access to the equipment if necessary.

3. PAY ONLY FOR THE POWER THAT YOU USE (CHEAPER THAN ESKOM!)
Under a Decentral PPA, you pay only for the power that you actually use. This is called a “no take no pay”
agreement, and it means that you start saving from day one. Our tariffs are competitive: we are able to offer
customers targeted savings of 5–50% on their current energy costs. Given that the average Eskom tariff has
risen 753% since 2007, these savings are only set to increase!

4. WHEN YOU SIGN A 20-YEAR PPA, YOU’RE ACTUALLY ONLY COMMITTING TO A

3-YEAR CONTRACT. ALWAYS BE SURE TO CHECK TERMS & CONDITIONS.
The term of a PPA is typically 20 years. We know that signing such a long-term contract feels daunting. Who
knows what the future will bring? It’s important to note, however, that a Decentral PPA gives you options.

First, we offer a range of terms (3–25 years) and will work with you to find a length of contract that will suit your
needs.

Second, even with long-term contracts, we offer buy-out options after three years that will allow you to own
your installation outright. But we find that our customers generally prefer to stick with the PPA because it’s so
convenient and low risk.
Finally, if you happen to sell your property or relocate, we have you covered! The agreement can be ceded to
the new owner, or we can transfer the solar system to your new premises.
In sum, there is no risk from year 4, and you will enjoy the savings for up to 20 to 25 years (the lifespan of the
equipment).

5. A PPA ENABLES YOU TO JOIN THE CLEAN ENERGY TRANSITION EASILY

Many business owners want to go greener and start using renewable energy in their operations. But doing so
often seems complicated and intimidating: where do you begin? This is where a PPA can make things easy,
offering a simple and risk-free entry into the world of clean energy.
If you’re interested in pursuing a Power Purchase Agreement, get in touch with us today. We’ll assess your
needs and the suitability of your property for solar energy generation, and put a proposal together so that you
can start benefitting as soon as possible from the financial and environmental savings that solar power
provides. Take a look at some of our recent projects.

Category: News6 Oct 2021

Review of solar, wind, hydro, biomass & geothermal PF financial model design requirements, Renewable Energy Project
Finance & Financial Modeling. Techniques & models for bankable green energy transactions of solar, wind, hydro,
biomass & geothermal power investments in today’s competitive energy markets. In the global marketplace of 2020’s
both developed and developing economies urgently need to master the key techniques and models for financing the
transformation to renewable generation while strengthening the reliability of new energy markets and systems. Today’s
renewable energy frameworks & markets feature more innovative incentives to structure & analyze RE financial models
to ensure that PF transactions are bankable, & conform to RE generation availability & system reliability requirements.

Today’s wind, solar, hydro, biomass, and geothermal project finance (PF) transactions require a higher level of expertise
not only in programming more sophisticated and flexible financial models, but also in incorporating the latest risk
mitigation and credit enhancement instruments.

This online course covers both the key PF financial modeling requirements and techniques, risk analysis instruments, as
well as bankability practices. The objective of this course is to provide participants with an enhanced understanding of
the financial modeling and key documentation requirements of all interested parties to today’s RE PF transactions.

This programme provides you with proven PF modeling techniques and transaction management techniques which will
enable you to quantitatively assess risks, resolve constraints, and reach project financial closure. The practical models
for wind, solar, hydro, biomass & geothermal PF models will be demonstrated through a series of real case examples.

What are RE PV Projects? Renewable Energy Photo Voltaic/Solar Projects involve the design, installation and
commissioning of Photo Voltaic Panel Arrays, Mounting assembly, Cabling to a designated enclosure where the Batteries
& Inverters are maintained. RE PV Projects are very popular, especially with the recent hikes & spikes in service delivery.
An introduction to key requirements of limited-resource Project Finance for Renewable Energy transactions.

Exploring Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) & PF documentation management.

The World Bank has this material regarding the Key features of a Power Purchase Agreement A Power Purchase
Agreement (“PPA”) is generally the primary contract between the public and private sector parties which underpin a
power sector PPP. It is typically between a public sector purchaser "offtaker" (often a state-owned electricity utility, in
jurisdictions where the power sector is largely state operated) and a privately-owned power producer. It usually
provides the primary revenue stream which underwrites the PPP project. Therefore, the structure and risk allocation
regime under the PPA is central to the private sector participant’s ability to raise finance for the project, recover its
capital costs and earn a return on equity. This summary is focused on a base load thermal plant developed pursuant to a
PPP. While certain elements may be common across all PPAs, different considerations would apply for mid-range or
peaking thermal plants or plants using different generation technology (e.g. wind or solar). A number of the
considerations outlined below would also need to be adapted for PPAs between private parties: for example, for sale on
an electricity spot market (which are more commonly seen in jurisdictions with a more de-regulated power sector). (see
Deregulated Electricity Markets and Synthetic PPAs below).

The PPA often sits alongside or is combined with a BOT or concession agreement: in addition to obligations relating to
the sale and purchase of the power generated, the project company is also required to design, construct, operate and
maintain the power plant in accordance with agreed specifications.

Sale of capacity and energy - the PPA may require the project company both to make available to the purchaser an
agreed level of capacity at the power plant and deliver the energy generated in accordance with its provisions.

Pricing – the pricing regime in the PPA typically has two components:

1. an availability or capacity charge, which is payable by the offtaker in consideration of the power plant operator
making generation capacity available to the offtaker, whether or not it actually offtakes electricity from the power plant.
This component is typically designed to provide a revenue floor for the project and is the primary channel through which
each project proponent would recover its fixed costs (including its capital investments, financing costs and a return on
equity); and

2. an output charge – this is usually referenced to the volume of electricity actually delivered and is intended to cover
the project company's variable costs.

The pricing mechanism is the primary mechanism for allocating revenue and market risk in respect of the project
between the public and private sectors and is central to the private project proponent’s and its lenders’ assessment of
the commercial viability and bankability of the project. Typically, private project proponents and lenders will require the
PPA to run for a long term to guarantee investment recovery.

Third party sales – the ability to make third-party sales can enhance the commercial viability of the project and provide
it with a degree of cushioning against demand side risks under the primary long term PPA. This flexibility also has the
advantage that, given the long-term nature of the primary PPA, if the market is deregulated at a later date, then the
power plant can participate in that market without completely unwinding the primary PPA. However, purchasers are
often nervous about allowing third-party sales as they want to be sure that all capacity is available to them at all times
and so the PPA may include an exclusivity period during which all power produced is to be supplied to the purchaser.
Flexibility may need to be incorporated into the PPA to ensure that this exclusive period is not an impediment to future
development/ deregulation of the electricity market. The practical feasibility of third party sales, both in terms of
demand & access to physical infrastructure to deliver electricity to third parties will also need to be considered carefully.
 Underperformance and delays by power producer – the PPA may provide sanctions or require the project company to
pay liquidated damages if it fails to deliver power as promised. Common examples include liquidated delay damages, if
the construction of the project is not completed on schedule or tariff abatements where the power plant does not meet
agreed performance standards during the operational phase. Private project proponents and their lenders will be
concerned to ensure to limit the impact of liquidated damages on their ability to recover their capital investments and
earn a return. A common sticking point is whether the project company may be required to pay liquidated damages as a
result of disruptions which are not within its control.

Force majeure or purchaser breach of contract – the project company is typically relieved from complying with its
contractual obligations (and liability to damages) for disruptions arising from force majeure events. However, the scope
of force majeure relief available can often be a key negotiation point as it is a key contractual mechanism for allocating
risk between the public and private sector. One common issue is to what extent a project company can obtain force
majeure relief due to inability to obtain relevant government approvals. The force majeure regime is often closely linked
to the change in law regime. The scope of force majeure relief may also need to be adapted to different technologies.
For example, a gas fired power plant is exposed to different disruption risks as a wind farm.

Testing regime – this should be objective and designed to confirm levels of contracted capacity, reliability and fuel
efficiency or heat rate. Test results should ideally be certified by an independent engineer.

Termination – the PPA will need to provide for what happens on termination (whether at the end of the term of the
agreement or early termination for default etc), including obligations of the power producer to hand-over assets to the
government offtaker, what happens to employees of the power plant if the power plant is transferred to the offtaker on
termination. The availability and calculation of an early termination payment (typically for the purchaser to buyout the
power plant) will be central to the commercial viability and bankability of the project.

Project operation – issues typically include scheduled outages and maintenance outages, operation and maintenance,
emergencies and keeping of accounts and records.

Change of law – PPA should address impact on tariff in the event of a change in applicable law and the mechanism for
tariff adjustment. Private project proponents and their lenders will be anxious to ensure that the cash flows of the
project are appropriately protected against changes in law (at least in the country where the project is situated). Note
that the allocation of change of law and other regulatory risks would be quite different if the offtaker were a private
entity. In the latter case, the private offtaker has significant less ability and appetite to absorb change in law risks
(compare to a government entity).

For more detailed analysis of the issues involved in PPAs of this type, see the IFC guide to power purchase agreements
(1996) – found at Annex 2 (page 160) of the World Bank Concessions Toolkit (pdf) and also a more recent guide titled
Understanding Power Purchase Agreements published the African Legal Support Facility.

It is examples of this type of PPA which are provided below. The sample PPAs have been divided up into those more
relevant to smaller & rural power projects, & more complicated PPAs relevant to larger projects in developing countries.

When to use a Power Purchase Agreement Power purchase agreements (PPAs) are used for power projects where:

- the projected revenues of the project would otherwise be uncertain and so some guarantee as to quantities purchased
and price paid are required to make the project viable;

- there is a possibility of competition from cheaper or subsidized domestic or international competition (e.g., where a
neighboring power plant is producing cheaper power) - the PPA provides some certainty of being protected from such
competition;
- there is one or a few major customers that will be taking the bulk of the product. For example, a government utility
may be purchasing the power generated by a power plant. The government will want to understand how much it will be
paying for its power and that it has the first call on that power. The project company will want certainty of revenue; and,
the purchaser wishes to secure security of supply.

Sample Power Purchase Agreements

Emergency Power and Mobile Plants

Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) for short term temporary, mobile, or emergency power Short term, temporary or
emergency power purchase agreement for purchase of power from a mobile plant (on skids).

Prepared by international law firm for a small-scale rural power project in Africa, together with an Implementation
Agreement. Sample PPAs: Small and Rural Projects

South East Asia Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) for Small Scale Rural Power Projects Part of suite of documents
prepared by international law firm for use in small scale rural power projects. Documents prepared for country in South
East Asia.

Namibia Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) - short-form agreement developed for small scale power projects in Namibia
Standard short-form power purchase agreement developed for small scale power projects in Namibia. This is part of a
suite of documents including a fuel supply agreement that can be found on the Namibian Electricity Control Board.

Kenya Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) - simplified agreement developed for Kenya Short-form relatively simplified
power purchase agreement developed for the Kenyan Electricity Regulatory Board for use in "hydro, geothermal or gas
fired" power generation facilities. It anticipates both a capacity charge and an energy charge. Seller is to sell all the net
electrical output of the plant to purchaser. The Energy Regulatory Commission provides also a link to a Model PPA for
larger renewable generators more than 10MW and a PPA for smaller renewables projects less than 10MW on its
Renewable Energy Portal.

Tanzania Short-form relatively simplified power purchase agreements developed for Small Power Producers in Tanzania
- Standardized PPA for Main Grid Connection and Standardized PPA for Isolated Mini Grid Connection together with
Standardized Tariff Methodologies for each case and Detailed Tariff Calculations, which can all be found on the EWURA
web site. Also see Guidelines for development of small power projects.

Sample PPAs: Mid-sized and Large Projects

Global Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) for medium to large scale oil fired plants (Example 5) - Longer-form sample
power purchase agreement for use in developing countries for oil fired plants. Prepared by international law firm for the
World Bank as an outline of provisions commonly found in power purchase agreements in international private power
plants.

India Long Term Draft Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) produced by Indian Central Electrical Regulatory Commission
(CERC) (for projects where location and fuel is specified) (pdf) - Draft power purchase agreement developed by CERC for
Indian IPP market - intended for long-term agreements (more than 7 years) for use for setting up power stations where
location or fuel is not specified. The free link for draft request proposals, refer for draft PPA go to page 70.

Pakistan Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) and Implementation Agreement produced for Pakistan's Private Power and
Infrastructure Board by international law firm (issued 2006) - standard form power purchase agreement and
implementation agreement for fossil fuel fired electric power generation facility developed by international law firm for
Pakistan's Private Power and Infrastructure Board, together with a Model Pricing Schedule for PPA, and the Policy that
set the general framework that led to the production of the three standard form documents Policy 2002 (PDF).

United States Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) produced by Pacificorp for large scale power plants (pdf) - Draft power
purchase agreement developed by Pacificorp for power plants in excess of 1000 kilowatt net output - relatively short-
form agreement. Drafted in the context of U.S. regulatory structure.

Vietnam Sample Power Purchase Agreement used in a public tender process by the Vietnamese government for the
design, construction and operation of a large scale coal-fired power plant. The agreement is to be entered into between
Vietnam Electricity or EVN (a utility company owned by the Vietnamese government and the operator of the
Vietnamese national power system) and a project company incorporated in Vietnam. The agreement forms part of a
suite of project documents which also includes a separate BOT Contract between the project sponsors and the Ministry
of Industry and Trade of Vietnam. The structure of the project agreements reflects both the fact that Vietnam’s power
sector continues to be dominated by state entities (the offtaker is effectively a vertically integrated state monopoly) and
the fact that it is moving towards a more competitive market (the BOT Contract expressly contemplates renegotiation of
the contract when a competitive electricity market is established).

The agreement is for a term of 25 years from when the plant commences commercial operations. For the key features
of the agreement, read more, investigate and DISCOVER OPTIONS.

Deregulated Electricity Markets: The above PPAs should be distinguished from power purchase agreements in a
deregulated electricity market where the agreements are typically contracts for purchase of power from a private
producer where the power plant is already in existence or where the power plant is being constructed at the initiative of
the private producer. For examples of this type of PPA click on the following sample link: Tri-State PPA.

Synthetic Power Purchase Agreements: Australia Synthetic PPAs may become more relevant for the financing of
generation projects as a country’s power sector moves from a centralized model to a de-regulated market-oriented
model (such as the one in Australia). Under a synthetic PPA, the project company would physically sell the electricity it
produces into the spot market at a floating price, while it enters into a derivative contract at the same time (usually
structured as a swap) with an “offtaker” who agrees to “purchase” from the power plant, a notional quantity of
electricity at a fixed price over the term of the PPA. In exchange, the “offtaker” is paid the floating price at which such
electricity would be sold on the spot market. The synthetic PPA serves an economic function that is broadly similar to
conventional long term PPAs, in that it provides the project with a level of guaranteed revenue by hedging the project
against fluctuations in the electricity spot price. Physical offtake is often less problematic in liquid electricity markets and
can be managed separately by bidding into the spot market.

Synthetic PPAs are highly versatile instruments which can be adapted for a wide range of purposes. In the Australian
market, they are often structured as the primary long term offtake arrangement which underwrites the financing of
large scale wind farm projects. They are typically documented in the form of a confirmation under a master agreement
used for OTC derivative transactions (e.g., the ISDA Master Agreement). The Australian Financial Market Association
publishes guidelines and template documents for the documentation of synthetic PPAs in the Australian market.

Use of synthetic PPAs also gives rise to additional compliance and licensing considerations under applicable financial
regulations, as the PPA may be considered a financial product.

Spain Standardized Synthetic PPA – This document is developed as a sample agreement for a PPA in Spain for large scale
renewable projects. It provides a further example of how offtake arrangements for generation projects in more
developed jurisdictions with market-oriented power sectors can be structured. It sets out the draft terms of a synthetic
(financial) PPA structured as a contract for differences with no physical delivery of electricity, consisting of the financial
coverage of the price of energy, adjusting the differences between the Spanish wholesale price & the agreed price.

Seller undertakes to develop renewable projects and Seller and Buyer agree to pay the corresponding monthly
payments to the other party, as applicable arising from the differences between the agreed price and the Spanish
wholesale market price. For the key features of the Standardized Synthetic PPA, read more...

The European Federation of Energy Traders ("EFET") has published and standardized individual PPA for utilities and
corporates. This EFET model may be adapted to specific features of the Spanish jurisdiction and foresees the possibility
to adapt it to both physical and financial PPAs. Sample Power Purchase Agreements: Renewable Energy Carbon Capture
and Storage Geothermal Hydropower Solar Power Wind Power

French Standard Power Purchase Agreements Small Plants/Renewable Energy Sources (Les modèles indicatifs de
contrats d'obligation d'achat d'électricité) French standard power purchase agreements (Les modèles indicatifs de
contrats d'obligation d'achat d'électricité) for small installations / renewable energy sources, within the framework of
the law of 2000 (loi no.2000-108 du 10 fevrier 2000) and decree relating thereto (decret no.2000-877 du 7 septembre
2000) and decree of 2001 (decret no.2001-410 du 10 mai 2001) setting out the terms on which the grid and power
distributors are to purchase electricity from the small power producers and wind power - Arrêté du 8 juin 2001 fixant les
conditions d'achat de l'électricité produite par les installations utilisant l'énergie mécanique du vent telles que visées à
l'article 2 (2o) du décret no 2000-1196 du 6 décembre 2000.

Related Content: Energy and Power PPPs Energy Laws and Regulations Energy Licenses and Licensing Procedures Energy
& Power PPP Toolkits Climate-Smart PPPs Gender & Energy Projects Further Reading on Energy and Power PPPs

Additional Resources: An Analysis of Independent Power Projects in Africa: Understanding Development and
Investment Outcomes SARI: Final Report on Wholesale Electricity Prices in South Asia 2003 NERC: Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking PPA for Captive Customers Private Participation in Renewable Energy Database.
 COMMERCIAL SOLAR POWER PURCHASE
AGREEMENTS AND FINANCED SOLAR
SOLUTIONS
A solar Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) allows businesses to pay off and maintain their own solar energy systems at no
upfront costs, while enjoying the immediate benefit of cost savings. The savings and reliability of solar PV solutions are
undeniable and businesses are making use of these benefits through Power Purchase Agreements. With solar finance
options, businesses can avoid upfront purchase and installation costs, while continuing to enjoy the benefits of clean
energy, with the knowledge that they are supporting a sustainable future. A commercial solar PPA enables a fully
integrated solar photovoltaic system to be installed, incorporating a customised monthly payment plan. PPAs can also
include the option to take ownership of the system at the end of the financed period, with no upfront installation costs. A
PPA ensures that payment is only made for the energy the system produces during daylight hours.

The conditions of power purchase are detailed in the PPA or solar lease which is negotiated directly with each client to
ensure the agreement is workable for both parties. For many clients, the cost of solar is lower than the cost of electricity
provided by the national grid. In the case of South Africa, with the costs of solar equipment falling and electricity tariffs
escalating, it is expected that a large-scale solar facility will provide power at costs lower than Eskom's lowest bulk tariff
from 2019 onwards; making solar a viable option to investigate for all energy-intensive clients.

Solar Finance Provides Fixed Electricity Tariff Escalations: A solar PPA has a fixed rental escalation which
shields businesses from the variability of utility tariff increases and allows accurate predictions and budgeting for energy
costs. A PPA provides flexibility for the client with buy-out options and the option to move the system to another
property, should a client want to relocate business premises. Owing to the absence of instalment costs, a solar system can
also be sized optimally, and potentially paired with batteries to assist in driving down demand charges even further. PPA's
are generally 10 to 20 years long. Read more about the typical length of a PPA. The technical experts at will design,
install and maintain the solar systems that they finance, ensuring that they operate optimally and are consistently
monitored. This allows businesses to retain their focus whilst enjoying a competitive and sustainable energy solutions.

How To Start Investing In Alternative Energy: It’s always nice to be able to align your investments with companies
that share your values. But things can still get a bit complicated for investors who are looking to put their money into
alternative energy. Due to the fact that the sector is still evolving, it’s considered a risky play due to the potential impact
of future government policies. Join us for an overview of the current alternative energy market, as well as a look at several
creative ways to go about investing while minimizing risk.
Before we jump into how to invest in alternative energy, it’s important to understand exactly what it is. Alternative energy is energy

that’s generated in a clean, eco-friendly way, rather than by the depletion of natural resources. As Reference notes, alternative and

green energies tend to veer away from the use of fossil fuels and nuclear power and instead create energy fueled via solar, wind,

hydroelectric, and geothermal resources. While current sentiment points to such technologies playing a key role in the future, many

of them are still getting their footing when it comes to mass adaptation. In the meantime, one of the challenges for alternative

energy investors is sorting through the vast array of emerging companies in order to find the ones that will hopefully be around for

the long haul. Another is doing enough research to find investments that actually are eco-friendly. Keep in mind that just because an

investment claims to be “green” doesn’t mean that that’s the full truth.

How to Start Investing in Alternative Energy

Just like any other sector, alternative energy presents several different options when it comes to investment types. The most direct

is to purchase shares in your favorite alternative energy company. A less direct but possibly equally profitable approach is to invest

in companies that manufacture essential technologies needed for alternative energy production. For example, rather than confining

your search to electric vehicle companies, why not also research the companies that manufacture EV batteries or other essential

components? Additionally, you can minimize the risk that comes along with investing in individual companies by opting instead for

exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or mutual funds. ETFs are sort of like a “basket of stocks” in that they track the performance of a
specific set of stocks that are all connected in some way. There are now plenty of alternative energy ETFs that can give you access to

a broad range of clean energy companies, which helps minimize the risk of investing in just a few. Mutual funds are a similar

concept, in that they are like a large pool of money that investors put their cash into. The fund manager then uses the collective

money to create a sort of “group portfolio” around a specific type of stock, such as those involved in clean energy production. When

the portfolio does well, everyone gets a percentage of the profits equal to the percentage that they invested in the overall

capital. When it comes to mutual funds, a site called As You Sow makes finding funds that truly align with your values much easier.

If you’re dealing with individual companies, however, it’s best to get familiar with how to tell if a company is eco-friendly.

Current Alternative Energy Companies

It’s important to remember that you should always do your own research in order to find the best
investments for your individual situation. To help get you started, here’s a look at some popular
alternative energy companies and investment options that may be worth looking into.

Individual Stocks: Selecting the best individual stocks for you largely comes down to your
investment style and whether you’re more into value, momentum, or even short-term trades. That
said, here are a few of the many alternative energy stocks worth keeping an eye on:

 ReneSola Ltd. (SOL)

 SunPower Corp. (SPWR)
 Daqo New Energy Corp. (DQ)
 Ford Motor Company (F)
 SolarEdge Technologies, Inc. (SEDG)
 Tesla, Inc. (TSLA)
 NextEra Energy, Inc. (NEE)

ETFs
  iShares Global Clean Energy ETF (ICLN)- index tracks global clean energy sector equities
 Investco offers a variety of alternative energy ETFs to choose from, including those focused
on solar, wind, cleantech, and more.
 The VanEck Low Carbon Energy ETF (SMOG) is worth looking into if you’re looking for
exposure to as many different clean energy sectors as possible. SMOG tracks the
performance of the MVIS Global Low Carbon Energy Index (MVSMOGTR), which can
include investments in wind, solar, hydro, hydrogen, bio-fuel or geothermal technology,
electric vehicles and more.
Mutual Funds
 Guinness Atkinson Funds offers a number of funds geared towards progress and innovation,
including an Alternative Energies Fund (GAAEX) and a Global Energies Fund (GAGEX).
 The New Alternatives Fund (NALFX) is a mutual fund that invests in “companies that have
a positive impact on the environment.”
 The Calvert Global Energy Solutions Fund Class A (CGAEX) tracks the performance of the
Calvert Global Energy Research Index and invests mainly in companies whose primary
purpose is providing sustainable energy solutions.

Where to Invest in Alternative Energy

No matter which type of alternative energy asset you chose to invest in, you’ll need a brokerage account in order to initiate your

purchase. While you can set up a brokerage account with the assistance of a physical financial advisor, you can also sign up for an

account online with a variety of major brokerages. Some brokerages, such as Schwab, offer both self-directed online trading and the

optional assistance of financial advisors. As you may have gleaned from the information we covered above, alternative energy is still

a rapidly evolving sector and prone to volatility. If you’re just starting out as an investor, it may be worth your while to consult a
 financial professional for help choosing the best investments for you. Make sure to do your research to find the best brokerage for

your individual needs and experience level. Here are some of our favorites that are worth looking into:

Internet Options for Investing in Alternative Energy Modelling 101

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Renewable Energy Project Finance & Financial

Modelling. Things to Discover. - May 2022
Commences: 4 May 2022, Location: Virtual, Organizer: Company Name, Description: Techniques & models for
bankable green energy transactions of solar, wind, hydro, biomass & geothermal power investments in today’s
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In the global marketplace of 2020’s both developed and developing economies urgently need to master the key
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projects and transactions from Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and North America.

Key Required Course Guideline Sessions:

1. Special requirements for managing Renewable Energy (RE) limited-recourse project finance transactions;
2. Key requirements of Renewable Energy investments: Technical, management & investment requirements of
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3. Designing RE financial models part 1: Financial model design requirements & work plan management;
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5. Designing RE financial models part 3: Programming balance sheets and reviewing & stress-testing solar,
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6. Summary interactive wind/solar project financing group exercise: Evaluating an RE PF financial model for
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
 Identify key requirements of limited-recourse Project Finance for Renewable Energy transactions, Power
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This course is scheduled to take place over 6 live online sessions using virtual learning technology.

RMB lender and sustainability agent for Shoprite to meet their ESG goals
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First Green Loan in the African real estate sector for Equites Property Fund

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Sustainability-linked bond for Emira realises sustainability targets

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of Sustainable Finance and ESG.

Recent articles on Sustainable Finance and ESG

RMB advises on Redefine's sustainable financial solutions

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Facilitating pioneering Sustainable Finance transactions

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needs to plan for COP26. RMB is a leading African Corporate and Investment Bank.

Sustainable Finance and ESG Advisory: Our Sustainable Finance and ESG Advisory team provides market-leading
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NEWS: Reserve Bank reforms of MPIF set to hit a milestone

The 2022 reform of the MPIF fundamentally changed the way the Bank manages the transmission of its monetary policy
decisions into the economy. The daily liquidity surplus in the monetary system will rise to its long-term target of R100bn.

What Are Six Types of Energy?

Updated April 15, 2020. Types of energy include kinetic energy, potential energy, mechanical energy, chemical
energy, heat energy & electrical energy. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be transferred &
changed from one form to another. Below are some details regarding six types of energy in existence. Energy is naturally
available, meaning human beings cannot create it but can transfer it or change it from one form to another.

 Potential energy – this is energy that is not yet in use. It is basically energy that is stored until it is put into action

 Kinetic energy – this is energy that is moving. Usually, it is potential energy that becomes kinetic when human

beings initiate an action. Electricity flowing through wires can be regarded as kinetic energy

 Mechanical energy – this is energy that is causing a mechanical equipment to work. Wind can be considered a

mechanical energy when it turns a windmill

 Heat energy – this energy generally regards an increase in temperature. Fire is a good example of heat energy

 Chemical energy – this is the type of energy produced when chemicals react. Food can be regarded as chemical

energy when cooked

 Electrical energy – this is energy derived from electricity. It could be in the form of a lit bulb, heat from an

electric cooker or a machine powered by electricity.

Science
Energy
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Find out how solar, wind, biomass, hydroelectric, and geothermal power are
harnessed to produce renewable energy.

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INVESTING - INVESTING BASICS

Let’s take a look at how you can invest in renewable energy in the way that's the smartest for you.

Last updated April 3, 2023 | By Miranda Marquit

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Increasingly, investors are considering how to invest in renewable energy. This is part of a wider
move toward socially responsible investing. Additionally, there are a number of apps changing the
way we invest. These apps offer access to different types of investing including buying into the
energy sector. Along with seeing increased democratization of the stock market, these apps are
helping us invest in alternative energy sources (beyond just buying into Tesla). Let’s take a look at
how you can invest in renewable energy in a way that works for you.

In this article
Why you might invest in renewable energy
When learning how to invest money, there are a lot of things to consider, including the types of assets
you want to focus on. If you’re concerned about the environment, there are a number of reasons to
invest in the renewable energy industry.

One of the biggest reasons is a focus on climate change. The general scientific consensus is that
climate change is happening and that humans are contributing to it. Not only that, but there are
concerns that climate change could be a serious national security threat. With all of that in mind, it
can make sense to shift a portion of your portfolio into renewable power if you’re interested in
encouraging continued emphasis on reducing the impact of climate change and increasing
sustainability.

However, it’s not just about putting your dollars where your values are. There might also be business
potential in the renewable energy sector. With the U.S. re-entering the Paris Agreement, and more
companies looking for ways to move forward, there are different opportunities to profit. Businesses
pursuing alternative forms of energy — including geothermal, solar, and wind — could potentially see
gains in coming years as green energy becomes more popular and efficient.

4 ways to invest in renewable energy (other than Tesla)

If you’re looking for how to invest in renewable energy, there are a few choices — and you don’t even
have to buy shares of Tesla (though you could). Here are some ideas for investing in renewable
energy, depending on your preferences.

Components manufacturers and installers

Solar panels and wind turbines need to be produced and, when finished, installed. These are
companies that produce the actual parts that make renewable energy usable. From manufacturing
wind turbine blades to creating batteries for electric cars to constructing geothermal pumps to all the
elements that go into solar photovoltaic energy production, these manufacturers could potentially
benefit from increased demand for renewable energy production.

Some of the companies that you could potentially invest in include:

 First Solar, Inc. (FSLR): Makes solar systems and modules.

 Enphase Energy (ENPH): Provides solar energy cells, along with necessary equipment for monitoring.
 JinkoSolar Holding Co. Ltd. (JKS): Based in China, this company manufactures all sorts of solar
products, from solar modules to silicon wafers.
 Vestas Wind Systems A/S (VWDRY): This company based in Denmark manufactures wind turbines
and installs them.
 American Superconductor Corp. (AMSC): Focuses on control systems, generators, and power
converters aimed at renewable energy.
 TPI Composites Inc. (TPIC): One of the top manufacturers of wind turbine blades.
 Sunrun (RUN): Large installer of residential solar panels.
 Albermarle Corp. (ALB): This company makes lithium batteries, which are used in electric vehicles.
Depending on your situation, it might be a smart move to add these kinds of energy investments to your
portfolio. You could also research other renewable energy stocks to find additional ideas for investing.
Utility companies
Utility companies have long been considered good choices for investing because people need power.
However, there are also companies that have a high rate of renewable energy production. These
companies are working to expand how they generate power by adding renewable energy projects.
On top of that, there are companies called yieldcos that specifically focus on renewable energy
portfolios. These companies operate similarly to the master limited partnerships (MLPs) so often seen
in fossil fuel production. Basically, the idea is to return cash flow from various renewable energy
assets — whether it’s power production or manufacturing — to shareholders.

Some of the companies that you can consider as you invest in utilities or yieldcos include:

 NextEra Energy Partners LP (NEP): One of the world’s largest utility companies, it’s also a yieldco that
focuses on wind and solar power.
 Brookfield Renewable Partners L.P. (BEP): Operates utility facilities that focus on renewable energy
sources.
 Enviva Partners LP (EVA): This company focuses on renewable energy from biomass.
 Hannon Armstrong Sustainable Infrastructure (HASI): This yieldco focuses on investing in renewable
energy products and assets that focus on building out renewable energy infrastructure.
 Duke Energy Corp. (DUK): Electric utility with a large number of renewable energy products in the
pipeline.
 Xcel Energy Inc. (XEL): Invests in power generation projects related to renewable energy.
 Southern California Edison (SCE): This large investor-owned utility is set to ramp up renewable projects
and is well-known for its ability to deliver solar power to its power customers.
EV manufacturers
When many people think of electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing, Tesla (TSLA) is one of the first
companies that come to mind. However, Tesla isn’t the only EV manufacturer, and you could
potentially invest in other companies that focus on these cars.

Some other potential stocks for your portfolio include:

 ElectraMeccanica Vehicles (SOLO): This EV company focuses on very small cars with a small impact
and is based in Canada.
 Nio (NIO): Based in China, Nio is an EV company that has access to one of the biggest markets in the
world.
 Arcimoto (FUV): This is another mini-EV maker that makes small cars that look more like fun cars, even
though they are highway-legal.
 Workhorse Group Inc. (WKHS): Rather than focusing only on cars, Workhouse Group also
manufactures delivery drones that are EVs.
 Plug Power Inc. (PLUG): This isn’t a company that makes EVs. Instead, the company focuses on
making hydrogen fuel cells designed to power commercial EVs.
 Ford Motor Co. (F): If you’re looking for an old standby, Ford might be just the thing. Ford is doubling its
investment in EV, so it’s joining the ranks of companies that are looking for new alternatives.
Values-based ETFs or Indexes
Values-based investing revolves around the idea that you could put your money into companies and
assets that reflect your personal morals and values. Over the past several years, there have been
different ETFs (exchange-traded funds) and index funds that focus on socially-responsible investing
or that collect assets designed to appeal to people with certain values.

If you’re looking for different ways to invest without having to pick individual stocks, values-based
ETFs and index funds can provide you a way to do that. Some of the clean-energy ETFs that vet for
environmental impact include:

 Invesco WilderHill Clean Energy (PBW): This ETF offers you the chance to access global renewable
energy sources.
 iShares Global Clean Energy (ICLN): Another ETF that focuses on a global renewable energy portfolio.
 Invesco Solar (TAN): As you might expect, this ETF includes a variety of solar energy assets that allow
you to take advantage of various stocks that are different stages of the solar energy pipeline.
  VanEck Vectors Low Carbon Energy (SMOG): Although not completely focused on renewables, this
ETF is based on the performance of assets with lower carbon footprints.
 SmartETFs Sustainable Energy II (SULR): Another ETF that focuses on global energy efforts, taking a
look at sustainable energy.
How to easily invest in renewable energy

Investing in renewable energy is fairly straightforward. You can open a brokerage account and begin
buying shares of companies and ETFs that focus on renewable energy. Some of the best investment
apps make it easy to buy and sell renewable energy stocks.

One of the easiest ways to get started is to choose a broker that offers fractional shares. Fractional
shares are portions of shares, so you don’t have to buy a whole share at once. When you use a
company like Stash to invest in fractional shares, you can begin building a portfolio, even if you don’t
have enough cash to buy a full share. In fact, with Stash, you could begin investing in a company like
Brookfield Renewable, with just a few dollars. 1

Plus, Stash comes with a debit card, Round Ups, and automatic investing to make it really easy to
invest in renewable energy stocks and ETFs. Stash Benefits: Get $20 to make your first investment,
Invest in stocks, bonds, and ETFs, Fractional shares available, Start investing with just $5. If your
style is more in line with robo-advisors, you can use something like Betterment to easily invest in
renewable energy. For example, Betterment offers a range of socially-responsible investing portfolios,
including one that focuses on climate impact. The climate impact portfolio focuses on ETFs that have
low carbon footprints, invest in renewable energy projects, and even those that have companies
divesting from fossil fuels.

Betterment Benefits: Your financial life all in one place, Customized portfolio recommendations,
Personalized investing for your specific goals. No matter your investing style, it’s relatively easy to get
started finding companies and ETFs designed to encourage renewable energy development — and you
might even financially benefit from it.
FAQs
Is renewable energy a good investment?
Whether renewable energy is a good investment depends on the goals and values of your portfolio
strategy. Renewable energy could be a good choice if you believe that the economy, business, and
policy will favor renewables in the future, and investing now could help you grow your portfolio.
Carefully consider your own goals and the needs of your portfolio before moving forward.
What are the best renewable energy companies to invest in?
The best renewable stocks are those that fit your situation and portfolio goals. There’s no one right
answer for everyone. Consider your goals and what you want for your portfolio. Review the
companies and their valuations. Check to see whether their fundamentals are strong and if their
values match up with yours if that’s important to you. Ultimately, the best choice in renewable energy
stocks and ETFs will depend on your own situation and what works for your portfolio.
Why is Tesla stock so high?
Part of the reason Tesla stock is so high is that it is a leader in EV technology, and the company has
been able to prove there is market demand for electric vehicles. Additionally, Tesla has a well-known
leader who excites people and encourages them to invest.

There are many reasons any stock could move higher, including market conditions, company
fundamentals, leadership, revenues, and product. Pay attention to the news about any company,
including Tesla, to make a decision about whether it could be a smart addition for your portfolio.

Bottom line. Renewable energy provides interesting opportunities for investment and diversification, depending
on your situation and what you’d like to see in your portfolio. With a focus on reducing the impacts of climate
change and emissions, and a current administration that has expressed a commitment to renewable energy
development, there might be opportunities to invest in stocks and funds that focus on renewable energy.

With options ranging from the solar industry to the auto industry, you have a lot of investment options
in front of you. As you figure out how to invest in renewable energy, make sure you review your goals
and portfolio strategy. Do your due diligence to make sure you’re choosing investments that fit your
needs and situation. There’s always a risk of loss when you invest, especially in times of market
volatility, so it’s important to carefully vet any investment you make.* Disclosure: The author of this
piece has positions in TSLA, PBW, and BEP.

Public Benefits: Get $3-$300 in free stock when

your account is approved*, Invest in 1000s of stocks and ETFs with fractional shares—no account
minimums, Follow friends in a social feed and learn from a diverse community of investors

Author Details

Miranda MarquitMiranda Marquit has been covering money for more than a decade and is a nationally-
recognized financial expert and journalist, appearing on CNBC, NPR, Forbes, Yahoo! Finance, FOX Business,
and numerous other outlets.

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Fund Investment Mandate: To own and operate a portfolio of renewable energy-generating assets, that sells
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supply in South Africa. Encounter on-shore investment in a socially-responsible way. Government
acknowledges it needs assistance from the private sector to urgently improve the situation. Playing a role in
economic growth and job creation. Reducing South Africa’s carbon footprint and contributing to sustainable
energy generation. South Africa has the opportunity to become a leader in renewable energy. Installations are
contracted to approved third party EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) companies. Operations
and maintenance is contracted to approved O&M parties. Installations incorporate the latest technology in
solar panels, inverters, and battery storage, supported by proprietary software to manage and minimize
energy utilization. Fund term: 10 years. Distribution policy: bi-annually: First distribution - September 2023.
Targeted internal rate of return (IRR): 18% net of fees and taxes on risk capital over the 10-year term. 125%
Tax deductible: For installations that generate electricity for the first time between 1 March 2023 and 28
February 2025. We invite savvy investors seeking to gain superior returns at moderate risk, minimize their tax
obligation, and contribute to a greener future to join us as we pioneer this asset class.

Stay in the loop Meet The Team: Every fund team has diverse experience & expertise in investment

banking, corporate governance, & advisory & is backed by it’s track record & reputation. Grovest is one.
By submitting your details, you agree to join our mailing list.

HERE ARE SOME QUESTIONS THAT DESERVE ANSWERS

What Are Solar Trees? How Do They Work?

What Are Flexible Solar Panels?

Who are the Best Renewable Energy Companies?

What Are Solar Shingles? How Do They Work?

What are the 5 Best Portable Solar Laptop Chargers of 2023?

Are Solar Panels Worth It? How can we assess Solar Potential?

Do Solar Panels Work on Cloudy Days? At Night?

How Do Solar Panels Work?

Solar Ovens: What Are They? How Do They Work?

What are the 6 Best Home Battery Storage Systems of 2023?

Solar Monitoring Systems: How do they work?

What are the 6 Best Solar Lanterns of 2023?

Agrivoltaics: Where, When & How does Solar Energy Meets Agriculture?

What Are Bifacial Solar Panels? Overview, How They Work, and Outlook?

Windmill vs. Wind Turbine: What's the Difference?

Solar Freakin' Railways Are They Coming Down the Line?

What Is Passive Solar Heating? How It Works and Limitations?

What Are Solar Panels Made Of?

Are Portable Solar Panels Worth It? Where can I find everything I Need to Know?

How Do Solar Windows Work?

Is there a Guide to RV Solar Panels: Components & Installation?

What Is Solar Charge Controller? Do You Need One?

What Is the Carbon Footprint of a Solar Panel? Are there Emissions?

Ground-Mounted Solar Panels: What You Need to Know Before Investing?

Should You Clean Your Solar Panels?

Solar Air Conditioning: Does It Work? What to Know Before Investing?

Should You Get Solar Panels for Your Shed?

What are the 5 Best Solar Panel Loans?

What about Solar Panels for Your Home: There are many Frequently Asked Questions.

Solar Incentives, Who can Explained: Tax Credits, Rebates, and Other Incentives?

What Is a Solar Collector? Why Is It Important? What Types are there?

How Do Solar Farms Work? What are the Benefits, Environmental Impacts?

Do Solar Panels Increase Home Value? How can I understanding Solar Home Sales?
Is a Solar Carport Worth the Investment? What are the Benefits, and Drawbacks?

What Is Geothermal Energy? Definition, Examples, and How It Works?

Hydroelectricity: What are the Environmental Costs, Benefits, and Outlook?

What Is Solar Racking? What are Solar Installation Components?

How Do Solar Lights Work? What are the Types, Uses, and Environmental Impacts?

The New Solar Panels at Aflac Headquarters reduce GHG Emissions, How and Why?

Clean Energy Growth Is Too Slow, Says IEA. What does this mean?

Is there the Potential of Solar Paint?

What are the Types of Solar Panels: Pros and Cons?

Can Recyclable Wind Turbine Blade Promises to End Wind Power Waste?

What Is a Solar Canopy? What are the Definition, Effectiveness, and Examples?

What Is Solar Sailing, and How Does It Impact the Environment?

Where Are Solar Panels Made? Why does Your Manufacturer Matter?

How Does Solar Battery Storage Work?

What Is Solar Panel Efficiency? What are the Definitions and Importance?

Please explain Solar Trackers: How It Works, Pros and Cons?

What Is a Solar Pond? What are the Benefits and Drawbacks?

Is there a Guide to Solar Panel Installation?

Solar Panels for Apartments: What are the 6 Ways for Renters To Go Solar?

Solar Panel Output: How Much Power Does a Solar Panel Produce?

How Do Solar-Powered Boats Work? Are 7 Innovative Vessels That Run on Solar?

How Green Is Maersk's Bio-Methanol Fuel?

 INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL HVAC&R ENERGY EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS,
PROJECT MANAGEMENT, SITE MAINTENANCE TEACHING & TRAINING.

TAILOR DESIGN THIS COURSE OF MATERIALS FOR YOU & YOUR TEAM
We customise design course materials to suit our client’s specific training requirements. We deliver om-
sight/in-house/on-line Training Materials. We supply international $olutions to local situations. Feel free to
Contact GREG SCOTT direct on +27-83-226-8660 or WhatsApp or Telegram for more information.

RENEWABLE & GREEN ENERGY EFFICIENT

PROJECT FINANCE TRAINING COURSE
LEARN HOW TO:
 Appreciate the lenders of project finance and their risk vs. the potential reward of debt financiers

 Manage risk allocation, risk mitigation techniques and risk identification within RE PF Contracts

 Utilize key technical aspects of the RE power sector & utilize skills to predict the industry’s growth

 Learn proper project risk appraisal & mitigation

 Learn project quantitative analysis and debt sizing structuring

 Project finance loan documentation

Here are some Case studies & some practical inputs

 Exercise - Renewable Energy Auction.

 The group will be arranged into small teams and asked to review the assumptions and output of a
simplified Cash-flow Model. They will be asked to review the inputs with a view to submitting a bid for a
renewable Energy Project
 Case Studies
 Three Offshore Wind Farms - Review the evolution of the technology and how lenders have become
increasingly comfortable with the construction and operational risks in the sector the technology has
developed. The cases will illustrate the effects of competition (between lenders) in the sector and how
structures have changed

 African Hydro Plant - The issues relating to the construction of the plant and then what has happened
to the project once the offtaker (Government) has seen lower cost new technologies come on-stream

 European Solar PV - This is probably the most accessible sector in Renewable Energy

 Kramer Wind Farm - This onshore wind farm was developed using a Corporate PPA with a consortium
of power buyers in The Netherlands.

Renewable Energy Project Finance Delegates quote: “This last three days was spent scrutinising the
latest financing structures and models, how they are changing in real-time and how to cope with
today's challenges. I especially appreciated the trainer's industry insights & experience.”

WHY CHOOSE BLUE ANCHOR

GROUP CONFERENCES & EVENTS
Learn from the Best
 Track Record – We have been delivering accredited, expert training to the administrative, banking,
commercial, energy, finance and SOE sectors around southern Africa since 2007.
 Innovation - continually reviewed so you can be sure we are focusing on the most current situations.
 Knowledge - all of our educators, trainers & presenters are highly experienced practitioners and leading
subject matter experts in the field, so you can be confident you are learning from the best.
 Small Class Sizes – to aid learning and increase your personal interaction with the trainer
 Value - we provide a very practical training experience with ability & skills that can be utilized to
immediately gain a tangible return on your investment. Utilize Your Senses and generate Rands.

DOWNLOAD AGENDA