Hydrology Chapter 6 Part II

Engineering Hydrology
CE 606
Chapter 6: Flood Hydrograph
Lecturer: SABINA PAUDEL

Content:
ØIntroduction
ØDesign flood and frequency
ØStatistical method of flood frequency
ØFlood prediction by rational and empirical methods
Log-Pearson Type III Distribution
Ø In this method, the random variate x are first converted to logarithmic form and then they are
analyzed.
Ø If X is variate of a random hydrologic series , then the series of Z variables where z=logx are first
obtained.
Ø For this z series, for any recurrence interval, T;
𝑧" = 𝑧̅ + 𝑘' ∗ 𝜎'
Where,
∑'
𝑧̅ =
+
∑('-')̅ /
𝜎' =
+-0
𝑘' = Frequency factor that depends on time (T) and coefficient of skewness (𝐶2 ); in table
+ ∑('-')̅ 3
𝐶2 =
(+-0)(+-4)56 3
After finding 𝑧" , the corresponding value of 𝑋" is obtained by;
𝑋" =antilog (𝑧" )
When the skew is zero, the log
Pearson type III distribution
reduces to log normal distribution.
Numerical:
The flood data of a river was analyzed for the prediction of extreme values by Log Pearson Type III
distribution. Using the variate z=logX, where X is flood discharge of the river, it was found that 𝑧̅ =
2.510, 𝜎' =0.162, 𝐶2 = 0.70
a) Estimate flood discharges with return periods 50, 100, 200and 1000 years in the river.
b) Find the discharge if log normal distribution is used.
Solution
a) 𝑧" = 𝑧̅ + 𝑘' ∗ 𝜎'
T (years) 𝑘' from table; 𝐶2 = 0. 𝟕 𝑧" = 𝑧̅ + 𝑘' ∗ 𝜎' 𝑿 " = 𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝑧" )
50 2.407 2.89 794
100 2.824 2.9675 928
200 3.223 3.032 1077
1000 4.105 3.175 1496
b) Log-normal distribution: 𝐶2 = 0
T (years) 𝑘' from table; 𝐶2 = 0 𝑧" = 𝑧̅ + 𝑘' ∗ 𝜎' 𝑿 " = 𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝑧" )
50 2.054 2.834 696
100 2.326 2.8868 771
200 2.576 2.9273 846
1000 3.090 3.0106 1025
Numerical:
The frequency analysis of flood data of a river by using log Pearson type III distribution yielded the
following data:
Return period T, years Peak Flood m^3/s
50 10000
200 15000
Given the following data regarding the variation of the frequency factor K with the return period T
for 𝐶2 = 0.40. estimate the flood magnitude in the river with a return period of 1000 years.
Rational Methods
It is applicable for only small size catchments(A< 50 Km^2)
𝑄KLMN = 𝐶 ∗ 𝑖 ∗ 𝐴
Where,
QRSTUU
C= coefficient of runoff= ≤1
QMVSUMWW
A= catchment area
i= rainfall intensity foe a duration of time of concentration
Y∗V∗Z
If “ i “ is in mm/hr and A is in Km^2 then , 𝑄KLMN =
[.\
Y∗V∗Z
If “ i “ is in mm/hr and A is in hectare then , 𝑄KLMN =
[\]
Runoff coefficient;
Kirpich’s Formula:
∑a
^_` Y^ Z^
C= 𝑡h = 0.01947𝐿].kk 𝑆 -].[mn
Z
Where,
Rainfall intensity:
𝑡h = time of concentration (minutes)
N" b
i= L= maximum length of travel of water (m)
(cd eM)f ∆p
S= slope of catchment = q
∆𝐻= difference in elevation between the most
remote point on the catchment and the outlet
Numerical:
An urban catchment area has an area of 85 ha. The land use of the area and the corresponding
runoff coefficient are given below.
1. Calculate the equivalent runoff coefficient
2. If the time of concentration is 45 minutes then calculate the resulting peak flow due to rainfall of 30mm in 30
minute.
Land Use Area (ha) Runoff Coeffecient (c)

Roads 8 0.7
Lawn 17 0.1
Residential area 50 0.3
Industrial area 10 0.8
Numerical:
A catchment has an area of 7Km^2. it has a runoff coefficient of 0.4 and time of concentration 40
min. If a rainfall of duration 50 minute results in 25 mm rainfall depth, estimate peak flow rate.
Empirical Methods
Dicken’s Formula
𝑄 = 𝐶s ∗ 𝐴[/u
Where,
𝐶s = Dicken’s constant= 6-30
A= Catchment area (Km^2)
Modified Dicken’s Formula

𝑄 = 𝐶s ∗ 𝐴[/u
Where,
00mn
𝐶s = 2.342log 0.6T log |
+4
Z}e\
P= 100*
ZeZ}
𝐴2 = 𝑠𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐾𝑚4
T= return Period
Empirical Methods
Fuller’s Formula
𝑄 = 𝐶U ∗ 𝐴].m(1 + 0.8𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑇)
Where,
𝐶U = fuller’s coefficient= 0.18 to 1.88
Modified Dicken’s Formula

𝑄 = 0.222 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ 𝐼 ∗ 𝐹
Where,
𝐼 = 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
F= area reduction factor
Assignment:
Data covering a project of 92 years for a river has a mean and standard deviation as
6437 and 2951 m^3/s. Using the Gumbels method estimate the flood discharge
with a return period of 500 years. What are the 95% and 80% confidence limits for
this estimate.
Assignment:
A river has 40 years of annual flood flow record. The discharge values are in m^3/s.
The logarithm to base 10 of these discharge value of 3.2736, standard deviation of
3.037 and 𝐶2 = 0.07.
value of k for 50 years return period
𝐶2 k
0.1 2.107
0 2.054
Calculate the 50 year return period annual flood discharge by:

1. Log-normal distribution
2. Log-Pearson type III distribution
Numerical:
An urban catchment area has an area of 90 ha. The land use of the area and the corresponding
runoff coefficient are given below.
1. Calculate the equivalent runoff coefficient
2. If the time of concentration is 50 minutes then calculate the resulting peak flow due to rainfall of 35mm in 30
minute.
Land Use Area (ha) Runoff Coeffecient (c)

Roads 10 0.7
Lawn 18 0.1
Residential area 50 0.3
Industrial area 12 0.8

Hydrology Chapter 6 Part II

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hydrology Chapter 6 Part II

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hydrology Chapter 6 Part II

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Engineering Hydrology

Lecturer: SABINA PAUDEL

Land Use Area (ha) Runoff Coeffecient (c)

Modified Dicken’s Formula

Modified Dicken’s Formula

Calculate the 50 year return period annual flood discharge by:

Land Use Area (ha) Runoff Coeffecient (c)

You might also like