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    Explain OOPs Concepts in Python - Class - Objects - Pol...

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    Explain OOPs Concepts in Python - Class - Objects - Pol...

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    sweatha8201
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    explain OOPs Concepts in Python_Class_Objects_Pol...

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    Explain OOPs Concepts in Python - Class - Objects - Pol...

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    sweatha8201

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    OOPs Concepts in Python:

    Here's a breakdown of the key OOPs concepts in Python, along with examples:

    Class:

    ● A blueprint for creating objects, defining their attributes (data) and methods (functions).
    ● Think of it as a template describing properties and behaviors common to a group of similar
    things.
    ● Example:

    Python

    class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name, breed):
    self.name = name
    self.breed = breed
    def bark(self):
    print("Woof!")

    my_dog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever")

    Objects:

    ● Individual instances of a class, each with their own unique data (attributes).
    ● They represent specific entities and can interact with other objects.
    ● Example:

    Python

    my_dog.bark() # Output: Woof!

    Polymorphism:

    ● The ability of objects of different classes to respond differently to the same method call.
    ● Achieved through method overriding in subclasses or using protocols like duck typing.
    ● Example:

    Python
    class Animal:
    def make_sound(self):
    pass

    class Dog(Animal):
    def make_sound(self):
    print("Woof!")

    class Cat(Animal):
    def make_sound(self):
    print("Meow!")

    animals = [Dog(), Cat()]


    for animal in animals:
    animal.make_sound() # Output: Woof! Meow!

    Encapsulation:

    ● Bundling data and methods together within an object, restricting direct access to internal
    data.
    ● Promotes data security and modularity by controlling how data is modified.
    ● Achieved using private attributes and methods (prefixed with _).
    ● Example:

    Python

    class Car:
    def __init__(self, model, year):
    self._model = model
    self.year = year
    def get_model(self):
    return self._model

    my_car = Car("Tesla Model S", 2023)


    # my_car._model will be inaccessible directly
    print(my_car.get_model()) # Output: Tesla Model S

    Inheritance:

    ● Allows creating new classes (subclasses) that inherit attributes and methods from existing
    classes (superclasses).
    ● Promotes code reuse and reduces complexity by leveraging existing functionality.
    ● Achieved using the class Subclass(Superclass): syntax.
    ● Example:
    Python

    class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, make, model):
    self.make = make
    self.model = model

    class ElectricCar(Vehicle):
    def charge(self):
    print("Charging...")

    my_electric_car = ElectricCar("Tesla", "Model 3")


    print(my_electric_car.make) # Output: Tesla
    my_electric_car.charge() # Output: Charging...

    Data Abstraction:

    ● Hiding unnecessary details and exposing only essential information about an object's data.
    ● Simplifies object interaction and promotes modularity by focusing on relevant information.
    ● Achieved using methods to access and manipulate data instead of directly accessing
    attributes.
    ● Example:

    Python

    class User:
    def __init__(self, username, email):
    self._username = username
    self._email = email
    def get_username(self):
    return self._username

    # No need to expose the email directly


    # Use getter method for controlled access

    my_user = User("johndoe", "[email protected]")


    print(my_user.get_username()) # Output: johndoe

    Remember, these are just basic explanations. Feel free to ask for further clarification on any
    specific aspect or if you have any additional questions!

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