Lesson 1.

2: Research
in the Area of Interest
Learning Objective

At the end of the lesson, the learner

should be able to;
• Explain the value of quantitative and qualitative
research in the area of interest.
 Learning Activities (Activating Prior
Knowledge)

Today let us have • c h e e a r r -

an activity by ____________________________________
providing the exact • v l q t t i i a e u a c h r r e e a s-
words among the ____________________________________
scrambled letter •vlqttiIaeuan chrreeas-
___________________________________
given below.
 • After answering
the activity,
describe each
word in one
sentence only.

Learning Probe (Analysis)

 Research in the
Learning
Time area of Interest
(Acquire New
Knowledge) The selection of research topics depends largely on the
researcher’s interest which usually goes hand in hand
with availability of data. As he or she goes through the
entire research process, the need to observe the
methodical procedure of data gathering, analysis and
interpretation should be given careful consideration.
 For Quantitative Research Study

Quantitative research gathers data

Quantitative researchers aim to
in a numerical form which can be
establish general laws of behavior
put into categories, or in rank order,
and phenomenon across different
or measured in units of
settings/contexts. Research is used
measurement. This type of data can
to test a theory and ultimately
be used to construct graphs and
support or reject it.
tables of rad data.
 For Quantitative Research Study

• In school, a quantitative researcher may investigate and

describe the varying causes of absenteeism and tardiness. A
researcher using quantitative designs will be interested in
finding the relationship between media and teenage
pregnancy.
 • Quantitative Research topics range
from simple descriptive, correlational
and associational studies to complex
inferential and experimental studies.
Natural sciences, health sciences,
engineering, mathematics, statistics,
education, social sciences, and
practically all disciplines are usually
the topic areas for a quantitative
inquiry.

For Quantitative Research Study

 Here, data are usually collected using statistical,
computation or experimental techniques.
The empirical
and measurable
nature of data In other words, the determination to use
dictates the quantitative methods depend greatly on the
choice of the research objectives and research problems.
researcher to
conduct It is important to note that not all research
research using problems require or can be answered by
a quantitative quantitative designs.
approach.
There are research problems that are proper for
quantitative methods and others for quantitative
methods.
Examples:

• What are the reading preferences of Junior High School students

by age group and by elementary educational affiliation (private or
public)?
• What are the perceived factors that causes and prevalence of
school misconduct?
• What is the demographic profile of voters in the last presidential
election?
 For Qualitative
Research Study
• Qualitative research is multimethod
in focus, involving an interpretive,
naturalistic approach to its subject
matter.
• This means that qualitative
researchers study things in their
natural settings, attempting to make
sense of, or interpret, phenomena in
terms of the meanings people bring
to them.
For Qualitative Research Study

In qualitative research it allows

By taking into account the local
for a detailed examination of
context, and can assist in
the thoughts, feelings, opinions
developing solutions that are
and/or experiences of
tailored to the particular
individuals, groups or
context.
communities.
 For Qualitative Research Study

An interest in qualitative data Since psychologist’s study

came about as the result of the people, the traditional approach
dissatisfaction of some to science is not seen as an
psychologists (e.g., Carl appropriate way of carrying out
Rogers) with the scientific study research, since it fails to capture
of psychologists such as the the totality of human
behaviorists (e.g., Skinner). experience and the essence of
what it is to be
human. Exploring the
experience of participants is
known as a phenomenological
approach (re: Humanism).
 For Qualitative Research Study

The aim of qualitative research is to

Research following a qualitative
understand the social reality of
approach is exploratory and seeks
individuals, groups and cultures as
to explain ‘how’ and ‘why’ a
nearly as possible as its participants
particular phenomenon, or
feel it or live it. Thus, people and
behavior, operates as it does in a
groups, are studied in their natural
particular context.
setting.
For quantitative research, the value lies on
the following features:
Numerical analysis allows for factual and objective data interpretation.

Relationships and associations of various concepts are scientifically established.

Fixed and rigid survey designs or experimental designs make the research more scientifically controlled.

The large number of sampling based on random selection allows for more scientific representation and
generalization.

Quantitative research allows conclusive findings and recommendations.

Quantitative studies provide for a good baseline database which can be used as basis for deeper
research.
The Specificity and
Feasibility of the Problem
Posed
There are several ways to obtain
the main objective of a quantitative
research.
Given the complexity of the
research task, the researcher can
consider certain research
prerequisites.
Two important considerations are
specificity and feasibility of the
research topic being studied.
1. Specificity
In quantitative research, specificity usually refers to narrowing down
the variables into measurable terms and determining the quantitative
techniques to use in the conduct of the study.

Given the research objectives, the researcher must first determine the
most appropriate quantitative research method to use.

Having decided on the specific approach means understanding and

determining the best method which usually requires logical and careful
thinking.
 2. Feasibility.

1 2 3 4 5

One of the crucial Apart from giving due Feasibility also includes the If the research topic or It if very important for
considerations in preparing consideration of the time measurability of the research variables are not quantitative research
a quantitative research plan requirement for conducting research variables. measurable or researchable designs to translate
is feasibility of the research a quantitative investigation, enough using the research topics into
method. the researcher is also quantitative design, then it measurable terms.
warned to determine the is not feasible for viable.
capability and viability of
the research method to
accomplish the research
objectives.
 For qualitative research, the value lies on the following
features:

1. Explain and gain insight and understanding of phenomena through intensive

collection of narrative data.

2. Inductive, subjective, holistic and process oriented.

3. Tentative and evolving and based on particular study.

4. Can use conceptual framework to explain structure of study; theories are only part of
the literature. Theoretical framework is not necessary.

5. Notice that qualitative data could be much more than just words or text. Photographs,
videos, sound recordings and so on, can be considered qualitative data.
Learning Task (Application)

• Instruction: This time let us answer some questions to assess whether

you learned something about the introduction of research. For offline
submission, your write your answer in a short bond paper using blue
ballpen. For online submission, you encode your answer in a bond paper
(A4), Tahoma (font style), 12 (font size), and margin 1x1x1x1. (Note 2
points each)
• Directions: List down possible measurable terms or variables the
identified research ideas. Some examples are provided.
Learning Check (Assessment)
• In this part, you need to detach this page using a scissor for offline
submission. This detached learning check output should be returned to
the teacher. For online submission, you can take a picture or image of
this learning check part and send or upload it in our google classroom
as an attach file or attach a photo.
• Answer the question(s) below to see how well you understand the
topics covered in the previous section. Use this quiz to check your
understanding and decide whether to (1) study the previous lesson
further or (2) move on to the next lesson.