Steel Bending and Fixing Notes

STEEL BENDING AND FIXING (Year 2 First Term)
Reinforcement
Reinforcement in building construction refers to the use of materials or structures to strengthen
and support a building or structure. This is achieved by adding additional components such as:
1. Steel bars
2. Wire mesh
3. Cables, or
4. Hoop irons etc
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These are used to provide added strength, stability, and durability to the structure.
Reinforcement is commonly used in the construction of buildings, bridges, tunnels, and other
structures to increase their load-bearing capacity, resist deformation, and withstand external
forces such as earthquakes and winds.
Functions of reinforcement in building Structures

1. Enhancing Structural Integrity: The primary function of building reinforcement is to
improve the strength and stability of a structure, making it more resistant to external
loads such as earthquakes, wind, and impact.
2. Increasing Load-Bearing Capacity: Reinforcing a building with steel or other materials
can significantly increase its load-bearing capacity, enabling it to support heavier loads
without collapsing or suffering damage.
3. Preventing Collapse: Reinforcing a building can help prevent a catastrophic failure, such
as a total collapse, which can lead to loss of life and property damage.
4. Extending Lifespan: Building reinforcement can prolong the lifespan of a structure,
allowing it to remain in use for many years beyond its original design life.
5. Improving Durability: Building reinforcement can enhance the durability of a structure,
making it more resistant to wear and tear, corrosion, and other forms of deterioration.
6. Enhancing Safety: Reinforcing a building can improve its safety, providing better
protection against fire, explosion, and other hazards.
7. Meeting Regulatory Requirements: Building reinforcement may be necessary to meet
regulatory requirements and building codes, ensuring compliance with safety standards
and minimizing liability risks.
Storage of Reinforcement materials on construction sites

Reinforcement materials used in building construction are usually stored on site, either indoors
or outdoors, depending on the type of material and the availability of space. Here are some
common storage practices for reinforcement materials:
1. Steel bars (rebars): Steel bars are usually delivered to the site in bundles or rods of
various lengths, depending on the requirements of the construction project. Steel bars
should be stored on a level and dry surface, protected from direct sunlight and rain. They
should be stacked in such a way that they do not bend, sag, or get damaged.

Steel bars should also be kept away from other construction materials that may cause
corrosion, such as salt, acid, or moisture.
2. Welded wire mesh: Welded wire mesh should be stored in a dry and well-ventilated
area, away from direct sunlight and moisture. It should be stacked in such a way that it
does not get deformed or bent.
3. Fiberglass reinforcement: Fiberglass reinforcement should be stored in a dry and cool
area, protected from direct sunlight and heat. It should be kept in its original packaging
until it is ready to be used.
4. Carbon fiber reinforcement: Carbon fiber reinforcement should be stored in a dry and
cool area, away from direct sunlight and heat. It should be kept in its original packaging
until it is ready to be used.
Types of buildings reinforcement

1. Structural reinforcement: This type of reinforcement involves improving the load-
bearing capacity of a building through the use of materials such as steel, concrete, and
timber.
2. Seismic reinforcement: This type of reinforcement is specific to areas prone to
earthquakes, and it involves strengthening the building to resist the forces generated by
seismic activity.
3. Fireproofing reinforcement: This type of reinforcement involves the use of fire-
resistant materials to protect a building from damage in the event of a fire.
4. Wind reinforcement: This type of reinforcement is specific to areas prone to hurricanes
or high winds, and it involves reinforcing the building to withstand the forces generated
by these events.
5. Moisture reinforcement: This type of reinforcement involves preventing moisture from
entering the building and causing damage, such as through the use of waterproofing
materials.
6. Environmental reinforcement: This type of reinforcement involves improving the
building's resistance to environmental factors such as extreme temperatures, air pollution,
and water quality.

Tools and equipment used in steel bending
1. Steel Bending Machine: This machine is used to bend steel reinforcement bars to a
desired shape.
Fig: Steel Bending Machine
2. Rebar Cutter: This is used to cut steel reinforcement bars to the required length.
3. Pliers: Pliers are used to hold and manipulate steel reinforcement bars during the bending
process.
Fig: Pliers

4. Hammers: Hammers are used to strike and shape steel reinforcement bars during the
bending process.
Fig: Hammer
5. Measuring Tools: Measuring tools like rulers, tape measures, and protractors are used to
accurately measure the length and angle of steel reinforcement bars.
Fig: Measuring Tape
6. Angle Grinders: Angle grinders are used to smooth out rough edges on steel
reinforcement bars after cutting.
Fig: Angle Grinder
7. Welding Machines: Welding machines are used to join steel reinforcement bars together.

8. Protective Gear: Protective gear like gloves, safety glasses, and hard hats are worn to
protect workers from potential hazards on the construction site.
Steel bending and binding

Steel bending is a process of bending steel bars to form specific shapes required in a reinforced
concrete structure. This is typically done using a steel bender, which is a machine used for
bending steel bars. The steel bars are inserted into the bender, and the machine applies pressure
to bend them into the required shape.
Once the steel bars have been bent, they need to be securely fastened to ensure they stay in place
when concrete is poured around them. This is typically done by tying the bars together using
steel wire. The wire is wrapped around the bars and twisted to create a secure binding.
The process of steel bending and binding/tying is critical to the structural integrity of a
reinforced concrete structure. If the steel bars are not properly bent or bound, the concrete may
not be able to support the weight it is intended to bear, leading to potential safety hazards.
Therefore, it's essential to have trained professionals perform these tasks.
Placement and fixing of steel bars

The placement and fixing of steel bars in concrete structures is a crucial step in the construction
process. Steel bars, also known as reinforcement bar, are used to strengthen concrete and provide
support against tension and compression forces. The following are the steps involved in the
placement and fixing of steel bars in concrete structures:
1. Preparation of the site: The site should be prepared by clearing any debris or obstructions
that may interfere with the placement and fixing of steel bars.
2. Marking and cutting of steel bars: The steel bars should be marked and cut to the required
length and shape using a steel cutter or a saw.
3. Bending of steel bars: The steel bars may need to be bent to the required shape and angle
using a bending machine or a manual bender.
4. Placement of steel bars: The steel bars should be placed in the formwork or mould in the
correct position and spacing as per the design and specifications.

5. Fixing of steel bars: The steel bars should be securely fixed to the formwork or mould
using wire ties, clamps or support chairs to ensure they remain in position during the
pouring of concrete.
6. Covering of steel bars: The steel bars should be covered with concrete to provide
protection against corrosion and to ensure they remain in their correct position.
7. Checking of steel bars: The steel bars should be checked for compliance with the design
and specifications, including the correct placement, spacing, and cover.
In conclusion, the correct placement and fixing of steel bars in concrete structures is essential to
ensure the structural integrity and safety of the building. It is important to follow the design and
specifications and to use the right tools and techniques to achieve a strong and durable concrete
structure.

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STEEL BENDING AND FIXING (Year 2 First Term)

BALUKU SAMUEL Probook

Functions of reinforcement in building Structures

Storage of Reinforcement materials on construction sites

BALUKU SAMUEL Probook

Types of buildings reinforcement

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Fig: Steel Bending Machine

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Fig: Measuring Tape

Fig: Angle Grinder

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Steel bending and binding

Placement and fixing of steel bars

BALUKU SAMUEL Probook

BALUKU SAMUEL Probook

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