Journal of Educational Social Studies

7 (2) (2018) : 123 – 131

https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jess/article/view/25501

Analysis of Informal Child Education to The Beggar Family Hadipolo Village

Chinatown Complex Kudus Regency

Setiana Eka Rini1 , Thriwaty Arsal2 & Purwadi Suhandini2

1
Junior High School Pangudi Luhur Domenico Savio, Semarang, Indonesia
2
Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Article Info Abstract

________________ ___________________________________________________________________
History Articles The role of parents influences the informal education of children. Informal
Received:
August 2018
education is education obtained from families and the surrounding environment.
Accepted: This study aims to determine the parenting style in informal child education in
September 2018 beggar families in Hadipolo Village, Jekulo District, Kudus Regency and to
Published: know the social interaction of beggar children in the community. The research
December 2018
method is qualitative. The informants in this study were beggars 'families,
________________
Keywords:
beggars' children and surrounding communities who met the data needs in the
beggar, study. Data validity techniques using data triangulation techniques. Data
informal education, analysis is carried out through four stages: data collection, data reduction, data
poverty presentation, and conclusion. The results of the study show that informal
____________________
education in beggar families runs even though informal education is more
DOI obtained from the community than the family environment itself. Informal
https://doi.org/10.15294 education does not run completely in the family because of one of the factors,
/jess.v7i2.25501 namely the lack of parental education and lack of parental time with children.
Lastly the social interaction between beggar children and the community of the
Hadipolo Chinatown complex is said to be running because of the similarity of
the fate of the residents of the Chinatown complex. Unlike the case when
interacting with the Hadipolo community which is already outside the
community relations complex, the Chinatown complex cannot be said to be
good, because of the historical factors that resulted in the interaction being
reduced.

© 2018 Universitas Negeri Semarang


Correspondence address: p-ISSN 2252-6390
Doktor Sutomo IV No.6, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, 50244
e-ISSN 2502-4442
E-mail: [email protected]

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Journal of Educational Social Studies 7 (2) (2018) : 123 – 131

INTRODUCTION Kartasasmita (Nurwati, 2008) factors that

lead to poverty include: low levels of education,
Poverty is a problem faced by all countries, low health status, limited employment, and
especially developing countries like Indonesia. conditions of isolation. Hanandita (2016) poverty
This is because poverty is multidimensional, index can be seen from the low level of education
meaning that there are various human needs, so and health. The role of parents in childcare
poverty also has many primary aspects in the patterns and environmental factors is very
form of poor assets, socio-political organizations, influential in the development of children,
knowledge and skills as well as secondary aspects especially in terms of education.
in the form of poor social networks, financial Parents who are less aware of children's
resources and information. Lewis (Sunarjan, education, will cause children to have morals or
2014) poverty can arise as a result of the values or characters that are not good in this era of
culture embraced by poor people, such as being globalization. Hyoscyamina (2011) states that
lazy, easily giving up on fate, lacking a work families are the first and foremost educators for
ethic, and so on. children and become an important basis in the
Sumodiningrat (Mussadun, 2016) divides formation of children's character.
the form of poverty into three, namely natural Marlin (2016) parenting that is applied by
(natural) poverty, structural poverty and cultural parents to children will indirectly give birth to a
poverty. The division of poverty into three is process of civilization (enculturation) which is
based on the causes of poverty, where the unwittingly implanted from childhood on
definition of poverty is: (1) Natural poverty is a children. Children will try to adjust to a culture
poor condition that comes from a poor that has long developed around the community
background. where children live.
Sumodiningrat (Hasanuddin, 2009) This Suharyanto (2015) mentions that in the
poverty refers to attitudes, lifestyles of socio- family the first time children get immediate early
cultural orientation values, or societies that are experience (parenting) that will be used as a
not in line with the ethos of progress provision for their life in the future through
(modernization) such as laziness, lack of desire to physical, social, mental, emotional and even
achieve, fatalist, oriented to the past, and not spiritual training. Parenting is a way of caring,
have an entrepreneurial spirit; (2) Structural where children are born, raised, and is a pattern
poverty is poverty caused by inequality in the of interaction between parents and children
structure of society caused by unbalanced (Amna, 2017).
income; (3) Cultural poverty is poverty which is Pidarta (2013) explained that personal
seen from the attitude of one's life, both lifestyle, development in a person first occurs in family
life habits and culture, where a person feels education. Family education in this case is
sufficient and does not feel deprived. informal education seen as first and foremost
Socioeconomic conditions that have not education. First education because the baby or
reached a level of social welfare that is good, child first gets to know the environment and gets
comprehensive and equitable can result in coaching from the family.
increased homelessness and beggars, especially in Musyaddad (2013) explained about
big cities (Muslim, 2013). informal education, that informally it self means
Asmawi (Hardiyantina, 2016) divides education that we can get through the
beggars into two groups, namely: (1) pure environment, relationships, and everyday at
beggars, namely beggars who have a certain place home, in this case the main education is informal
or not, whose livelihood is based on begging at a education where informal education takes place
certain time; (2) impure beggars, namely beggars in the family, namely education carried out by
who have a place of residence where part of their parents to children.
income is obtained from begging at a certain time.

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Journal of Educational Social Studies 7 (2) (2018) : 123 – 131

The purpose of this study was to determine RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

the beggar parenting in informal education of Parenting Family Beginnings in Children's
children in the beggar family of Hadipolo Village Informal Education
Chinatown complex in Jekulo District, Kudus The role of parents in childcare and
Regency, as well as knowing the social environmental factors greatly influences
interaction of beggar children in the community. children's development in terms of education.
Sunarjan (2014) the selection of a research Nilapaksi (Maharani, 2018) one's education is
area is very important to simplify and focus the very influential on people's decisions in doing
problem. The theory used in this study is the things. Pidarta (2013) explained that personal
dramaturgy theory of Ervin Goffman. development in a person first occurs in family
The dramaturgy theory will explain about education. Family education in this case is
the social interaction of beggar children in front informal education seen as first and foremost
of the stage and the interaction between peers, the education.
family as the back stage. More clearly dramaturgy
in this study is used when beggars interact in a. The purpose of parents teaching children
society, family, and peers for beggar children, The purpose of education in the family is
because when humans interact with their peers, to instill the values of goodness in a child from
someone wants to manage messages that are childhood, namely in the personal, moral and
expected to grow and be accepted by others, social aspects. The purpose of education seen
therefore, everyone performs for others or it can from the personal aspect is to teach children to be
be said that life is like a stage or stage show. responsible individuals in the future. Being
responsible in the sense that children will be able
METHODS to become individuals who can maintain the
family name and boast both parents and nation.
The research method used is a qualitative The second aspect in this case is moral.
approach. The qualitative method referred to by Education in the family is important to provide
researchers is a research that intends to find out moral provision for children. Family is the place
nomena namely hidden meaning or value, so as where education begins. Moral education in the
to produce descriptive data in the form of words family does not only contain delivery of what is
written or oral from the people and behavior right and what is wrong. Children will also see the
observed in the Hadipolo Chinatown complex as behavior of parents, if parents do not behave well
well as the Hadipolo Village community. unconsciously the child will imitate the actions of
This study focused on two things, namely: parents.
(1) parenting, and (2) social interaction. The last is the social aspect which aims to
Parenting here is focused on education, namely create a generation that is useful not only for
informal education in the family, where the writer itself, but also for the broader social sphere, so
wants to know more about the condition of that the child becomes a good person. The
children's education, and the efforts of beggar provision implanted from parents aims to make
parents to provide education to children. There the child have sensitivity to the surrounding
are 3 data collection techniques used in this study, environment. The purpose of education in the
namely observation, interview and document family will be achieved when parents also learn to
study. The validity of the data using data be responsible for the actions taken so that aspects
triangulation is the source and method. Data of learning can be accepted by the child well.
analysis was carried out through four stages: data
collection, data reduction, data presentation, and b. Begging family of Hadipolo Chinatown
conclusion by using interactive analysis data of complex in teaching children
Miles and Huberman. The main key to the success of children's
education lies in the quality of education held in

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Journal of Educational Social Studies 7 (2) (2018) : 123 – 131

the family environment, in this case informal and provided in families and the environment whose
formal education must be balanced. The role of learning activities are carried out independently".
informal education in the family is a demand that Talking about informal education is what
must be implemented so that children have a happens when a child is raised in an environment
brighter and insoluble future in life that is where most of the people work as beggars,
contrary to moral, social, and religious values, scavengers, thugs and even thieves. The results of
because informal education is the primary and research on the beggar family showed that the
first education given in the family. average community in the Chinatown complex
Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the had very low education. Table 1 is the last
National Education System Section 6 Article 27 education of the beggar family of the Hadipolo
which reads "informal education is education Village Chinatown complex.

Table 1. Education of Begging Families of the Hadipolo Chinatown Complex

Name Gender (F/M) Age Education
Beggar 1 F 72 years old Elementary school does not graduate
Beggar 2 M 13 years old Graduated from elementary school
Beggar 3 F 65 years old Graduated from elementary school
Beggar 4 F 10 years old Elementary school
Beggar 5 F 50 years old Elementary school does not graduate
Beggar 6 F 31 years old Elementary school does not graduate
Beggar 7 M 9 years old Elementary school

Based on table 1 the majority of the last so that children have a brighter and insoluble
education of beggar families is elementary school. future in life that is contrary to moral, social and
Beggars 1 and 2 are one family, where beggars 2 religious values.
are grandchildren of beggars 1, the same as The formation of a child's character starts
beggars 3 and 4. Beggars 5, 6, and 7 are one big from the family environment, if informal
family. The level of education of parents will education runs in the family environment, the
indirectly affect the mindset and orientation of goal of informal education will be achieved.
children's education, in this case the beggar Parents are the first role mode for children, if
family of the Hadipolo Chinatown complex also parents teach things that are not good with poor
functions as a place for children to learn since the environmental conditions, then the purpose of
child is born, as a provision for life in the future informal education will not go as it should.
and to build trust among others.
d. Informal education process
c. The material taught Education is the process of cultural
In accordance with Article 27 Section 6 of internalization into a person and society so that
Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National people and society become civilized. Education is
Education System, informal education is not just a means of transferring knowledge, but
education provided in families and the more broadly, as a means of civilizing and
environment whose learning activities are carried distributing values (enculturation and
out independently, so in this case there is no socialization). The informal education process is
specific material that must be formally presented not only carried out in the family environment
as in formal education, whose learning material but the community environment also influences
is academic and a clear curriculum. the process of running informal education.
Education that has an informal program is
not directed at serving organized learning needs. Environment of Beggar Family of Hadipolo
This educational activity is more general, because Chinatown Complex
it goes by itself, takes place in a family Families as first and foremost educators,
environment, the environment, playground, and are the founders of the basic values for children.
so on. The purpose of informal education is also Children need parental guidance so that children

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Journal of Educational Social Studies 7 (2) (2018) : 123 – 131

can develop well without experiencing problems. a role in the community and be useful for the
Children develop and grow beginning in the nation and the State, making children sometimes
family. Child development outcomes will affect under control.
the interaction with the social environment or
society, especially in adolescence, which is the c. Lack of knowledge
time when children begin to look for identity, and Families are less aware that the role of
in that case, children need guidance. parents and behavior in daily life directly or
Krisnaningrum (2017) one of the indirectly affects the development of children. If
characteristics of teenagers is choosing parents do not exemplify a good attitude in
relationships that tend to be more free without everyday life or teach children about goodness, it
being bound by school rules. Sunarjan (2017) is possible to influence children's behavior in the
explains that a person's characteristics are the future if the community environment is not
result of his experience in the environment. supportive.
The role of informal education in the
family is a demand that must be implemented so d. Less appreciation from the community
that children have a brighter and insoluble future The environment of the outside
in life that is contrary to moral, social and community that lacks respect for the community
religious values. Beggars' families in the of the Hadipolo Chinatown complex is
Chinatown complex in the process are not too sometimes just underestimated. The background
focused on children's education, even though of the Chinatown complex, which mostly works
there is a desire for children to attend higher as beggars, scavengers, mayeng (looking for
education. rubbish/used goods), thugs, even thieves/
Barriers that occur in the informal pickpockets, makes people assume that the
education process in the beggar family of the Hadipolo Chinatown complex community is not
Hadipolo Chinatown complex can be explained good and has been seen as bad for the outside
as follows. community, so there the Chinatown complex
community is difficult to find a better job, because
a. Lack of socialization in the wider the views of the community are different to the
environment residents of the Chinatown complex. This will
The social environment which is only in also hamper the role of the family in developing
the environment itself, namely the Hadipolo children in the Hadipolo Chinatown complex
Chinatown complex, makes children's thinking because it has been badly labeled by the outside
less developed, children rarely to socialize with community.
children of the same age and residents outside the
complex. This lack of socialization inhibits the Community Environment of Hadipolo
social development of children and adolescents, Chinatown Complex
because it makes the views and insights of Society as an informal education
children and adolescents less developed. environment has a role as a source of learning for
children or adolescents, the source of learning is
b. Low economic level in accordance with the values and norms that
The economy of the beggar family of the apply in each region. Based on the results of
Hadipolo Chinatown complex which is less able research the community has an influence in
to make beggars in the Chinatown complex focus channeling values and norms, ethical and
on meeting needs, even parents invite children to behaving, and sharing experiences.
beg, ironically supported by their own families, it The obstacles that occur in the informal
makes the children's attention lessened. Lack of education process in the community environment
awareness of parents in educating children to of the Hadipolo Chinatown complex can be
become children that can benefit the family, play explained as follows.

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Journal of Educational Social Studies 7 (2) (2018) : 123 – 131

a. The influence of peers Informal Education Evaluation

Based on the results of the study, many The results show that informal education
unfavorable environmental influences on in the beggar family of Hadipolo Chinatown
children and adolescents of the Hadipolo complex can be said to be running, in this case
Chinatown complex, especially for children informal education runs in the community, one
whose lives are often outside one of them is example is Mr. Tukimin, as the head of the
begging or singing. One example is Deni Saputra Chinatown complex RT who forbids children to
(13 years old) who is the adopted grandson of beg after school during the Semester
mbah Sumirah, he often interacts with street Examination, feared when a child is still begging
children or punk children on a daily basis, which for the value of the child will be down, even
causes Deni not to go to school anymore, besides though in the informal education process there
that, Deni also smokes at a young age. are still obstacles, as well as parents who pay less
attention to children about education. The
b. The ignorance of the community outside the concern of the Chinatown complex community
Hadipolo Chinatown complex for education and children's behavior indirectly
Another obstacle that arises is that the changes children to be better in an environment
outside community does not feel responsible for that has been badly labeled by the outside
the behavior of children and adolescents in the community.
Chinatown complex, even though the behavior of
children or adolescents includes the responsibility Discussion of Field Findings Theoretically
of the Hadipolo community. Outside the Based on Erving Goffman's View
complex community has not yet realized that the Individual actions regarding the
community directly or indirectly will affect the appearance of the beggar family of the Hadipolo
development of the teenager concerned. The Chinatown complex are in accordance with the
community of the Hadipolo Chinatown complex theory used by the researcher, Dramaturgi Ervin
must work together with outside complex Goffman's theory in which individual actions
communities so that children's behavior does not regarding the appearance of self that others want
deviate. to know are displayed as ideal as possible so that
others have a better impression. This certainly
c. Lack of good liaison media between outsiders shows the role of the character of an individual in
and beggars of the Hadipolo Chinatown raising relevant symbols that are considered to
complex strengthen the identity that individuals create
Parents are the first mode role for children. beyond their true identity.
Lack of awareness and understanding of older
people towards the role of education, as well as a. Front stage
the attitude of the outside community who are Kliwon market is one of the front stages or
less sympathetic makes children's social stage performances by beggars from the Hadipolo
development disrupted. One of the drivers of the Chinatown complex, every corner in the Kliwon
outside community lacks sympathy, namely the market and its surroundings is used as a place to
perceived or image of the community of the display its role as a beggar. Beggars in playing
Hadipolo Chinatown complex which is not good, these roles usually use personal fronts or personal
especially the beggar family. Residents of the personalities that consist of attributes or tools that
Chinatown complex also sometimes mistakenly are considered by the public as the equipment
respond to the attitude of the outside community, brought to the stage of the show. The front stage
because not all residents of the Chinatown was used as a theatrical stage by beggars to style
complex behave badly. The community only with body postures and facial expressions as well
looks bad because of the influence of the as clothes that could support his appearance in
environment in the Chinatown complex.

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front of the audience. The audience here is the complex, because the place has been branded
visitors and sellers in the Kliwon market. badly by the surrounding community and even
Attributes or tools used by actors or outside the Hadipolo community.
beggars are like clothes, accessories and
expressing faces according to the situation. A b. Back stage the beggar family of the Hadipolo
facial expression that is pleasing and brings small Chinatown complex
children to attract attention, makes people who Based on the results of the study, one of
see feel sorry and do not get hearted if they do not the backstage that can be seen is when beggars do
contribute. This is done as a structural analysis in not begging, as in the beggar family 3 when they
the sense that this front stage is used as a place to are not beggars, beggar 3 is a traditional trader.
present performances as ideal as possible, by Beggars 6 are housewives, while beggars 4 and
hiding certain things. Clothing and accessories beggars 7 are students. Another backward fact is
are only used to increase the level of income of the friendly attitude of citizens of the Chinatown
beggars so that the goals for meeting daily needs complex towards people who come to the
can be met. Hadipolo Chinatown complex, which is inversely
The community around the Hadipolo proportional to the assumptions of the outside
Chinatown complex is no longer sympathetic to community who consider residents of the
the residents of the Chinatown complex who are Chinatown complex to be aware of because the
beggars, because according to the outside environment has been branded badly by the
community, Chinatown beggars are said to be outside community.
capable of having vehicles such as bicycles and The results of other studies show that from
electronic devices such as televisions and the results of interviews and observations in the
cellphones. Communities outside the complex Bulusan tradition there are no beggars from the
consider that residents in the Chinatown complex Hadipolo Chinatown complex. Beggars at the
are also not good which results in interactions Bulusan tradition are mostly disabled beggars and
between the residents of the Chinatown complex not in the list of beggars from the Hadipolo
and outside the complex not functioning Chinatown complex, which is inversely
properly. The community also often accuses proportional to the public's assumption that
residents of the Chinatown complex when there beggars are from the Chinatown complex. The
is one of the missing property items. stage behind the beggar family is different from
There were many rumors in the the stage in front of him. People should not judge
community that the residents of the someone from the outside alone. Like in the
neighborhood were not good, because the dramaturgy theory of Ervin Goffman, that life is
residents of the Chinatown complex were social like a theater stage, to see the stage behind the
people, there were beggars, buskers, thugs, and family of beggars must seek more information so
even thieves. In the Lebaran Ketupat (a tradition that there will be no misunderstanding. If the
commonly practiced by the Javanese people on community not only sees the outside, surely the
the 8th day after the Eid-ul-Fitr festivities, namely social interaction between the outside
making ketupat and praying together at community and the community of the Hadipolo
the mosque and mosque) in Hadipolo village Chinatown complex will run accordingly,
there is a tradition of bulletin (traditional because not all residents of the Hadipolo
commemoration of the Islamic community in Chinatown complex are not good.
Kudus Regency). Bulusan tradition is always
crowded with visitors every year, which causes CONCLUSION
beggars to come to the place to beg even some
times there are thieves. The surrounding Based on the results of the research and
community always considers that the beggar and discussion that has been done it can be concluded
the thief are from the Hadipolo Chinatown that informal education in beggar families runs

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Journal of Educational Social Studies 7 (2) (2018) : 123 – 131

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