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    13.6 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

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    13.6 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

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    of 5

    MATH – 237 – Mathematics for Technologists – Spring 2024

    Instructor: Farzan Sarvestani

    13. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

    13.6: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

    Exponential Equations

    An equation in which the variable occurs in an exponent is called an exponential equation.


    Although some may be solved by changing to logarithmic form, they are generally solved by
    taking the logarithm of each side and then using the properties of logarithms.

    Example 1: Solve the equation 2𝑥 = 8.

    Solution:

    We can solve this equation by two different ways.

    a) Changing to logarithmic form:

    𝑙𝑜𝑔8
    𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 8 = =3
    𝑙𝑜𝑔2

    b) Taking logarithms of each side:

    𝑙𝑜𝑔8
    𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔8 ⇒ 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔2 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔8 ⇒ 𝑥 = =3
    𝑙𝑜𝑔2

    1
    Example 2: Solve the equation 3𝑥−2 = 5.

    a) Changing to logarithmic form:

    𝑙𝑜𝑔5
    𝑥 − 2 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 5 = 2 + = 3.465
    𝑙𝑜𝑔3

    b) Taking logarithms of each side:

    𝑙𝑜𝑔5 𝑙𝑜𝑔5
    𝑙𝑜𝑔3𝑥−2 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 ⇒ (𝑥 − 2)𝑙𝑜𝑔3 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 ⇒ 𝑥 − 2 = ⇒𝑥 =2+ = 3.465
    𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑙𝑜𝑔3

    Example 3: Solve the equation 2(4𝑥−1 ) = 17𝑥

    Solution:

    2
    Example 4: Exponential equation—application to atmospheric pressure.

    At constant temperature, the atmospheric pressure 𝑝 (in Pa) at an altitude ℎ (in m) is given by 𝑝 =
    𝑝0 𝑒 𝑘ℎ , where 𝑝0 is the pressure where ℎ = 0 (usually taken as sea level). Given𝑝0 = 101.3 𝑘𝑃𝑎 that
    (atmospheric pressure at sea level) and 𝑝 = 68.9 𝑘𝑃𝑎 for ℎ = 3050 𝑚, find the value of 𝑘 .

    Solution:

    Logarithmic Equations

    Some of the important measurements in scientific and technical work are defined in terms of
    logarithms. Using these formulas can lead to solving a logarithmic equation, which is an
    equation with the logarithm of an expression involving the variable. In solving logarithmic
    equations, we use the basic properties of logarithms to help change them into a usable form.
    There is, however, no general algebraic method for solving such equations, and we consider
    only some special cases.

    3
    Example1: Under a medium-growth projection scenario, an analysis of the population of
    Canada from 1981 to 2008 led to the equation 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑃 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 33.7 + 0.378 , where 𝑃 is the
    projected population (in millions) in 2036. Determine this population.

    Solution:

    Example 2: Solve the logarithmic equation 2𝑙𝑛2 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛3.

    Solution:

    4
    Example 3: Solve the logarithmic equation 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 1 = log(1 − 2𝑥).

    Solution:

    Homework 13.6

    3, 5, 9, 13, 15, 19, 27, 29, 31, 35, 37, 41, 43, 45, 49,51, 53, 55

    References:

    Basic Technical Mathematics with Calculus SI Version, 12ed

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