Formula sheet

b        
T(b)  T(a)  
a
T  d   
v
 F dv    dS
F
s
S
(  F )  d S   F  d 


      
dT  T  d   E 0  D  dS  Q
S
  d  0

E   E  
 q  qq  p
E
4 0 R 2
aˆ R F12  1 2 2 aˆ R
4 0 R
E aˆ R 2 cos   aˆ sin  
4 0 R 3

   P2  
 1  E  l aˆ r V2  V1    E  d 
E
4 0 V R2
aˆ R dv E   V 2 0 r P1

  1     
 p    P  2V   V   dv D   0 E  P  E
 4 0 V R
1 N 1 1 1
We   Q k V k
2 V
V dv We  CV 2
2 k 1
Q  CV We  
2 V
E 2 dv We 
2
   
F  q E  u  B 

 0  8.854  10 12 F / m 0  4  10 7 H / m F  - We

           0 I d  aˆ R
Fm  I  d   B J   J u I   J  dS
4  R 2
t s
B
   
aˆ n 2  H 1  H 2   J s
       J
4  R
  B  0 J B   A B 0 A dv
   
 B     B   B   B 
    M   J  E    

 0  t  E  d    S t  dS H
0
M
 
1 2 1   1 B2 1  B  E 
Wm  LI   A  J dv   dv     J   
2 2 2   k  t 
  
  E
2
B   E 
 2 E   2  0
t 
 d  I  
S t
 ds qE  m02 x  mx '  mx ' '

Nq 2 1     2 A 
r  n  1
2
E   V  A  2
A      J
m 0  02   2  j t t 2

 2V   k 2 I 0  1 1
 V   2  
2
B (sin  )[  ]e  jkR aˆ 
t  4 jkR ( jkR) 2

 k 2 I 0  1 1  jkR  k 2 I 0  1 1 1 
E (2 cos  )[  ]e aR  (sin  )[   ]e  jkR a
4 ( jkR) 2
( jkR) 3
4 jkR ( jkR) 2
( jkR) 3
 NTHU EE2140 Electromagnetism

Orthogonal coordinate systems

( 1 ) Cartesian coordinate system：

dz

( 2 ) Cylindrical coordinate system：

( 3 ) Spherical coordinate system：

dsϴ =𝑹𝒔𝒊𝒏ϴdRdΦ

Φ𝟏
 NTHU EE2140 Electromagnetism

Transformations between coordinate systems

( 1 ) Coordinate variables：

R  x2  y2  z2 Cartesian x , y , z 
x2  y2
  tan 1

z x  r cos 
 y y  r sin 
  tan 1   x  R sin  cos 
x r  x2  y2 zz
y  R sin  sin   y
z  R cos 
  tan 1  
r  R sin  x
  zz
z  R cos 
Spherical R ,  ,   Cylindrical r ,  , z 

R  r2  z2
r
  tan 1  
z
 

( 2 ) Unit vectors：

aˆ R  sin  cos  sin  sin  cos   aˆ x  aˆ x   cos   sin  0 aˆ r 
    
aˆ   cos  cos  cos  sin   sin   aˆ y 
  
aˆ y    sin  cos  0 
 
aˆ    sin  aˆ 
Cartesian aˆ , aˆ y , aˆ z  aˆ 
cos  0  aˆ   0 aˆ 
x
   z  z 0 1   z

aˆ x  sin  cos  cos  cos   sin   aˆ R  aˆ r   cos  sin  0  aˆ x 
    
  
cos  
 
aˆ     sin  cos  0  aˆ y 
aˆ y   sin  sin  cos  sin  aˆ 
aˆ   cos   sin  0  aˆ  aˆ   0
 z 0 1  aˆ z 
 z  

aˆ r   sin  cos  0  aˆ R 

    
Spherical aˆ , aˆ , aˆ  aˆ    0 0 1  aˆ  Cylindrical aˆ , aˆ , aˆ z 
R r
aˆ   cos   sin  0  aˆ 
 z  

aˆ R   sin  0 cos   aˆ r 

     
aˆ    cos  0  sin   aˆ 
aˆ   0 1 0  aˆ 
   z
 NTHU EE2140 Electromagnetism

( 3 ) Vector components：

Cartesian A x , Ay , Az 
 AR  sin  cos  sin  sin  cos    Ax   Ax   cos   sin  0  Ar 
    
  
cos  sin   sin  
 
 Ay    sin  cos  0 
 A   cos  cos   Ay   A 
 A    sin  cos  0  A   A   0 0 1  A 
   z  z  z

 Ax  sin  cos  cos  cos   sin    AR   Ar   cos  sin  0  Ax 

    
 Ay   sin  sin  cos  sin  cos     
0 
 
 A   A     sin  cos   Ay 
 A   cos   sin  0   A   A   0 1  A 
 z    z 0  z

 Ar   sin  cos  0   AR 
    
Spherical A , A , A   A    0 0 1   A  Cylindrical A , A , Az 
R r
 A   cos   sin  0   A 
 z  

 AR   sin  0 cos    Ar 
     
 A    cos  0  sin    A 
 A   0 1 0  A 
   z
 NTHU EE2140 Electromagnetism

Summary of vector relations

Cartesian coordinates Cylindrical coordinates Spherical coordinates

Coordinates variables x, y,z r , , z R , ,
Vector representation,
 â x Ax  â y Ay  â z Az â r Ar  â  A  â z Az â R AR  â  A  â  A
A=
x â x  y â y  z â z r â r  z â z R â R
Position vector OP 
for P  x, y, z  for P r ,  , z  for P R, ,  
aˆ x  aˆ x  aˆ y  aˆ y  aˆ z  aˆ z  1 aˆ r  aˆ r  aˆ  aˆ  aˆ z  aˆ z  1 aˆ R  aˆ R  aˆ  aˆ  aˆ  aˆ  1
aˆ x  aˆ y  aˆ y  aˆ z  aˆ z  aˆ x  0 aˆ r  aˆ  aˆ  aˆ z  aˆ z  aˆ r  0 aˆ R  aˆ  aˆ  aˆ  aˆ  aˆ R  0
Base vectors properties aˆ x  aˆ y  aˆ z aˆ r  aˆ  aˆ z aˆ R  aˆ  aˆ
aˆ y  aˆ z  aˆ x aˆ  aˆ z  aˆ r aˆ  aˆ  aˆ R
aˆ z  aˆ x  aˆ y aˆ z  aˆ r  aˆ aˆ  aˆ R  aˆ
 
Dot product, A  B  A x B x  A y B y  Az B z Ar Br  A B  Az B z AR B R  A B  A B

aˆ x aˆ y aˆ z aˆ r aˆ aˆ z aˆ R aˆ aˆ

 
Cross product, A  B  Ax Ay Az Ar A Az AR A A
Bx By Bz Br B Bz BR B B

V V
aˆ R  aˆ  
V V V V V V R R 
V  aˆ x  aˆ y  aˆ z aˆ r  aˆ  aˆ z
1 V
x y z r r z aˆ 
R sin  
1 
R 2 R

R2 A R  
A x A y A z A
1 
rA r     A z
 1 
 A     A  sin   
R sin  
x y z r r r z
1 A 
R sin  

aˆ x aˆ y aˆ z aˆ r r aˆ aˆ z aˆ R R aˆ R sin  aˆ

    1     1    
 A   2  
x y z r r  z  R sin  R  

Ax Ay Az Ar r A Az AR RA Rsin A

1   2 V  1   V 
R   sin  
 2V  2V  2V 1   V  1 V V
2 2
R 2 R  R  R 2 sin     
 V
2
  r   
x 2 y 2 z 2 r r  r  r  z 2  2V
2 2 1
R sin   2
2 2

Differential length,
 â x dx  â y dy  â z dz â r dr  â  r d  â z dz â R dR  â  R d  â  R sin  d
d 
d s x  dy dz d sr  r d dz d sR  R 2 sin  d d
Differential surface
d s y  dx dz d s  dr dz d s  R sin  dR d
areas, ds  d s  R dR d
d s z  dx dy d sz  r dr d
Differential volume,
dx dy dz r dr d dz R 2 sin  dR d d
d 