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    ENDOCARDITIS

    Uploaded by

    justkatirin
    diseaase

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ENDOCARDITIS

    Uploaded by

    justkatirin
    4 views17 pages
    diseaase

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    diseaase

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views17 pages

    ENDOCARDITIS

    Uploaded by

    justkatirin
    diseaase

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    ENDOCARDITIS

    by: Sarah Abad, Sophia


    Babatido, Azzille Ombalino
    and Monnic Pacarat
    CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
    AND MICROBIAL DISEASES

    is by supplying oxygen and illnesses brought on by microbes,


    nutrients to cells, eliminating these range from contagious and
    waste, transporting hormones acute illnesses like the common cold
    and other signals, and assisting to debilitating illnesses like AIDS.
    in controlling body temperature, Viruses are also the cause of
    the cardiovascular system mumps, polio, rabies, and other
    keeps the body in a state of acute illnesses.
    homeostasis.
    One example of a microbial disease is:
    ENDOCARDITIS
    WHAT IS ENDOCARDITIS?
    Endocarditis is usually caused by an infection. Bacteria,
    fungi or other germs get into the bloodstream and
    attach to damaged areas in the heart. Endocarditis is
    a life-threatening inflammation of the inner lining of
    the heart's chambers and valves. This lining is called the
    endocardium.
    Endocarditis occurs when bacteria or other germs
    enter the bloodstream and travel to the heart. The
    germs which are staphylococci (staph) and
    streptococci (strep) then stick to damaged heart valves
    or damaged heart tissue.
    SYMPTOMS

    1 Aching joints and 4 Night sweats


    muscles

    2 Chest pain when 5 Shortness of breath


    you breathe

    3 Fatigue 6 Swelling in the


    feet, legs or belly

    3 Flu-like symptoms, such 7 A new or changed


    as fever and chills whooshing sound in the
    heart (murmur)
    DIAGNOSIS
    Tests used to help diagnose endocarditis include:

    Blood culture test - this test helps identify


    1 germs in the bloodstream. Results from
    this test help determine the antibiotic or
    combination of antibiotics to use for
    treatment.

    Complete blood count- this test can


    2 determine if there's a lot of white blood cells,
    which can be a sign of infection. A complete
    blood count can also help diagnose low levels
    of healthy red blood cells (anemia), which can
    be a sign of endocarditis.
    DIAGNOSIS
    Tests used to help diagnose endocarditis include:

    Echocardiogram - sound waves are used


    3 to create images of the beating heart. This
    test shows how well the heart's chambers
    and valves pump blood. It can also show
    the heart's structure.

    Chest X-ray - shows the condition of the


    4 lungs and heart. It can help determine if
    endocarditis has caused heart swelling or if
    any infection has spread to the lungs
    DIAGNOSIS
    Tests used to help diagnose endocarditis include:

    5 Computerized tomography (CT) scan or


    magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - you
    may need scans of your brain, chest or
    2 other parts of your body if your provider
    thinks that infection has spread to these
    areas.
    CHAIN OF INFECTION
    The most common bacteria responsible for
    Infectious Agent:
    endocarditis include Streptococcus species,
    Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus species

    Reservoir: causing endocarditis is often the human body itself. Bacteria


    that are part of the normal flora of the mouth, skin, or
    gastrointestinal tract can serve as reservoirs. Infections in
    other parts of the body, such as the urinary tract or
    respiratory tract, can also serve as reservoirs when bacteria
    enter the bloodstream.
    Portal of Exit:
    In endocarditis, there isn't a specific portal of exit as
    the bacteria typically originate from within the body.
    However, bacteria can enter the bloodstream through
    various routes, such as dental procedures, invasive
    medical procedures, intravenous drug use, or
    infections in other parts of the body.
    CHAIN OF INFECTION
    Mode of Transmission:
    The mode of transmission involves the entry of bacteria into
    the bloodstream. This can occur through various means,
    including dental procedures causing bleeding, invasive medical
    procedures, intravenous drug use, or infections in other parts
    of the body.

    Portal of Entry: Once in the bloodstream, bacteria can travel to the heart
    and adhere to damaged areas, particularly heart valves. This
    damaged tissue serves as the portal of entry for bacteria to
    cause infection in the heart, leading to endocarditis.
    CHAIN OF INFECTION

    Susceptible Host:
    Individuals with pre-existing heart conditions, such as
    congenital heart defects, damaged heart valves, or artificial
    heart valves, are at higher risk of developing endocarditis.
    Additionally, individuals with compromised immune systems or
    other risk factors may be more susceptible to infection.
    MEDICAL TREATMENT

    After taking your blood cultures, your


    healthcare provider will start you on
    intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy. They’ll use
    a broad-spectrum antibiotic to cover as
    many suspected bacterial species as
    possible.
    MEDICAL TREATMENT

    If endocarditis damages your heart valve


    and any other part of your heart, you may
    need surgery to fix your heart valve and
    improve your heart function.
    PREVENTION
    Preventing endocarditis involves maintaining good oral
    hygiene, promptly treating skin infections, managing
    underlying medical conditions, avoiding intravenous drug use,
    following infection control measures in healthcare settings,
    attending regular medical check-ups, and, in some cases, using
    antibiotic prophylaxis before certain dental procedures or
    medical interventions. These measures aim to reduce the risk
    of bacteria entering the bloodstream and adhering to
    damaged areas in the heart, particularly in individuals with
    pre-existing heart conditions or other risk factors.
    Collaboration with healthcare providers is crucial to tailor
    preventive strategies to individual needs and circumstances.
    THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

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