Informe Finanzas
Informe Finanzas
Informe Finanzas
ACCOUNTING SCHOOL
COST ACCOUNTING
COURSE:
Finances
AUTHOR:
TEACHER:
Trujillo - Perú
(2024)
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INDEX
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I. INTRODUTION
Costs are an important pillar within any type of company, thanks to them
an industrial or manufacturing company that transforms raw materials to
obtain a finished product, can identify how much it invested in its
manufacture. Likewise, a trading company can know the cost it had to
pay to its different suppliers for the merchandise that in turn it will resell
at a higher price. And a service company can identify the total resources
involved in the elaboration of the service it will provide.
II. DEVELOPMENT
2.1. Definition of cost-volume-utility análisis
The Cost Volume Utility model or known by its acronym (CVU) is a vitally
important tool that allows us to determine the costs and the desired
profit, therefore small and medium industries should apply this model
because it allows to determine their costs and the profit that is expected
to be obtained, the information obtained from it serves for decision
making by the organization.
Cost-volume-utility (CVU) analysis studies the behavior and relationship
between these elements as changes occur in the units sold, the selling
price, the variable cost per unit or the fixed costs of a product.
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2.2. Assumptions underlying the CVU analysis
Changes in revenue and cost levels occur solely due to variations
in the number of units sold of the product or service. The volume
of units sold is the only factor that generates revenues and costs.
Similar to how a cost driver is any factor that influences costs, a
revenue driver is a variable, such as volume, that causally impacts
revenue.
Total costs can be divided into two components: a fixed
component that does not vary with units sold and a variable
component that changes with units sold.
When plotted graphically, total revenues and total costs show a
linear behavior (meaning that they can be represented as a
straight line) in relation to units sold within a relevant range and
time period.
Selling price, variable cost per unit and total fixed costs (within a
relevant range and time period) are recognized and given on a
constant basis.
An important feature of cost-volume-utility analysis is the distinction
between fixed and variable costs. However, it should always be kept in
mind that whether a cost is variable or fixed depends on the time period
for a decision. The shorter the time horizon, the higher the percentage of
total costs that are considered fixed.
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Operating income - Operating costs and expenses = Operating
utility
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price - Variable costs per unit
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It is a financial indicator that shows what percentage of sales contributes
to cover fixed costs and generate profits.
It is calculated with the following formula:
2.5. How would an increase in the profit tax rate affect the break-
even point?
An increase in the income tax rate does not affect the break-even point.
The operating profit at the break-even point is zero, and no income tax is
paid at this point.
2.8. "In CVU analysis, gross profit is a less useful concept tan
contribution margin." Do you you agree? Explain briefly.
In my opinion, the gross profit is just as useful as the contribution margin,
since it gives us the final value of the process, letting us know if there
was a profit and the exact amount of the profit.
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III. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
(April 12, 2022). How much to sell to avoid losses: the importance of
contribution margin. Blog Ualá. https://blog.uala.com.ar/emprendo-mi-
negocio/margen-de-contribucion/#:~:text=Margen%20de%20contribuci
%C3%B3n%20unitario,los%20costos%20fijos%20por%20unidad.