Tekla Structures Steel Detailing

American Conventional Steel
Detailing Process
TrueMind Solution LLP.

www.truemind.in
Index
1. Concept Imperial Units & Calculation
2. Geometry & Formula
3. Basic of Engineering Drawing
4. Shapes & Grades
5. Steel Structure & Detailing Industry
6. Conventional Steel Detailing Process
7. Concept of Steel Detailing
TrueMind Solution
Document No- TM/PM/001_V1.0_30-11-2018
1. Imperial Units & Calculation
Generally, two types of unit systems are used in industry. All other types of unit systems come under these two.
Mostly Imperial Unit System is used in USA & Canada but, it may vary depending on the Project & the Clients.
Imperial units (or) FPS - Feet Pound Second
Metric units (or) MKS – Meter Kilogram Second
FPS (Imperial units):
Dimension /Length is measured in foot / inch (ft / in)
Weight is measured in pound (lb)

Time is measured in Second (s)
Volume is measured in ft3 - in3
Density is measured in lbs/ in3
Imperial units’ Measurement & Representation:
1foot =12 inches 1inch =1/12 foot.

1kip = 1000 lbs 1lb = 0.001 kip
1ft = 1’- 0 1 inch = 0 – 1” (or) 1”
Feet / inch measurement:
Division in inch:
TrueMind Solution
Example of Addition in Imperial units:
2’ - 0 + 1’- 4 3⁄4 + 3’- 4 5⁄8
= 2’- 0 + 1’- 4 12⁄16+ 3’- 4 10⁄16

= 6’- 8 22⁄16
= 6’- 8 [16⁄16+6⁄16]
= 6’- 8 [1” +6⁄16]
= 6’- 9 6⁄16
= 6’- 9 3⁄8
5'- 11 13⁄16+ 14'- 10 7⁄8+ 19'- 8 1⁄8

= 5’- 11 13⁄16 + 14’ - 10 14⁄16+ 19 - 8 2⁄16
= 38’- 29 29⁄16
= 38’- 29 [16⁄16+13⁄16]
= 38’- 29 [1+13⁄16]
= 38’- 30 13⁄16
= 38’- [12 + 12 + 6] 13⁄16
= 38’- [1’+1’+ 6] 13⁄16
= 40’-6 13⁄16
Example of Subtraction in Imperial units:
6’- 0 – (1’-4 3⁄4) – (3’- 4 5⁄8)
= (6’- 0) – (1’- 412⁄16) – (3’- 4 10⁄16)

= (5’- 12) – (1’- 412⁄16) – (3’- 410⁄16)
= (5’- 1032⁄16) – (1’- 412⁄16) – (3’- 410⁄16)
= 1’- 2 10⁄16
= 1’- 2 5⁄8
16'- 11 13⁄16 – (14'-10 7⁄8)) – (0’-2 7⁄8)

= 15’-(12+11) 13⁄16 – (14’-1014⁄16) – (0’-214⁄16)
= 15’-23 13⁄16 – (14’-1014⁄16) – (0’-214⁄16)
= 15’-22 (16⁄16+ 13/16) – (14’-1014⁄16) – (0’-214⁄16)
= 15’-22 29⁄16– (14’-1014⁄16) – (0’-214⁄16)
= 1’-10 1/16
Example of Volume & Weight Calculation:
The weight of a steel plate whose length 2’- 0, width 2’- 0 and 1” thick.
3
Volume of plate = length x width x thickness = 24 x 24 x 1 in3 = 576 in
3
Density / unit weight of steel = 0.2836 lbs./in
Weight of the plate = Volume x density of steel= 576 x 0.2836 = 163.35 lbs.
Practice Question:
1. 5’- 8 9⁄16 (+) 4’- 2 1⁄2 (+) 2’- 1 3/4 =
2. 2’- 8 3⁄16 (+) 11’- 9 1⁄16 (-) 2’- 1 3/4 =
3. 3’- 2 5⁄16 (+) 4’- 9 1⁄4 (+) 2’- 1 1⁄2 =
4. 2’- 4 3⁄8 (+) 4’- 6 5⁄16 (+) 6’- 3 1⁄4 =
TrueMind Solution
5. 14’- 8 15⁄16 (–) 8’- 5 7⁄8 (–) 4’- 2 1⁄4 =
6. 8’- 4 13⁄16 (+) 4’- 9 3⁄8 (+) 7’- 3 1⁄2 (+) 3’- 8 3⁄16 (+) 5’- 2 1⁄16 =
7. 112’- 11 11⁄16 (+) 5’- 7 5⁄16 (+) 6’- 2 3⁄4 (+) 7’- 5 1⁄4 (+) 2’- 3 1⁄8 =
8. 92’- 0 (–) 9’- 2 7⁄16 (–) 6’- 3 1⁄8 (–) 8’- 0 3⁄16 (–) 9’- 4 1⁄4 =
9. 5’- 8 5⁄16 (-) 3’- 3 1⁄4 (+) 1’- 1 1⁄8 =
10. 111’- 4 5⁄8 (-) 4’- 2 1⁄16 (-) 5’-9 1⁄4 =
11. 11’- 7 15⁄16 (+) 5’- 3 7⁄8 (–) 2’- 8 1⁄8 =
12. 12’- 9 5⁄16 (-) 2’- 5 3⁄8 (+) 3’- 61⁄8 (-) 1’- 6 3⁄16 (+) 2’- 2 1⁄16 =
13. 11’- 9 1⁄16 (+) 2’- 7 5⁄16 (-) 11’- 9 3⁄4 (+) 7’- 5 1⁄4 (+) 2’- 5 1⁄8 =
14. 52’- 8 (–) 9’- 2 9⁄16 (–) 6’- 3 1⁄8 (–) 8’- 0 3⁄16 (+) 7’- 4 1⁄4 =
15. 5'-9 1/4 (+) 11'-10 3/8 (+) 19'-8 5/16 (+) 20’-10 1/2 =
16. 5'-11 13/16 (+) 14'-10 7/8 (+) 19'-8 1/8 =
17. 121’-11 5/16 (–) 21’-11 5/16 (–) 12’-11 5/16 (–) 2’-11 5/16 (-) 1’-11 5/16 =
18. 5'-9 1/4 (+) 11'-10 3/8 (+) 19'-8 5/16 (+) 20’-10 1/2 =
19. 11’-2 7/8 (–) 3’-2 1/16 (–) 4’-8 7/16 (+) 5’-0 =
20. 10’-1 1/16 (+) 2’-8 3/16 (–) 4’-9 15/16 =
21. Calculate volume of a steel plate whose length 1’- 0, width 1’- 0 and 2” thick.
22. Calculate volume of a steel plate whose length 2’- 6, width 1’- 3 and 2” thick.
23. Calculate volume of a steel plate whose length 2’- 6, width 1’- 3 and 1/2” thick.
24. Calculate weight of steel plate in Question 21, Density = 0.2836 lbs /in3
25. Calculate weight of steel plate in Question 22, Density = 0.2836 lbs /in3
Inches to decimal conversion:
TrueMind Solution
2. Geometry & Formula
Pythagorean Theorem:
This is the name of Pythagoras’ most famous discovery. It only works with right-angled triangles. The longest
side, which is always opposite to the right-angle, has a special name called ‘hypotenuse’. The square on the
longest side is equal in area to the sum of the squares on the other two sides.
Circles & Arcs:
A set of all points in a plane at a given distance from a given point in the plane.
Chord:
It is a line segment whose endpoints lie on the circle. Diameter is also a chord which passes through the centre of
the circle.
Tangent:
A line in the plane of the circle that intersects the circle in exactly one point.
Middle ordinate:
The perpendicular distance from midpoint of chord to circle/arc.
Arcs:
An arc is a part of a circle. A semicircle is one type of arc – half of a circle. A minor arc is smaller than a
semicircle. A major arc is larger than a semicircle.
TrueMind Solution
Formulas:
1. Circumference of a circle = 2.π.r (or) π.D.
2. Area of circle = π.r2 (or) π.D²/4
3. Chord length = 2.r. sin (Ø/2)
4. Middle ordinate, MO = r. [1- Cos (Ø/2)]
5. Arc length = π. D. (Ø/360)
Properties of Triangle:
1. The sum of interior angles of a triangle should be 180º. A + B + C = 180º.
2. The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to sum of opposite interior angles.
p + s = r; where p = b, s =a and r = a + b
3. Parallel line theorem Ѳ = ⱷ
Trigonometric relations:
Sin Ø = Opp. Side / Hypotenuse Ø = Sin-1 (Opp. Side / Hypotenuse)
Cos Ø = Adj. Side / Hypotenuse Ø = Cos-1 (Adj. Side / Hypotenuse)
Tan Ø = Opp. Side / Adj. Side Ø = Tan-1 (Opp. Side / Adj. Side)
Basic types of Surfaces:
Uneven Surface, Flat Surface, Slope surface and Step surface- Step Up & Step-Down Surface.
TrueMind Solution
Slope:
Slope surfaces are those whose are inclined from horizontal. Inclination of Slope surfaces can be denoted using
angles/bevel.
Bevel & Calculation:
Bevel is representation of the slope of an object. It is the distance of vertical/horizontal with respect to 1’-0 (or)
12 inches.
A / B = 12 / x Where, A= Vertical distance
B = Horizontal distance
X = Rise value for 1’-0 (or) 12”
Pitch:
Pitch is the inclination / slope of an object with 1’-0 (or) 12” as a base.
Representation of bevel:
Calculation of slope by percentage:
What does the 7% mean- 7% is the slope of the road. It means the road drops 7 feet vertically for every 100 feet
horizontally.
TrueMind Solution
Practice Question:
1. Calculate value of X, Y & Z.
2. A right triangle with sides 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm is rotated the side of 3 cm to form a cone. The
volume of the cone so formed is:
3. The angle of elevation of a ladder leaning against a wall is 60° and the foot of the ladder is 4.6
m away from the wall. What is the length of the ladder?
4. Calculate the value of third angle of a triangle, where Value of first angle = 10% of 60º + 90% of 30º
+ 30% of 50 & Second angle is right angle.
5. Area of a circle is equal to area of a rectangle, where value of pi (∏) = 3, Radius of circle = 2 X (5/16
+ 1/8 + 3/4 + 1/2 – 11/16), Length of a side of rectangle= 1% of 333 – 1% of 33. Calculate length of
diagonal of the rectangle
6. The ratio between the length and the breadth of a rectangular park is 3 : 2. If a man can cycling along
the boundary of the park at the speed of 12 Km/ H completes one round in 8 minutes. What is the
area of the park (in Square Meter).
7. Calculate the slope of a ramp in percentage with run of 51’- 0” and raise of 1’- 6”.
8. Calculate the slope of a ramp in percentage with run of 40’- 0” and raise of 1’- 2”.
9. Calculate the slope of a ramp in bevel with run of 51’- 0” and raise of 1’- 6”.
10. Calculate the slope of a ramp in bevel with run of 40’- 0” and raise of 1’- 2”.
11. Calculate area of the below figure in mm.
12. Calculate length of the arc AB. Diameter of circle is 7.5 cm for above figure.
TrueMind Solution
3 Basic of Engineering Drawing
Refer Engineering Drawing or Engineering Graphic book to study and practice following topics.
1. Basic Shapes
2. Line Types: Visible, Dimension and Extension, Hidden, Centre, Dotted, Break Line.
3. Dimensioning Method
• Continuous or Chain Dimensioning
• Parallel or Progressive Dimensioning
4. Projection:
• Orthographic Projection: 1st Angle & 3rd Angle Projection.
• Isometric Projection
5. Views:
• Principal views: Top, Bottom, Front, Rear, Left-Hand & Right-Hand views.
• Representation of cutting plane lines
• Section View
• Enlarged View
Scale:
The proportion by which the drawing of an object is enlarged or reduced is called the scale of the drawing. A
scale is defined as the ratio of the linear dimensions of the object as represented in a drawing to the actual
dimensions of the same. Drawings drawn with the same size as the objects are called full scale drawing. A
drawing has one scale. Sections & details may have different scale.
Types of scale: Reducing scale, Enlarging scale and Full scale (1:1).
Representative Factor:
In Imperial system, Scales are represented always with reference to 1’-0.
Example for reducing scale Example for enlarging scales
1⁄4”: 1’-0 1’- 0 : 1”
1⁄8”:1’-0 1’- 0 : 3”
3⁄8”: 1’-0 1’- 0 : 6”
1⁄2”: 1’-0
1” : 1’-0
TrueMind Solution
Practice Question:
1. A line drawn with a long section, short dash- What is the line type?
2. Draw the section line symbol?
3. What is ‘Representative fraction’?
4. Draw isometric drawing for following diagrams.
5. Draw orthographic drawings (3 views) for following figures in 1st & 3rd angle projection.
6. Select the correct view.
7. Calculate 6’-6 length in 1⁄4”: 1’-0 Scale.
8. Calculate 6’-6 length in 1’-0 : 1” Scale
TrueMind Solution
4. Shapes & Grades.
Structural Shapes:
1. Wide Flange
2. Channel
3. Angle
4. Structural Tee
5. Hollow Structural Section
6. Pipe
7. Plate Products
8. Raised Pattern Floor Plate
Structural Grade:
Grade helps to know the strength of the material. These are decided by ASTM depending on material chemical
composition. Different grade to be used depending upon the requirement of project. Material grade information for
a project is available in:
• General Notes in Contract Drawings
• Project Specification
• Typical Details and Section in Structural & Architectural Drawings (If UNO mentioned in General Notes)
Refer attached data sheet and following link for Structural Steel Dimensioning Tool for more details.
https://www.aisc.org/publications/detailing-resources3/dimensioningtool/
Practice Question:
1. Draw front view, top view & side view of following shape having length 6 inch.
TrueMind Solution
4. Draw front view, top view & side view of following angels having length 6 inch each.
5. Draw front view, top view & side view of following shape having length 6 inch each.
6. Draw front view, top view & side view of following shape having length 6 inch each.
8. Refer AISC Quiz session for practice.
TrueMind Solution
5. Steel Structure & Detailing Industry
Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction as an industry comprises six
to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries. Construction industry is the second largest
industry in this world, after agriculture. Even it is quite larger than the information technology, telecom or
electronics industries. This industry includes construction of residential & commercial buildings, roads &
transportation, airport, railway, port setup & expansion of new factory & industry- power plant, cement plant,
steel plant, chemical plant, oil & gas plant, on shore & offshore projects etc. At present business turnover of
construction industry is around US$ 9.0 trillion and every year it is increasing by 3.9 percent. In 2020, turnover
of construction industry is projected to be US$ 10.3 trillion.
Steel detailing industry is a part of construction industry. Steel detailing industry is responsible for preparation of
construction drawings for construction industry. Steel detailing is a specialist area of structural drafting. Steel
detailing is the process of translating design/ engineering/ contract drawings to shop & field drawings. This
process involves detailing of all steel parts for their interconnectivity & assembly during fabrication & erection.
Business Volume of Steel Detailing Industry business is around 2 to 3 percent of construction industry. Turnover
of Steel Detailing Industry is around US$ 180 billion to US$ 270 billion, in 2017.
Steel fabricator & erector require drawings for every piece of steel used on a structure. Structural steel detailing
is an important and mandatory process in all types of manufacturing and construction activities, such as erection
of residential and commercial buildings, factories and institutes, as well as shipbuilding. The process of steel
detailing is a vital 'communications link' that connects key professionals such as engineers, architects,
contractors, fabricators and others. Steel detailing services also include other important stages such as
reinforcing steel detailing, anchor setting plans, steel design, connectivity diagrams, bolt summary and material
estimation report. Structural steel detailing is a critical process of structural engineering and it demands almost
100% accuracy.
List of American Construction Standard:
1. The American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
2. American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM)
3. The Research Council for Structural Connections (RCSC
4. American Welding Society (AWS)
5. Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC)
6. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
7. National Institute of Steel Detailing (NISD)
8. Steel Joist Institute (SJI)
9. Steel Deck Institute (SDI)
List of parties involved in American Construction Industry:
1. Owner: Project/ construction are performed for the owner. The owner deploys general contractor (GC) to
control over all construction work on behalf of owner.
2. General Contractor: General contractor is responsible for complete the project or construction on behalf of
owner within stipulated budget, time with specified quality & specification. The general contractor deploys
Structural Engineer, Architect, Fabricator/ Erector & Detailer directly or indirectly under them to execute
project or construction work.
3. Architect& Structural Engineer: The Architect is responsible for overall design and layout of commercial
building projects. The Engineer is the registered design professional, who are responsible for the design of
the structural steel system.
4. Fabricator/ Erector the steel fabricator is responsible for fabrication of every piece of steel used on a
structure. The steel erector is responsible for erection of every piece of steel used on a structure at site.
TrueMind Solution
6. Conventional Steel Detailing Process.
A Steel detailer is a person who produces detailed drawings for steel fabricators and steel erectors. The detailer
prepares detailed plans, drawings and other documents for the manufacture and erection of steel members
(columns, beams, braces, trusses, stairs, handrails, ladders, joists, metal decking etc.) used in the construction of
building, bridges, industrial plans and non-building structures. A steel detailer’s projects are usually commercial,
residential, public industrial or municipal; low-rise residential projects. A steel detailer prepares two primary
types of drawings: Shop/ Fabrication drawings and Field/ Erection drawings.
Shop drawings: Shop drawings, also called as a detail drawing, are used to specify the exact detailing
requirements for fabricating each and individual member (or “piece”) of a structure and are used by the steel
fabricator to fabricate these members. Complete shop drawings show material specifications, member sizes, all
required dimensions, welding, bolting, and surface preparation and painting requirements, and any other
information required to describe each completed member. The shop drawings are intended for use by the
fabrication shop, and thus contain little or no information about the erection and installation of the steel members
they depict; this information belongs in the erection drawings.
Erection drawing: Erection drawing are used to guide the steel erector on the construction site (“in the field”). As
to where and how to erect the fabricated steel members. These drawings usually show dimensioned plans to
locate the steel members, and they often also show details with specific information and requirements, including
all work that must be done in the field (such as bolting, welding or installing wedge anchors). Since the erection
drawings are intended for use in the field, they contain very little specific information about the fabrication of any
individual steel member; members should already be completed by the time of erection drawings are used.
Project Input: For any project execution three types of input are required as listed following.
1. Construction standards & Statutory requirement: Building code, Safety code, Steel construction code,
Supplementary code.
2. Project Information: Scope List/ scope of work, Contract Drawings Set, Project Specifications (Division V)
and Schedule & Sequencing.
3. Fabricator Specification & Standards
Project Output: For any executed project four types of outputs are required as per client requirement. Same is
listed below.
1. Drawings: ISO Metric drawing, Shop drawings, Erection drawings, Sub material / part / Gather drawings.
2. Files
3. Reports
4. Logs:
Refer following link for Conventional Steel Detailing Process (Module-1 to 10) for more detail.
https://www.aisc.org/publications/detailing-resources3/detailer-training-series-online-course/
TrueMind Solution
7. Concept of Steel Detailing
Hole Marking: Detailer needs to mention hole locking dimension, hole diameter.
Surface & Edge Preparation: Detailer needs to provide rat hole preparation & top and bottom flange preparation
for full penetration welding, Mill finish, Square cut & saw cut information
TrueMind Solution
Material Attachment: Detailer needs to mention locating dimension in horizontal & vertical axis of attached
material, Minor piece mark, weld type & size.
Material Bending: Detailer needs to provide the Arc length, Chord length, Mid Ordinate and Radius and leg
dimensions, overall length, plate thickness and bending radius for bent plate.
TrueMind Solution
Refer following diagram to understand detailing practice.
TrueMind Solution
Refer AISC drawing and following questions for practice.
TrueMind Solution

Tekla Structures Steel Detailing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tekla Structures Steel Detailing

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tekla Structures Steel Detailing

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

American Conventional Steel

TrueMind Solution LLP.

2. Geometry & Formula

3. Basic of Engineering Drawing

4. Shapes & Grades

5. Steel Structure & Detailing Industry

6. Conventional Steel Detailing Process

7. Concept of Steel Detailing

FPS (Imperial units):

Dimension /Length is measured in foot / inch (ft / in)

Weight is measured in pound (lb)

Imperial units’ Measurement & Representation:

1foot =12 inches 1inch =1/12 foot.

Feet / inch measurement:

2’ - 0 + 1’- 4 3⁄4 + 3’- 4 5⁄8

= 2’- 0 + 1’- 4 12⁄16+ 3’- 4 10⁄16

5'- 11 13⁄16+ 14'- 10 7⁄8+ 19'- 8 1⁄8

Example of Subtraction in Imperial units:

6’- 0 – (1’-4 3⁄4) – (3’- 4 5⁄8)

= (6’- 0) – (1’- 412⁄16) – (3’- 4 10⁄16)

16'- 11 13⁄16 – (14'-10 7⁄8)) – (0’-2 7⁄8)

Example of Volume & Weight Calculation:

1. 5’- 8 9⁄16 (+) 4’- 2 1⁄2 (+) 2’- 1 3/4 =

2. 2’- 8 3⁄16 (+) 11’- 9 1⁄16 (-) 2’- 1 3/4 =

3. 3’- 2 5⁄16 (+) 4’- 9 1⁄4 (+) 2’- 1 1⁄2 =

4. 2’- 4 3⁄8 (+) 4’- 6 5⁄16 (+) 6’- 3 1⁄4 =

9. 5’- 8 5⁄16 (-) 3’- 3 1⁄4 (+) 1’- 1 1⁄8 =

10. 111’- 4 5⁄8 (-) 4’- 2 1⁄16 (-) 5’-9 1⁄4 =

11. 11’- 7 15⁄16 (+) 5’- 3 7⁄8 (–) 2’- 8 1⁄8 =

16. 5'-11 13/16 (+) 14'-10 7/8 (+) 19'-8 1/8 =

20. 10’-1 1/16 (+) 2’-8 3/16 (–) 4’-9 15/16 =

Inches to decimal conversion:

Circles & Arcs:

The perpendicular distance from midpoint of chord to circle/arc.

1. Circumference of a circle = 2.π.r (or) π.D.

2. Area of circle = π.r2 (or) π.D²/4

3. Chord length = 2.r. sin (Ø/2)

4. Middle ordinate, MO = r. [1- Cos (Ø/2)]

5. Arc length = π. D. (Ø/360)

1. The sum of interior angles of a triangle should be 180º. A + B + C = 180º.

2. The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to sum of opposite interior angles.

3. Parallel line theorem Ѳ = ⱷ

Sin Ø = Opp. Side / Hypotenuse Ø = Sin-1 (Opp. Side / Hypotenuse)

Cos Ø = Adj. Side / Hypotenuse Ø = Cos-1 (Adj. Side / Hypotenuse)

Basic types of Surfaces:

Bevel & Calculation:

A / B = 12 / x Where, A= Vertical distance

X = Rise value for 1’-0 (or) 12”

Calculation of slope by percentage:

1. Calculate value of X, Y & Z.

11. Calculate area of the below figure in mm.

In Imperial system, Scales are represented always with reference to 1’-0.

Example for reducing scale Example for enlarging scales

1⁄4”: 1’-0 1’- 0 : 1”

3⁄8”: 1’-0 1’- 0 : 6”

2. Draw the section line symbol?

3. What is ‘Representative fraction’?

4. Draw isometric drawing for following diagrams.

6. Select the correct view.

7. Calculate 6’-6 length in 1⁄4”: 1’-0 Scale.