Placed at the meeting of

Academic council
held on 26.03.2018

APPENDIX-AL
MADURAI KAMARAJ UNIVERISTY
(University with Potential for Excellence)

MODIFIED SYLLABUS FOR B.Sc. BIOCHEMISTRY

CBCS SEMESTER PATTERN
(w.e.f. 2018-19)

1. Introduction of the Programme

The Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry is a full- time programme spread over 3 years
and is divided into 6 semesters. The programme of study shall consist of 14 Core papers which
are compulsory, 12 Allied papers, 1 Elective paper, 2 Non major Elective, 5 Skill Based papers,
2 mandatory papers under Part-IV (Value Education and Environmental Studies) and 1 under
Part-V Extensive Activities. Each of these carries 100 marks. It has been developed to provide
students the opportunity to be trained in recent development in Biochemistry. The course is
designed to impart the students a vigorous training in Biochemistry both in theory and
experiments. Our approach is a comprehensive one. It is believed that teaching students both
how to ask and address questions. This Programme has been designed to expose students
knowledge in Biochemistry to contemporary national and international problems. At the end of
the course, students are expected to have state- of- the- art quantitative skills valued both in
academia and in the corporate world. During the course time, one gets as in-depth knowledge
about core subjects like Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Immunology.

2. Eligibility for Admission

Candidate should have passed the higher secondary examinations conducted by the Board
of higher secondary Education, Govt. of Tamilnadu or any other examination accepted by the
syndicate as equivalent there to
a) Biology/physics/ chemistry as subjects in the higher secondary education
b) Candidates should have secured at least 50% in the above subjects and above in the
aggregate
c) A relaxation of 10% marks in the aggregate will be given to SC/ST candidates
d) Candidates sponsored by the industrial / hospitals/clinical laboratories may also
considered for admissions.

1
3. Objectives of the Programme

 To offer the knowledge, understanding and skills to UG students.

 To offer a balance between Theoretical and Experimental –Biochemistry.
 To improve the employability of the students
 To develop core competencies on critical thinking skills, hypothesizing and solving
problems.

4. Outcome of the Programme

 It serves as a basis to build a purely academic profile for further studies and research in
Masters in Biochemistry.
 On successful completion of this course, one can apply for the Masters in Biochemistry.
The degree holders can opt for further higher studies and career in various specializations
of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
5. Core Subject Papers
Core Subject papers shall consists of 14 papers as listed below.

1. Biomolecules
2. Enzymes
3. Biochemical Techniques
4. Major- Lab-I
5. Metabolism
6. Microbiology
7. Major- Lab -II
8. Molecular Biology
9. Immunology
10. Plant Biochemistry
11. Biotechnology
12. Clinical Biochemistry
13. Major-Lab - III
14. Major Lab - IV

6. Allied Subject Papers

Allied papers shall consists of 124 papers as listed below.

1. Chemistry- Theory I
2. Chemistry- Theory II
3. Chemistry Lab I
4. Chemistry- Theory III
2
 5. Biology - Theory I
6. Chemistry - Theory IV
7. Chemistry - Lab II
8. Biology - Theory II
9. Biology Lab I
10. Biology - Theory III
11. Biology - Theory IV
12. Biology - Lab II

Major Elective

1. Food Technology

7. Non-major Electives

1. Health and Human Disease

2. Herbal Medicine

Skill Based Electives

Skill Based Elective shall consists of 5 papers as listed below.

1. Biostatistics
2. Nutrition
3. Medical Lab Technology
4. Bioinformatics
5. Endocrinology

Part-IV: 1. Value Education, 2. Environmental Studies

Part-V: Extension Activities

8. Unitization

Each subject Paper consist of five units. One unit (Preferably the 5th unit ) will be handled by the
students as a part of peer team teaching/learning process.

9. Pattern of Semester Examination

Three-year B. Sc., Biochemistry degree shall be having examinations of 14 Core papers,
12 Allied subjects, 1 Subject- Elective papers, 2 Non- Major Elective papers, 5 Skill Based
Elective paper, 2 mandatory papers under Part-IV (Value Education and Environmental Studies)
and 1 under Part-V Extensive Activities to be conducted in six semesters. First, third and fifth
semester examinations shall be conducted in the month of November. The second, fourth and
sixth semester examinations shall be held in the month of April. Each paper shall carry 100
marks of which 25 marks for internal assessment and 75 marks for external examinations for all
the theory papers. For practicals, 40 marks for internal and 60 marks for external.
3
10. Scheme of Internal Assessment

The components of Internal Assessment marks shall be as follows, for theory.

Test : 10 Marks (Average of the best two tests)
Assignment : 5 Marks
Seminar/ Group Discussion/Quiz : 5 Marks
Peer Team Teaching : 5 Marks
Total : 25 Marks
For practical’s, 40 marks is for internal.

11.External Examinations

External examination for each Theory paper shall be conducted for 75 marks.
Section A: 10 Multiple choice questions (One question from each unit) (10 × 1= 10 marks)
Section B: 5 either/ or type questions (One question from each unit) (5 × 7 = 35 marks)
Section C: 3 out of 5 questions. This may include 2 problems. (3 ×10=30 marks)
Total : 75 Marks.

12. Question paper pattern

a) For all 3 credits and above courses

The existing pattern of question paper will be as follows:

Time : 3 Hours Max Marks : 75

Section A : (10 × 1 = 10 Marks)

Question No. 1 to 10
1. Two questions from each unit.
2. Four choices in each question.
3. Answer all questions. Choose the write answer.

Section B: ( 5×7 = 35 Marks)

Answer all questions – Either or types
Answer not exceeding two pages.
(one question from each unit)
Question NOs.
11a or 11b
12a or 12b
13a or 13b
14a or 14b
15a or 15b
Section C: (3 × 10 =30 Marks)
Answers not exceeding four pages
Answer any THREE out of Five (one question from Each Unit)
Question Nos. 16-20
4
b) Practical Exams : External (Max: 60 marks)

Practical Exams: External (Max : 60 Marks)

One major experiment = 25

One minor experiment = 10
Two spotters = 05
Record book = 05
Viva voce = 15

The pattern for internal valuation for 40 marks may be:

a) Two internal tests of 25 marks each : Average = 25 marks

b) Observation book = 10 mark
c) One assignment = 05 marks

13. Scheme of Evaluation

Students shall be evaluated on the basis of internal tests, seminar, and assignment, peer-
teaching and external examinations. Question paper setters shall be requested to prepare scheme
of valuation for all the papers.

14. Passing Minimum

To get a pass, a student should fulfill the following conditions:

A) Theory:
1. 40% of the aggregate (External + Internal).
2. No separate pass minimum for internal
3. 27 marks out of 75 is the pass minimum for the External.

B) Practicals :

1. 40% of the aggregate ( External + Internal)

2. No separate pass minimum for the internal
3. 21 marks out of 60 is the pass minimum for the External

C) Project:
1. 40% of the aggregate (project evaluation + Viva- voce).
2. No separate pass minimum for viva -voce
3. 28 mark out of 80 is the pass minimum for the project evalution.

5
15. Model Question paper
Maximum Time: 3 hrs Maximum Marks: 75
Section A
Answer All Questions
All multiple choice Questions (10 × 1= 10 Marks)
Two Questions from each Unit
(Questions are numbered from 1 to 10)

Section B
Answer All Questions
(Either/ or type: either (a) or (b)) (5 × 7= 35 Marks)
One question from each Unit
Questions are numbered from 11 to 15)
Section C
Answer any three Questions
One question from each Unit (3 × 10= 30 Marks)
(Questions are numbered from 16 to 20)

16. Teaching Methodology

Methodology shall consist of stimulation of students’ interest, presentation of teaching

material, team formation and activities’ determination, conduction of activities and discussion
and assessment. For the sake of simplicity and easy understand, the methods like problem
solving, discussion, lab demonstration and lecture method shall be adopted. The use of ICT shall
be co- opted for the visual presentation of the lessons. One unit (mostly 5th unit will be handled
by the students).

17. Text Books: The list of text books is given at the end of syllabus of each paper.

18. Reference Books: The list of reference books is given at the end of syllabus

19. Re-totaling and Revaluation Provision

Students shall be provided the facility of applying for retotaling the marks within 15 days
after the publication of results on payment of a minimum fee fixed by the University and they
shall be allowed to apply for revaluation of their papers within 15 days after the publication of
results on payment of a fee to be fixed by the University.

20. Transitory Provision (3+3): Syllabus revision shall be done once in 3 years and afterwards
3 years shall be under transitory provision.

21. Subjects and paper related websites

The related websites for each paper shall be provided at the end of the syllabus wherever
necessary.

6
 FIRST SEMESTER

Title of the paper Weekly No. of Examinat Marks

content Credits ion
hours Internal External Tota
Hours l
Part I

Tamil 6 3 3 25 75 100

Part II

English 6 3 3 25 75 100

Part III

Core Subjects

Biomolecules 4 4 3 25 75 100

Enzymes 4 4 3 25 75 100

Major Lab-I 2 - - - - -

Allied Subjects

Chemistry Theory-I 4 4 3 25 75 100

Chemistry Lab -I 2 - - - - -

Part IV

Value Education 2 2 3 25 75 100

Total 30 20 600

 Tamil and English syllabi and workload are as per the other degree courses.
 The Allied-I (Chemistry) and Allied-II (Biology) syllabi are as per other degree courses

7
 SECOND SEMESTER

Title of the paper Wee No. of Exami Marks

kly Credits nation
cont Hours Internal External Total
Part I ent
hour
Tamil 6 3 3 25 75 100
s
Part II

English 6 3 3 25 75 100

Part III

Core Subjects

Biochemical 4 4 3 25 75 100
Techniques
2 3 3 40 60 100
Major Lab-I

Allied Subjects
4 4 3 25 75 100
Chemistry Theory-II
2 1 3 40 60 100
Chemistry Lab-1

Skill Based Electives

2 2 3 25 75 100
Biostatistics
2 2 3 25 75 100
Nutrition

Part-IV
2 2 3 25 75 100
Environmental Studies

Total 30 24 900

8
 THIRD SEMESTER

Title of the paper Week No.of Examinatio Marks

ly Credits n
conte Internal External Total
nt Hours
hours
Part I

Tamil 6 3 3 25 75 100

Part II

English 6 3 3 25 75 100

Part III

Core Subjects

Metabolism 4 5 3 25 75 100

Major Lab -II 2 - - - - -

Allied Subject

Chemistry Theory –III 4 4 3 25 75 100

Chemistry Lab-II 2 - - - - -

Biology Theory – I 4 4 3 25 75 100

Biology Lab-I 2 - - - - -

Total 30 19 500

9
 FOURTH SEMESTER

Title of the paper Wee No.of Examinatio Marks

kly Credit n
conte s Internal External Total
nt Hours
hour
Part I
s
Tamil 6 3 3 25 75 100

Part II

English 6 3 3 25 75 100

Part III

Core Subjects

Microbiology 4 4 3 25 75 100

Major Lab -II 2 3 3 40 60 100

Allied Subjects

Chemistry Theory- IV 4 4 3 25 75 100

Chemistry Lab- II 2 1 3 40 60 100

Biology Theory - II 4 4 3 25 75 100

Biology Lab-I 2 1 3 40 60 100

Part-V

Extension Activities - 1 3 100 100

Total 30 24 900

10
 FIFTH SEMESTER

Title of the paper Weekly No. Examinatio Marks

content of n
hours Cred Internal External Total
Part III its Hours

Core Subjects

Molecular Biology 4 4 3 25 75 100

Immunology 3 4 3 25 75 100

Plant Biochemistry 3 4 3 25 75 100

Major Lab – III 4 - - - - -

Major Lab -IV 4 - - - - -

Allied

Biology Theory -III 4 4 3 25 75 100

Biology Lab-II 2 - - - - -

Non-Major Elective -I

Health and Human 2 2 3 25 75 100

Diseases

Skill Based Electives

Medical Lab 2 2 3 25 75 100

Technology
2 2 3 25 75 100
Bioinformatics

Total 30 22 700

11
 SIXTH SEMESTER

Title of the paper Weekl No.of Examination Marks

y Credit
content s Hours Internal External Total
hours
Part III

Core Subjects

Biotechnology 4 4 3 25 75 100

Clinical Biochemistry 4 4 3 25 75 100

Major Lab – III 4 5 3 40 60 100

Major Lab-IV 4 5 3 40 60 100

Elective

Food Technology 4 4 3 25 75 100

Allied

Biology Theory - IV 4 4 3 25 75 100

Biology Lab - II 2 1 3 40 60 100

Skill Based Electives

Endocrinology 2 2 3 25 75 100

Non-Major Elective-II

Herbal Medicine 2 2 3 25 75 100

Total 30 31 900

12
 FIRST SEMESTER - MAJOR BIOCHEMISTRY- THEORY
Core Subjects: BIOMOLECULES
Unit I
Carbohydrates and polysaccharides- occurrence and general importance of carbohydrates- Basic
structure of glucose, its isomer and epimers and linkages- Biologically important disaccharides
like lactose, maltose and sucrose. .Polysaccharides- energy storage polysaccharides, starch and
glycogen- structural polysaccharide- cellulose.

Unit II
Lipids- Fatty acids- Classification of some naturally occurring Fatty acids into saturated acids,
unsaturated acids into, branched chain acids, hydroxyl and keto derivatives and cyclic acids-
Physical properties of fatty acids- Polymorphism, solubility, boiling point, absorption,
spectrochemical properties of fatty acids- Salt detergents and wetting agents, esters- reactions of
unsaturated fatty acids- hydrogenation, halogenations and oxidation. –Fats- Chemical
composition, Physical and chemical properties of fats- Waxes- phospholipids- Classification-
non phospholipids- steroids.

Unit III
Amino acids and proteins- Common amino acids of proteins- Physical properties of amino acids-
solubility, electrical properties, fundamental role of proteins in life- Composition of proteins-
General properties of proteins- Rudimentary treatment of structure, classification of the proteins
on the basis of their biological functions-.

Unit IV
Nucleic acids- fundamental role of nucleic acids in life processes- DNA and RNA-
Structure of bases, nucleotides and nucleotides- bonds linking the various bases, primary,
secondary and three-dimensional structures.

Unit V
Vitamins- Historical development to the discovery of vitamins- C- Brief mention of
source and physiological role of- Fat soluble vitamins- Vitamin A, D, E, and K- Water soluble
vitamins- Vitamin B complex, Vitamin C

References:
1. Biochemistry, Lehninger, A.L Nelson, Cox
2. Biochemistry, Lubert Stryer et al., Fifth edition, W.H. Freeman and company, New York,
2003.
3. Outlines of Biochemistry E.E.Conn and Stump, Fourth edition, Wiley Eastern Limited,
1989.
4. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by J.L.Jain.
5. Biochemistry, Donald Voet & Judith Voet, Wiley International Edition, 2004.
13
 ENZYMES
Unit I
Nomenclature and Classification, Function, isolation, purification and Characterization of
Enzymes.

Unit II
Enzyme specificity- Enzyme reactions oxidation, and reduction, isomerisation,
phosphorylation, acetylation and methylation, dehydration, decarboxylation, transamination.

Unit III
Enzyme substrate complexes- Michaelis and Menten kinetics: Determination of Km and
Vmax- line Weaver Burk plot- Factors influencing Enzyme reactions, Enzyme inhibition.
Unit IV
Mechanism of Enzyme actions, Role of coenzymes in Enzyme reactions -
Eg: CoenzymeA, NAD, FAD only -Zymogens.

Unit V
A brief account of clinical and industrial application of Enzymes-Enzyme immobilization
and its application- Biosensors and their applications.

References:
1. Enzymes- Nicholas Price.
2. Enzyme structure and Mechanism by Allan Fersht.
4. Biochemistry, Lehninger, A.L Nelson, Cox
5. Biochemistry, Donald Voet & Judith Voet, Wiley International Edition, 2004.

Allied Subject
CHEMISTRY - I
CHEMISTRY LAB - I
Part IV: VALUE EDUCATION

14
 SECOND SEMESTER
Core Subject : BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES
Unit I
Chromatography: Column, Paper and Thin layer chromatography, Adsorption Partition,
Ion exchange, Gas chromatography and HPLC , Gelfiltration. Dialysis

Unit II
Electrophoresis – Principles – Instrumentation, Application of different types of
Electrophoresis – Agarose, SDS PAGE. Principles and application of PCR.

Unit III
Centrifugation - Theory, relation between RPM and g- Differential centrifugation- other
types- Different centrifuges. Measurement of Gases: Manometry.

Unit IV
Colorimetry: Light spectrum and its wavelength regions- Complementary colours. Molar
Extinction co- efficient. Beer lambert’s law and its application.

Unit V
Radioisotopes in Biochemistry: Radioactivity, Elementary units, Deduction and
contification- Auto radiography, fluorography, Isotopic tracer technique, Isotope dilution
method.

References:
1. Tools in Biochemistry. Terrance G.Cooper
2. Separation methods in Biochemistry. CJOR Morris and Maris
3. Spectroscopy in Biology and Chemistry. Sow Hsinchem and Siney YI
4. The use of radioactive isotopes in the life sciences. Chapman and Aecrey
5. Manometric and Biochemical techniques. Umbrit and Burris
6. Practical Biochemistry, Wilson and Walker
7. Modern Experimental Biochemistry 3rd edition, Rodney Boyer, Pearson education, 2004.

Major Lab - I
1. Qualitative analysis of bioorganic compounds
a. Analysis of carbohydrates
b. Analysis of aminoacids
c. Test for proteins
d. Test for lipids - Test for cholesterol
e. Qualitative tests for DNA and RNA
2. Biochemical preparation
a. starch from potato
b. Lactose from milk
c. Casein from milk
d. Caffeine from coffee seeds
15
 3. Use of pH meter for the preparation of buffer
4. Verification of Beer –Lambert’s law using colorimeter
i) Determining the concentration of any given coloured compounds using a standard
graph.

Allied Subject: CHEMISTRY – II

Note: Chemistry practical syllabus will be as per the existing Syllabus.
CHEMISTRY LAB-I
Skill Based Elective
BIOSTATISTICS
Unit I:
Introduction: Basis of Statistics- Definition- Statistical Methods- Kinds of Biological
Data Collection, organization and Representation of Data:
1. Collection of Data - Types of data: primary Data, Secondary Data- Methods of Collecting
Data.
2. Sampling and Sampling Designs- Meaning and definitions- Random and Non random
sampling.
3. Editing the Data: Definition for editing, Objectives of Editing, Problems of Accuracy,
Problems of approximation and errors.
4. Classification of Data: Meaning, Definition, Objectives of classification of Data.
a. Ungrouped raw data- continuous- discrete variation.
b. Univariate frequency distribution, Continuous frequency distribution, discrete
frequency distribution.
c. Cumulative frequency distribution.

Unit II:
Tabulation: Meaning and definition - of parts of table - advantages.

Representation of the Data:

Diagrammatic: simple bar diagram, Rectangles, squares, circles or Pie diagram - Graphic
representation: Histogram, Frequency- Polygon frequency curve, cumulative frequency
curve or O give curve.

16
Measures of central Tendency:
Explanation, Types of averages:1. Arithmetic mean 2. Median 3. Mode Explanation
problems related to: ungrouped data, Simple grouped data: continuous, discrete series.

Measures of Dispersion
Explanation, Types of dispersion: 1. Range, 2. Mean deviation 3. Standard deviation and
Variance. Problems related to the above mentioned dispersion taking ungrouped data.

Unit III:

Measures of Symmetry:
Explanation and definition, Explanation for Skewness, Kurtosis of different types
moments, Tests of Skewness, Measures of Skewness, Measures of Kurtosis (problems not
necessary).

Unit IV

Probability:
Definition and Explanation:
1. Theorem and probability: addition theorem and multiplication theorem.
2. Types of theoretical distribution: Binomial distribution (simple problems, Poisson
distribution and Normal distribution (explanation problems not necessary).

Unit V:

Correlation and Regression

Correlation Explanation
1. Types of Correlation: Positive and negative correlation- simple partial and multiple
correlation- linear and non-linear correlation.
2. A method of studying correlation using Karl Pearson’s co-efficient of correlation
(simple problems related to correlation).

Regression analysis:
Explanation: Regression line - Regression equation: regression equation of X on Y,
regression equation of Y on X.

References
1. Statistical methods- S.P. Gupta
2. Biostatistics - A foundation for analysis in health science – Daniel
3. Biostatistical Analysis, Jerrold H. Zar, Fourth edition, Pearson Education, 2004
4. Research methodology- R.C.Kothari
5. Biostatistics – Palanisamy
6. Biostatistics - Arumugam

17
 NUTRITION
Unit I:
Food groups, food habits, food fads and fallacies, changing food habits. Carbohydrates: Kinds,
Functions, food sources- Fats: Kinds, Functions, food sources, essential fatty acids and
cholesterol

Unit II:
Proteins: Kinds, Functions, food sources, complete and incomplete proteins- Energy: Basal
metabolism, measurement of BMR, factors affecting BMR, regulation of body temperature,
energy needs, total energy requirement and energy value of foods.

Unit III:
Protein nutritional Nitrogen balance, Quality of food proteins and requirements, Protein nutrition
abnormalities, Protein deficiency disorder, PEM- Balanced diet formulation- Assessment of
nutritional status

Unit IV:
Nutrition at various stages of growth and development- Diets for infants, children, adolescents,
pregnant women, lactating mothers and older persons.

Unit V:
Nutritional challenges of the future: Food production and food storages, future foods, new
protein foods.

References:
1. Principles of Nutrition Determination Dietetics- Dr.M.Swaminathan
2. Advanced Textbook on Food and Nutrition- Vol-I&II, Dr.M.Swaminathan, second
edition.
3. Normal and Therapeutic Nutrition- Corine Robinson.

PART IV : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES: COMMON SYLLABUS

18
 THIRD SEMESTER
Core Subject : METABOLISM
Unit I:
Bioenergetics: High energy and low energy phosphates; Electron Transport chain,
Oxidative phosphorylation.

Unit II:
Carbohydrate metabolism: Conversion of simple sugars into glucose, Glycolysis, TCA
cycle, Energetics of TCA cycle, HMP shunt, Glyconeogensis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis.

Unit III:
Lipid metabolism: Oxidation of Fatty acid, energetics of oxidation, ketone body
metabolism, Glycerol metabolism, Biosynthesis of Triglycerides, phospholipids, Cholesterol
metabolism (Structure is not needed)

Unit IV:
Amino acid metabolism: A brief account of amino acid metabolism of Glycine, Cysteine,
Proline, Homoserine, Phenylalanine only.

Unit V:
Nucleic acid metabolism - Purine and pyrimidine bases – Biosynthesis of purine,
pyrimidine – biosynthesis of DNA and RNA –

References:
1. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry- 26th edition, Robert K.Murray, Peter A.Meyes, Victor
W.Rodwell. 2003
2. Principles of Biochemistry- Albert L.Lehninger. 2003
3. Bender, David, A, Amino acid Metabolism, Willey (1985).
4. Biochemistry by Devlin
5. Biochemistry, Donald Voet & Judith Voet, Wiley International Edition, 2004.
6. Biochemistry, Lubert Stryer et al., Fifth edition, W.H. Freeman and company, New York,
2003.

Major Lab II
Analysis of Lipids:

a. Determination of iodine number

b. Determination of saponification number.
c. Estimation of total cholesterol.

19
Analysis of Carbohydrates:

i. Estimation of glucose by (any two methods)

a. Phenol sulphuric acid method.
b. Anthrone method.
c. Benedict’s method
d. Copper reduction method.
ii. Estimation of pentose by Bial’s method.
iii. Estimation of fructose by Selivanoff’s method.
iv. Estimation of reducing sugar in a fruit.
v. Estimation of lactose in milk.

Proteins:
a. Protein determination- Lowry’s method
b. Protein determination - Biuret method.

Vitamins:
a. Determination of ascorbic acid (Colorimetry)
b. Determination of Nicotinic acid.

Allied Subject: Chemistry-III

Chemistry Lab-II Common Syllabus
Allied Subject: Biology-I
Biology Lab.-I Common Syllabus

Fourth Semester
Core Subject: MICROBIOLOGY
Unit I:
Organization and structure of microorganisms: General classification of microorganisms and
their characteristics. Prokaryotic organization- cytoplasmic membrane and their functions-
mesosomes. Cell wall- gram positive and gram negative reactions, capsules and slime layers-
Flagella and cilia- bacterial chromosomes, Plasmids, ribosomes, reserved food endospore.
Unit II:
Bacterial nutrition: Growth and reproduction- autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition-
bacterial photosynthesis- Bacterial metabolism- fermentation: homo fermentative and hetero
fermentative types- Binary fission- other modes of reproduction- Conjugation-
Transformation- transduction- sporulation- kinetics of bacterial growth - normal growth
curve.
20
 Unit III
Microscopy: Simple, compound microscope, light and dark field microscope, parts and their
functions, resolving power, aperture, electron, phase contrast microscope and their
applications.

Unit IV
Applied microbiology: Food microbiology - food spoilage, food poisoning, food borne
infection. Industrial microbiology - use of microbes in industries - ethanol, organic acid
(lactic and citric), antibiotics (Penicillin and Streptomycin) production. Microorganism and
milk - fermentation of milk, milk souring, proteolysis, alkali production, sweet curding,
butyric acid fermentation.

Unit V
Medical Microbiology: Pathogenesis and prevention of air and water borne diseases –
Typhoid, Cholera, Dysentry, Diarrhea, hepatitis, amoebiosis, tuberculosis, pox diseases,
diphtheria and poliomyelitis.

References:
1. Microbiology – A Human perspective, Nester, Roberts, Nester
2. Microbiology, Pelezar, Tata McGraw Hill company
3. Microbiology, 6/e Prescott, Harley and Klein, Tata McGraw Hill company 2006.
4. The Microbial world, Stanier, Prentice Hall
5. Microbiology, Tortora

Allied Subject

Chemistry Theory-IV Common Syllabus

Chemistry Lab.-II Common Syllabus

Biology Theory-II

Biology Lab.- I Syllabus will be as per the existing syllabus

Part-V –Extension Activities

21
 FIFTH SEMESTER
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Unit I:
Origin of Molecular Biology- Prebiotic origin of Biomolecules- Self replicating
Biomolecules- Advantages of compartmentalization of Biomolecules.

Unit II:
Chemical basis of hereditary- Nucleic acid as the genetic material - Chromatin structure and
composition.

Unit III:
Fundamentals of DNA structure and its replication – Types of DNA A, B and Z DNA- DNA
damage-DNA repair-Introduction to Genetic code - molecular changes associated with Gene
mutation

Unit IV:
Transcription of RNA – Post transcriptional modification -Modulation of gene expression -
Concepts of Operons-Inducers and repressors-Lac operon only.

Unit V:
Translation process - tRNA, rRNA, mRNA and their roles-Post translational regulation -.
Ways of gene transfer, transformation, transduction, conjugation.

References:
1. The Biochemistry of the Nucleic acids, 9th edition, 1981, R.L.P.Adams, R.H.Burdon,
A.M.Camphell, D.P.Leader, R.M.S. Smith Chapman and Hall.
2. Freifelder, D. Physical Biochemistry: Applications to Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology (2nd ed) Freeman (1982).
3. Molecular Biology- Freifelder.
4. The cell & Molecular biology Geoffrey M. Cooper, 2nd Edition, 2000

22
 Core subject : IMMUNOLOGY
Unit I
Definition: Immunity, host resistance, antigen, antibody, Leucocytes, lymphocytes etc.,
Principles of Innate and acquired immunity, Memory specificity - self/non self diversity -
introduction to cells and organs of the immune system.

Unit II
Types of immunoglobulins - Ig M, Ig G, IgA, and Ig D, Ig E- structure of antibody
molecule - IgG only .The nature of antigens- immunogen and hapten - T dependent and
T independent antigens.

Unit III
Antigen antibody interaction- agglutination-precipitation-immunodiffusion-
immunoelectrophoresis-redioimmunoassay-immunofluorescence-complement fixation -
ELISA- production of antisera- production of monoclonal antibodies..

Unit IV
Blood group antigen- Rhesus-incompatibility-major histocompatibility complex-autoimmune
disease-vaccines-immunodiagnostics.

Unit V
Hyper sensitivity- types-mechanism-transplantation-graft rejection, tissue typing, immuno
suppression, tumor antigen, cancer immuno therapy.

References
1. Roitt, I M, 2005. Essential of Immunology, ELBS, Blackwell Scientific Publication.
2. Kuby, J.2004. Immunology V Edition.W.H.Freeman and company, NY.
3. Immunology-Tizard
4. Immunology- Eli Benjamin

Core Subject: PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY

Unit I
Introduction: Occurrence, classification, structure and function of naturally occurring
pigments, Carotenoids, flavones, flavanols and chlorophylls.

Unit II
Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic apparatus and photosynthesis pigments, Light and dark
reactions of photosynthesis, C3, C4 and CAM plants - factors affecting photosynthesis,
photorespiration.
23
 Unit III
Plant Nutrition: Essential mineral nutrients - function, effects of toxicity and deficiency, N2
cycle, N2 fixation - symbiotic and asymbiotic Nitrogen Fixation - Nitrogenase, nitrate
assimilation - sulphur as a mineral nutrient, sulphate assimilation.

Unit IV
Plant growth regulators: Normal growth hormones- Auxins, GA, Cytokinins, Ethylene and
ABA - Synthetic growth hormones.

Unit V
Physiology and reproduction: Brief account on physiology of germination- Dormancy-
Photoperiodism- Vernalization. Plant tissue culture.

References:
1. Plant Biochemistry by Devlin and Witham.
2. Plant Biochemistry by Ross and Salisburry
3. Plant Biochemistry by Bonner and Varner, 3rd edition, Academic press.
4. Plant Physiology by Hopkins.
5. Plant Physiology, Noggle Fritz

Allied : Biology Theory-III Common Syllabus

Non-Major Elective-I: HEALTH AND HUMAN DISEASES

Unit 1:
Introduction- importance of being healthy- nutrition- exercise causes of disease- environment –
age – living conditions – Life style – obesity- BMI.

Unit 2:
Diseases – causes – symptoms- treatement of – heart diseases- jaundice- cancer-

Unit 3
AIDS- Nosocomical diseases- traveling disease- children and old age diseases – T.B- leprosy-
Dengue- Bird Flu.

Unit 4:
Diseases prevention – healthy habits, disease prevention awareness- vaccination- immunization
schedule-

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Unit 5:
First aid measures- accident Care- Bleeding and Wound Care – Fractures and dislocations,
electric shock burns – breathing emergency – Allergies- Pregnancy care.

Reference:
1. Microbiology – Alcamo.
2. Biochemistry – Thomas Devlin.
3. Fundamentals of Biochemistry – A.C. Deb.
4. Clinical biochemistry- Chatterjee.
5. Kavanagh James “ Emergency First Aid” – Waterford Publisher
6. Kathen Handal- The American Red Cross First Aid and Safety Handbook

Skill Based Elective: MEDICAL LAB TECHNOLOGY

Theory
Unit I:
Blood of urine analysis: Blood analysis – collection and preservation of blood- anticoagulants-
normal haematological values – prevention of clotting. Blood banking urine analysis- collection
and preservation of urine. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of urine culture- chemical
examination of urinary calculi.

Unit II
Mycology and Immunology: Mycology - Introduction to common fungal disease –
Investigation of fungal infections candiosis, Mycetomos, Cryptococcus.

Unit III
Immunology – Collection and preservation of serum- Measurement of Antibodies,
Agglutinations reaction, widals test, serological tests for syphilis- VDRL slide flocculation test,
ELISA.

Unit IV
Molecular Biology Techniques: Plasmid Analysis- polymerase chain reaction for detection of
diseses – sample processing for DNA extraction – DNA finger printing.

Unit V
Complete haemogram - grouping & “Rb” typing- Blood Bank Set up- Blood Collection
Screening, Storage, Cross matching & Blood Transfusion

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Reference:
1. Clinical chemistry – Teetz.
2. Practical chemistry – Varley.
3. Medical lab technology – M. Muckerjee.
4. Immunologu – Roit
5. Molecular biology – David frifelder.

BIOINFORMATICS
Unit I
Internet basics – Browsing – web – pictures-Videolinks- search tips and tricks-On line journals-
Literature database- Pubmed- Agricola

Unit II
Basic codes in Computing, computer networking and computer analysis, database management
systems (DBMS) and it’s applications.

Unit III
Information networks: Internet, Web, HTTP, HTML and VRLS, EMB net, NCBI and virtual
library.

Unit IV
Commercial databases and software packages specializing in DNA analysis, internet packages
BLAST & FASTA. Homology and diversity – evolutionary basis of sequence alignment-
searching for similarity.

Unit V
Sequence analysis; Sequence databases, biological databases and protein & nucleic acid
sequence analysis. GCG – Genetic Computation Group – Wisconsin package. Analysis Packages

References:
1. Attwood, T.K and Parry –Smith, D.J. Introduction to Bioinformatics, Pearson Education
Private Ltd., Singapore 2002.
2. Gribshow, Sequence Analysis, University Press. 2000
3. Introduction to Bioinformatics 2002. S.Sundarrajan & R. Balaji. Himalaya Publishing
House, Mumbai.
4. Bioinformatics 2003. D.R.West Head. J.H.Parish and R.M.Twyman. VIVA Books Pvt.
Ltd Chennai.
5. Bioinformatics – a beginners guide, Jean-Michel Claverie, Wiley, 2004.

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 SIXTH SEMESTER
Core Subject: BIOTECHNOLOGY
Unit I
Genetic Engineering – Introduction to gene cloning, restriction enzymes and mode of action,
Types of cloning vectors, plasmid, cosmid, M13 phage.

Unit II
Plant Biotechnology – vector for gene transfer using Agrobacterium only, Transgenic plants,
crop improvement.

Unit III
Animal Biotechnology – Genetic engineering in animals, Viral vector and Yeast vectors.
Transgenic animals.

Unit IV
Microbial biotechnology – Bioprocess – Basic principles of microbial growth, types, design and
operation of Fermentors, Oil spill clean by microbes, biodegradable plastics.

Unit V
Production of Novel proteins – Insulin – Interferons- vaccines- Gene therapy- Treatment of
Various human disorders.
References

1. Biotechnology by P.K.Gupta.
2. Text Book of Biotechnology by R.C.Dubey, 4th edition, 2006
3. Recombinant DNA technology by Watson.
4. Biotechnology – B.D.Singh, 3rd edition, 2008
5. Principles of gene manipulation. An introduction to genetic engineering by Old and
Primrose, 6th edition, 2004.
6. Biotechnology – S.S.Purohit, 3rd edition, 2008
7. Principles of Fermentation Technology – P.F.Stanbury, A.Whitaker & S.J.Hall,
2nd edition, 2007
8. Biotechnology by V.Kumaresan 6 th edition,2015.

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 CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Unit I:
Introduction: scope of clinical biochemistry- Development of clinical biochemistry. Laboratory
investigation in Clinical Biochemistry - Evaluation of laboratory test - Normal range- system of
international units- Techniques used in clinical assays.

Unit II:
Disorders of Carbohydrate metabolism: sugar level in normal blood- Hypo and Hyperglycemia,
glycosuria, obesity and Galactosemia. Glucose tolerance test- Inborn errors of carbohydrate
metabolism.

Unit III:
Disorders of lipid metabolism: hypo and hyper Lipoproteinemias, disorders of Triglycerides,
Phospholipids and Cholesterol metabolism- Inborn errors of lipid metabolism.

Unit IV:
Disorders of amino acid and protein metabolism: amino acid metabolism in starvation- disorders
of Plasma proteins, urea, Uric acid, Creatinine, ammonia, Uremia, Urecemia and Porphyria-
Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism.

Unit V:
Disorders of Nucleic acid metabolism: Purine and Pyrimidine metabolism- Gout, LNS, Orotic
aciduria, Xanthinuria.

References:
1. Physiological Chemistry- Hawk’s
2. Practical Clinical Biochemistry- Harold Varley, Fourth edition.
3. Clinical Biochemistry- Tietz
4. Biochemistry- Chatterjee.
5. Physiological basis for medical practice, Best & Taylor
6. Human Physiology, Guyton

Major LAB III

1. Blood Analysis:

1. Blood sugar - Folin Wu method

2. Blood urea - Urease method
3. Blood cholesterol- Ferric chloride method
4. Blood uric acid - Molybdate method
5. Creatinine- Picric acid method
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 6. Serum phosphorus
7. Estimation of haemoglobin
8. Blood Grouping ABO
9. Urine Deposits
10. Bleeding Time
11. Clotting Time
12. Prothrombin test

2. Urine analysis

a. Qualitative analysis for urine (sugar, urea, uric acid & Creatinine)

3. Estimation of Any two enzymes

a. LDH
b. Acid phosphatase
c. Alkaline phosphatase
d. SGOT
e. SGPT
f. Amylase
g. Urease

Major Lab-IV
1. Cleaning of glass wares
2. Preparation of simple culture media
3. Selection of suitable culture medium
4. Gram’s staining, motility - Hanging drop
5. Isolation of microbes - serial dilution, streak plate technique
6. RBC, WBC count
7. ESR- Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate
8. Enumeration of E.coli in milk and ice cream
9. Water Quality analysis

Demonstration only

1. Separation of aminoacids by Paper chromatography, TLC

2. Separation of proteins by SDS – PAGE
3. Identification of nucleic acids by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
4. Haemagglutination
5. Immunodiffusion

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 ELECTIVE: FOOD TECHNOLOGY
Unit I

Cereals and Pulses: Grain characteristics and plants products – wheat milling process – pasta –
nolldles- baking process. Rice processing- quick cooking dals- fermentation and germination.

Unit II

Fruits and vegetables: Structure, composition , physiological and biochemical changes during
ripening, hardling and storage.

Unit III

Processing of vegetables. Fruit processing- citrus juices, apple juices, slices. Grape juice and
raisins. Squashes jams, ketchups.
Unit IV

Milk and Milk products: Milk processing – pasturisation, homogenization, packing – fortified
milk,skim milk- cream, butter, cheese, ice creams, khoa, paneer, yoghurt.

Unit V

Meat, fish, and eggs: Aging, tenderizing, freezing- storage Fish preservation and processing-
Dehydrated egg powder, frozen egg – egg storage.

Reference:
1. Hand book on food biotechnology by NIIR Board, New Delhi.
2. Food processing and preservation- B. Sivasankar , Anna University, Chennai
3. Food and Nutrition- Swaminathan.

Allied
Biology Theory-IV Common Syllabus
Biology Lab-II Common Syllabus

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 SKILL BASED ELECTIVE: ENDOCRINOLOGY
Unit I:
Introduction to endocrine system, Hormones- definition, classification, Mechanism of action of
hormones, Class I and Class II hormone, role of second messengers in hormone action.

Unit II:
Hypothalamus and pituitary hormones- Hypothalamic releasing factors, vasopressing and
oxytocin. Biosynthesis, secretion, transport, regulation and biological effects of growth hormone.

Unit III:
Biosynthesis, secretion, transport, regulation and biological effect of thyroid and parathyroid
hormones, hormones of pancreas, mechanism of action insulin and glucagons.
Unit IV:
Gastrointestinal hormones – Pepsin, gastrin, Secretin and Cholecytokinin.

Unit V:
Adrenal anatomy, Adrenal Steroids - Glucocorticoids and mineralo corticoids, Sex Steroids-
Progesterone, Estrogens and Androgens

Reference:
1. Harpers biochemistry – Murray et al.,
2. Principles of Biochemistry – Smith et al.
3. William textbook of endocrinology – Wilson and foster 8th edition.
4. Human Biochemistry – Frisell.

NON MAJOR ELECTIVE-II: HERBAL MEDICINE

Unit 1
Introduction : Scope - Alternative systems of medicine – advantages – human system – herbals
for human system – definition.

Unit 2
Secondary metabolites : Source- different types – action – medicinal plants – pharmacological
action – toxicity.

Unit 3
Herbal cultivation : Plant – types - Methodology – marketing – economic potential –
pharmacological companies – manufacture – patency – GATT- TRIPS- WTO.

31
Unit 4
Herbal gardening : Types – methodologies – applications – home gardens – types –
methodologies – application – home made remedies – herbal formulations- herbal physiotherapy.

Unit 5
Plant propagation : Definition – types – grafting – endangered plants- need for conservation–
techniques – tissue culture – requirements - techniques - Micro propagation.

Reference:
1. Biotechnology of Secondary metabolites – K.G.Ramawat, J. M. Muritton.
2. Indian medicinal plants Vol-I to Vol – V :- A compendium of 500 Species – Orient
Longman
3. Introduction to spices, plantation crops, Medicinal aromatic plants – N.Kumar et. al.,

32