Раздел 2. Чтение place, making it 318 meters tall and beating the Bank.

It wouldn’t
keep this title for long: one year later the Empire State Building was
1) Установите соответствие между текстами A––G и
erected.
заголовками 1––8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании D. The Flatiron Building was constructed between 1901 and 1903 at
один заголовок лишний. the intersection of Broadway and Fifth Avenue. It was designed
by Chicago’s Daniel Burnham as a steel-frame skyscraper covered
1. Always in a hurry 5. Saving the variety with white terra-cotta. Built as the headquarters of the Fuller
2. The city of skyscrapers 6. Getting around the city Construction company, the skyscraper was meant to be
named Fuller Building. But locals soon started calling it “Flatiron”
3. Winning and losing 7. For the holiday and more
because of its unusual shape. The name stuck and soon became
4. Unknown side of the city 8. Nickname for a building official.
A. New York is really the melting pot of the world. Over 30 percent of
its residents have come from abroad. It is believed that the city has E. How does Rockefeller Center manage to find the perfect fur-tree
the greatest linguistic diversity on the planet. There are over 800 each Christmas season? They do aerial searches by helicopter, of
different languages divided among its people. As some of these course, and bring it to the city during the night when there isn’t
languages are nearly extinct, the City University of New York has much traffic on the streets. After the tree is taken down for the year,
begun a project called the Endangered Language Alliance. Its aim is it continues to be useful. For example, in 2005 Habitat for Humanity
to preserve rare languages like Bukhari, Vhlaski, and Ormuri. used the wood to make doorframes for houses for the poor and in
2012 the paper was used to publish a book.
B. New Yorkers love to think they know everything about their city:
where to find the best fruit, how to avoid paying full price at F. In New York life never stands still. People have to call cabs, ride
museums, what route to take to avoid traffic. But New York City subway cars, do business of all kinds, eat pizzas and sandwiches for
can reveal new treasures even to its veterans. Beyond the city where lunch. When you multiply that by more than eight million people in
New-Yorkers work, eat, play and commute every day lies a hidden less than 500 square miles, you get the idea: everyone goes
New York: mysterious, forgotten, abandoned or just overlooked. everywhere as fast as it is humanly possible. Whatever you do, don't
There are places about which you’re not likely to read in any stop in the middle of the sidewalk or you’ll make everyone around
guidebook. you incredibly angry.

C. The Chrysler Building was in a race with the Bank of Manhattan for G. New York is extremely easy to navigate. Manhattan is divided into
getting the title of the tallest skyscraper in the world. The Bank was numbered streets from north to south and avenues from east to west.
likely to triumph, with its height of 282 meters. But the spire of the It’s almost impossible to get lost there. Buses are useful to travel
Chrysler Building was constructed in secret inside the tower. Just around Manhattan, and the subway is the best means of transport to
one week after the Bank of Manhattan was finished, it was put in the other parts of the city. At some stage you’ll definitely use a
yellow taxi. Try to get one on an avenue that’s going in the same
 direction you are –– you’ll save time and money. And don’t forget with friends. Reusing food waste as compost is also an eco-friendly
to leave a tip for the driver. action.

A B C D E F G C. This year scientists devised a planetary health diet, presenting a way

to address the environmental impact of our food choices. It
recommends that the global average consumption of red meat should
be cut by half, while vegetables, fruit, pulses and nuts should
2) Установите соответствие между текстами A––G и double. The growing global call for organisations to take seriously
заголовками 1––8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. their responsibilities for halting climate change is impossible to
Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании ignore. Universities are now reacting to this: Goldsmiths has
один заголовок лишний. scrapped the sale of all beef products from its campus as it seeks to
become carbon neutral by 2025.
1. Show it matters to you 5. Eco-friendly travel
D. Forget fast fashion: keeping your clothes for as long as possible has
2. Institutions take action 6. Give them a new life much more than just monetary value. In the UK, clothing has the
3. Share the cost 7. Part of daily routine fourth-largest environmental impact after housing, transport and
food. We throw away more than half of our fast-fashion items within
4. An effect of what you put 8. Proper food management
less than a year. So recycle your clothes or mend them. If you don’t
on your plate
have those skills, see if there’s a sewing society you could join, or
A. What you eat matters: nearly a quarter of all greenhouse gases come head to a repair shop. Try clothes swaps with friends, and instead of
from agriculture, and most of those are from meat and dairy. Cutting buying new items, head to a charity or second-hand shop.
out meat is an easy way to reduce your carbon footprint, and you’ll
save money too. A meat-free diet has been recommended as the E. When you start living alone, you do your own decorating, washing,
“single-biggest way” an individual can reduce their impact on the cooking and cleaning. There are simple ways you can change your
planet. Meat and dairy consumption result in excessive land use, habits to live more sustainably. Wash your clothes at a lower
industrial emissions, water use and deforestation. However, make temperature, and opt for a bamboo toothbrush or more eco-friendly
sure you get all the necessary nutrients with other food. sanitary products. When shopping, see if there’s a zero-waste shop
nearby – Sheffield students’ union has opened a store selling dried
B. Whatever you choose to eat, try to shop locally and seasonally. You food, household products, toiletries and kitchenware all free from
will most likely avoid the plastic packaging you find in plastic packaging. Just turn up with your own container.
supermarkets, and these products will have a lower carbon footprint.
If you have the space – even just a windowsill will do – try growing F. Of course, the easiest way to make a difference is to cut out flying.
some of your own herbs or vegetables; it’s amazing what you can A return trip from Manchester to Berlin produces about 214 kg of
get from just a window box planter. You can also reduce food waste CO2; there are countries where the average person produces less
by planning meals in advance, eating leftovers and sharing meals carbon dioxide in a year. If you are planning a weekend away with
 new friends, try and travel by train or bus instead, and it’s even Forbidden City and the Summer Palace in Beijing, C__________. And
funnier when you have a company! Cut out just one five-hour flight then, there is the famous Great Wall of China, D__________ from the
and your carbon footprint will be a ton lighter. Opt for a hiking trip Yellow Sea to Central Asia. Its countless shrines demonstrate the spirit of
to a nearby lake or valley. You will get more exercise and fresh air, age-old Eastern religions. The cities of the Middle Kingdom, E__________
too! of over a million, and the coastal provinces, are today enjoying a soaring
economic boom.
G. Individual actions matter, as they demonstrate commitment and
Thanks to its size, China is a great tourist destination. It offers limitless
provide an alternative way to live. But campaigning and activism are
scope for exploration. Whether people choose to travel aboard a luxury
important too. University campuses can be the perfect place for this:
cruise ship, F__________, this country is full of incredible experiences and
91% of students are now concerned about climate change, according
sightseeing opportunities. China has something for every taste and all the
to a survey from the NUS. If you don’t know where or how to start,
essential ingredients for an unforgettable holiday in a beautiful country.
see if there are any societies at your university. Students of the fossil
free campaign, for example, have brought on huge changes by 1. after many decades of economic growth
calling on their institutions to use less fossil fuel.
2. more than 50 of which have populations
A B C D E F G 3. that dates back more than 5000 years
4. winding for 6,700 kilometres all the way
5. each recalling the days of China’s emperors
3) Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями 6. or during the latest years of economic boom
предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в
7. or seek out the peace of an ancient temple
списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие
соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу. A B C D E F
Unique country
The world first discovered China through the writings of adventurer Marco
Polo more than 700 years ago. Ever since, this large Asian country has
come to be regarded as the embodiment of everything that is mysterious and
exotic. Even now, A__________, this vast country has lost none of its
attraction. Indeed, the contrast between China’s ancient customs and the
new ultra-modern state has only increased the fascination with its
culture B__________.
It is a culture that is much celebrated by the Chinese themselves, as
evidenced by the preservation of such important historic sites as the
4) Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями 5. so one should plan for the journey as early
предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в
6. and it is clearly explained by the unique nature
списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие
соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу. 7. which is considered to be one of the most beautiful

Tourism in Kamchatka A B C D E F

The range of tourist activities in Kamchatka is really wide. The most wide-
spread type of tourism is ecotourism, A__________ and resources
of Kamchatka. Fishing, medicinal, cultural and ethnographical tourism are
5) Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–17. В каждом
popular as well. Kamchatka offers almost unlimited possibilities for
задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4,
those B__________, and gives the chance to climb not only mountains, but
соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
volcanoes as well.
Moreover, many rivers in Kamchatka are good for rafting. In winter one
Save a gap year until you graduate?
should be prepared for heli-skiing and skiing. In summer trekking, diving,
photo safari and bird watching are at one’s service. Besides, this region has Taking a gap year after your graduation exams has gone out of fashion. It
a good recreational potential, C__________ take some rest and improve could be down to its notoriety, now that voluntourism schemes are widely
health, thanks to the presence of almost every kind of mineral curative considered self-serving. And then of course there’s the cost, which many
water. Visitors should not forget to try famous Kamchatka students are avoiding in favour of travelling for a month or two. “A lot of
dishes, D__________ and other seafood, for example of salmon, my friends take the mick out of me saying, ‘Oh, you went to Cambodia on a
which Kamchatka is really famous for. gap year’,” says Beth Adams, 21, who studied politics and international
relations at the University of Manchester, and took a year out after
Many tourist camps were built in Kamchatka in the past few years. Tourist
graduating. “You do feel like you’re fulfilling a stereotype a bit.”
infrastructure is getting better and better nowadays. As for natural wonders,
tourists should not miss the famous rock “three brothers” protecting the city According to researchers, the number of people deferring their university
of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The city is located on the bank of the places has gone down from 8% in 2002 to around 5% last year. Instead of
bay, E__________ bays in the world. There is only one way to get there by postponing university study, many graduates are taking a year out after
plane from the European part of Russia –– from Moscow. The ticket price is receiving their degree. According to a survey carried out by YouGov and
quite high, F__________ as possible. London Stansted airport, more young people are taking a gap year after
university, and almost half of UK adults believe job prospects are enhanced
1. who are fond of extreme tourism by combining travel and learning. So is it better to save your gap year until
2. and tourists may just go there to after graduating?
3. which are often made of local fish Definitely, when you’ve been in education for all those years, where your
4. who wants to enjoy the nature as long life is September to July, a break is a good idea. You can recharge your
batteries and see the world outside the classroom. You can practise foreign
languages and improve your communication skills. You have time to figure It’s up to you to decide. What works out for others may not work out for
things out and a year of being able to work on different projects. As a result, you, and vice versa. You never know till you try.
you may land in a job in the industry you like.
12. Why is taking a gap year going out of fashion, according to Beth
Although some take a gap year after university because they have a job Adams?
lined up and managed to delay their start date, most are yet to secure work 1. It is boring.
and are biding their time. It’s a common misconception that such 2. It is quite expensive.
individuals immediately go abroad to volunteer or travel. In reality, 3. It is too long.
students don’t have the funds to do this. Many prefer to stay in their country 4. It is pointless.
juggling internships and part-time work. 13. Deferring in Paragraph 2 most probably means …
1. rejecting.
For those who do go abroad, a gap-year stint volunteering is no longer
2. delaying.
merely a way for middle-class kids to boost their CVs. Graduates say they
3. getting.
are making more considered choices. The practical experience of working
4. choosing.
abroad helps some of them get ready for a master’s, which is something
14. Which advantage of a gap year is NOT mentioned in the text?
they do not have time to do during their finals.
1. Understanding what you want.
Graduates are also using gap years to explore different career routes. 2. Experiencing a different culture.
According to recruitment firm Tempo, more than half of students feel there 3. Becoming better at languages.
is too much emphasis placed on graduate schemes when starting out in their 4. Having a rest and getting new impressions.
career. Elena Ricci, 23, who graduated from the University of Southampton 15. Which statement about Elena Ricci’s experience is FALSE?
last year, agrees. “After I finished my degree, I didn’t really know what to 1. She had a vision of her future job.
do. So I worked for a law firm for a month, and then I went to Cambodia on 2. She worked abroad for some time.
a placement. If I had gone straight into a grad job, I don’t think I would 3. She worked for a firm for a short time.
have been happy,” she says. 4. She is satisfied with her experience.
16. What is the danger of taking a gap year, according to the text?
Although graduates can bring great skills to volunteering and enhance their 1. Risk of losing important skills.
employability, there are some risks attached. “You are delaying your career 2. Having a career in the field you dislike.
or further study for a year and some employers may not get why you’ve 3. Misunderstanding on the part of employers.
done it,” says Manuel Otero, a senior lecturer in social sciences at Cardiff 4. Impossibility of further study.
University who specialises in the link between education and work. His 17. The author advises that students should …
advice is not to stand still. It makes sense to work out what to do, and one of 1. study on a master’s programme.
the best ways to find out what to do is to try it out. 2. copy what other people do.
After her year abroad, Ricci has now decided to start a master’s in 3. follow their own route.
September. She says graduates should ignore stereotypes and do what 4. try working after graduation.
works for them. So, do what you want, regardless of what others might say.
6) Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом Before you commit to a job, make employers aware of your timetable.
задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, “There have been numerous times where I’ve been put on a shift at the same
соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. time as a lecture or seminar,” says Josh Chapman, a third-year journalism
student at Sheffield Hallam. “That can be difficult, because you miss out on
information and teaching.”
Part-time work while studying
Meanwhile, jobs in retail and childcare – such as school pick-ups – offer
Oxbridge students are actively discouraged from working during term time, more sociable hours. My other friend says studying before shifts is better
but others have no choice. More than two thirds of students rely on loans, than being too tired to do it at the end of the day. “I had less time to play
but they don’t cover all the living expenses, which means that those who with, so if I had work at 1 p.m., I’d get up at 8 a.m. and get four hours of
don’t have financial support from their parents are forced to take on work. studying in before I went.”
For many, wages from part-time work are the only way they can make ends
meet. It’s tough and it’s often the students’ academic work that loses out. Prioritise your health. Remember that you’re paying to be at university and
get a degree, so don’t let your job make you weary. If you are exhausted,
This year, many freshers will be asking a familiar question: how much can you will not have the energy to study. Night club and bar work can mess
they work during term time before it impacts their degree – and what kind with sleeping patterns.
of jobs are most suitable?
Students from wealthier backgrounds can use their time to do relevant
The best and most understanding employers tend to be universities voluntary work and get involved in extracurricular activities. This is one
themselves. Many students have part-time jobs in cafés, bars and shops on reason why socioeconomic background is such a big predictor of job market
campus. You can also work on an ad-hoc basis as a guide on open days and success. However, Juan Garcia, employability and development adviser at
during freshers’ week. These will be at least minimum wage and are likely Queen Margaret University, thinks part-time work that complements study
to offer a healthy number of hours to fit easily around studies. can greatly enhance students’ employability after they graduate, and they
Longer term part-time jobs tend to provide a steady, though lower income. should seek paid internships.
However, you may need to consider how flexible your hours will be. My For those who achieve this, working is one way to get ahead. Onwa Wonci
friend who worked part-time as a waitress says that although she liked worked 20 hours a week while studying at university. She says it wasn’t
meeting people in the city, the work was often unreliable. “Once I didn’t get easy, but she was committed. The employer offered her a full-time job in
a shift for two months and it was too late in the year to get a new job. I was her final year. She wouldn’t have a job now if she hadn’t gone through
really short of money,” she says. those struggles. You work hard for some time, but then your efforts are
However, be careful what you sign up for. Hannah Brown runs Manchester rewarded.
University’s “job shop”, which offers advice to students and advertises 12. Why do many students need part-time jobs?
posts. She says more and more students are looking to work at university, 1. To pay student loans.
but they should be careful. Her team don’t advertise anything over 20 hours 2. To be independent of parents.
a week and their advice is not to work more than 15. “We always advertise 3. To buy expensive stuff.
flexible jobs and avoid anything commission-based,” she says. 4. To cover their living expenses.
13. These in Paragraph 3 (“These will be at least minimum wage …”)
refers to …
1. jobs on campus.
2. university open days.
3. part-time jobs outside the uni.
4. volunteer work.
14. What is the danger of working flexible hours?
1. A low salary.
2. Irregular communication.
3. An unstable income.
4. An unreliable employer.
15. Weary in Paragraph 8 most probably means …
1. distracted.
2. extremely tired.
3. totally disgusted.
4. very bored.
16. Which statement summarising the advice given in the text is
FALSE?
1. Avoid jobs that take up most of your time.
2. Inform your boss of your timetable.
3. Study before you work and get tired.
4. Work at night to study during the day.
17. According to Juan Garcia, part-time employment gives students a
higher chance to …
1. earn more money.
2. find a job when they graduate.
3. graduate with higher marks.
4. develop necessary skills.
18. The author of the article aims to …
1. advise on how to balance work and study.
2. highlight the disadvantages of part-time work.
3. explain how to find a part-time job.
4. persuade students to take up a job.