A PROJECT REPORT ENTITLED ON

“AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE OF HOUSEHOLDS TOWARDS SOLAR

ENERGY PRODUCTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PATTAMBI TALUK”
Project Report Submitted to the

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of

Bachelor of Commerce
Submitted by

MUHSINA MOL
REG No: KVAVBCM066

Under the Guidance of

RANJITH.P

ASST. PROFESSOR

RESEARCH AND PG DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

MES KEVEEYAM COLLEGE VALANCHERY

NAAC REACCREDITED WITH A+ GRADE (3.44)
VALANCHERY-676552 PIN-MALAPPURAM
2021-2024
I MUHSINA MOL, VI Semester B.Com student of Research and PG Department of
Commerce, MES KEVEEYAM COLLEGE VALANCHERY hereby declare that the project
entitled “AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE OF HOUSEHOLDS TOWARDS SOLAR
ENERGY PRODUCTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PATTAMBI TALUK” is the
record of the bonafide work that I have done under the supervision and guidance of
RANJITH. P in the Research and PG Department of Commerce, MES KEVEEYAM
College Valanchery as a part of the curriculum. It is declared that this project report and any
part of it have not been published for the award of degree, diploma, title or reorganization before.

PLACE: VALANCHERY MUHSINA MOL

DATE:
 Head, PG Department of Commerce
M E S KEVEEYAM COLLEGE
(Affiliated to the University of Calicut)
Valanchery – 676552, Malappuram Dt., Kerala State.
Phone: 0494 – 2644380, 2642670, 2641347(Fax),
www.meskvmcollege.org Email: [email protected]

This is to certify that the project report entitled “AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE OF
HOUSEHOLDS TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTS WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO PATTAMBI TALUK” is the record of bonafide works that MUHSINA
MOL , VI Semester B.Com student Research and PG Department of Commerce has done under
my supervision and guidance. The project has not previously formed the basis for the award of
any degree, diploma, associate ship, fellowship or any other similar title or recognition from
this or any other Institute or University.

PLACE: VALANCHERY HASNATH. T

DATE: (HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT)

 Guide, Research & PG Department of Commerce
M E S KEVEEYAM COLLEGE
(Affiliated to the University of Calicut)
Valanchery – 676552, Malappuram Dt., Kerala State.
Phone: 0494 – 2644380, 2642670, 2641347(Fax),
www.meskvmcollege.org Email: [email protected]

This is to certify that the project report entitled “AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE
OF HOUSEHOLDS TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTS WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO PATTAMBI TALUK” is the record of bonafide works that
MUHSINA MOL, VI Semester B. Com student Research and PG Department of Commerce
has done under my supervision and guidance. The project has not previously formed the
basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associate ship, fellowship or any other similar
title or recognition from this or any other Institute or University.

PLACE: VALANCHERY RANJITH.P

DATE: (SUPERVISING TEACHER)

 This project would not have been possible without contribution and support of
many people, to all of whom I am deeply indebted.

First and foremost, I thank God for his Almighty support and merely drop of
blessings upon me to complete my project within the stipulated time.

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. VINOD KUMAR K P the respected

principal of our college, his support and encouragement have been a catalyst to the
successful completion of this work.

I extremely thankful to HASNATH T, Head of the Department for the constant

support and encouragement granted throughout the project.

I express my profound gratitude and indebtedness to my supervising teacher,

RANJITH.P Assistant Professor, Research and PG Department of Commerce, MES
KEVEEYAM COLLEGE VALANCHERY for the guidance and help extended to me at all
times of my work. The timely suggestions, scholarly instructions and constant blessings
that I received from my guide encouraged me to successfully complete my work.

I am also indebted to all lecturers, friends and associates for their valuable advice,
stimulated suggestions and overwhelming support, without which the project would not
have been a success.

I wish to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my dear friends for their prayers and for
their constant encouragement. This thesis would not have been complete without the
support and prayers of my parents, brothers and sisters. I thank them for all the love,
prayers, blessings and encouragement.

MUHSINA MOL
 CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO.
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTR0DUCTION
1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.6 SOURCE OF THE DATA COLLECTION
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
3.1 MEANING OF SOLAR ENERGY
CHAPTER III 3.2 TYPE OF SOLAR PRODUCT
3.3ADVENTAGES AND DISADVENTAGES OF
SOLAR ENERGY

DATA ANALYSIS AND

CHAPTER IV
INTERPREATATION

FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION

BIBILOGRAPHY

APPENDIX
 LIST OF TABLE

TABLE NAME OF THE TABLE PAGE NO

NO
4.1 TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
4.2 TABLE SHOWING AGE OF
RESPONDENTS
4.3 TABLE SHOWING OCCUPATION
OF RESPOTNDENTS
4.4 TABLE SHOWING MONTHLY
INCOME OF RESPONDENTS
4.5 TABLE SHOWING
QUALIFICATION OF
RESPONDENTS
4.6 TABLE SHOWING HEARED
ABOUT SOLAR ENERGY
4.7 TABLE SHOWING USING OF
SOLAR ENERGY
4.8 TABLE SHOWING REASON OF
THE NON USAGE OF SOLAR
ENERGY
4.9 TABLE SHOWING KNOWLEDGE
OF RESPONDENTS ABOUT SOLAR
ENERGY
4.10 TABLE SHOWING MAIN REASON
THAT LEAD TO SOLAR ENEGY
4.11 TABLE SHOWING SOLAR POWER
SOLUTION WOULD LIKE TO USE
4.12 TABLE SHOWING THE RATE OF
INSTALLATION OF SOLAR
POWER SYSTEM
4.13 TABLE SHOWING SOURCE OF
INFORMATON ABOUT SOLAR
ENERGY SYSTEM
4.14 TABLE SHOWING THE MAUN
DRAWBACKS OF SOLAR ENERGY
SYSTEM
 LIST OF CHART

TABLE NAME OF THE TABLE PAGE NO

NO
4.1 TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
4.2 TABLE SHOWING AGE OF
RESPONDENTS
4.3 TABLE SHOWING OCCUPATION
OF RESPOTNDENTS
4.4 TABLE SHOWING MONTHLY
INCOME OF RESPONDENTS
4.5 TABLE SHOWING
QUALIFICATION OF
RESPONDENTS
4.6 TABLE SHOWING HEARED
ABOUT SOLAR ENERGY
4.7 TABLE SHOWING USING OF
SOLAR ENERGY
4.8 TABLE SHOWING REASON OF
THE NON USAGE OF SOLAR
ENERGY
4.9 TABLE SHOWING KNOWLEDGE
OF RESPONDENTS ABOUT SOLAR
ENERGY
4.10 TABLE SHOWING MAIN REASON
THAT LEAD TO SOLAR ENEGY
4.11 TABLE SHOWING SOLAR POWER
SOLUTION WOULD LIKE TO USE
4.12 TABLE SHOWING THE RATE OF
INSTALLATION OF SOLAR
POWER SYSTEM
4.13 TABLE SHOWING SOURCE OF
INFORMATON ABOUT SOLAR
ENERGY SYSTEM
4.14 TABLE SHOWING THE MAUN
DRAWBACKS OF SOLAR ENERGY
SYSTEM
 CHAPTER I
INDRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION

The project gives an overview about solar energy products, solar energy is a powerful
sources Of energy that can be used to heat cool, and light homes and business. Solar
energy is radiant Light and heat from the sun is harnessed using a range of
technologies such as solar power to Generate electricity, solar thermal energy
(including solar water heating) and solar Architecture. Householders awareness and
attitude towards solar energy product pivotal role In the adoption of sustainable
energy. Solution awareness involves and understanding the Knowledge base within
households about solar technology. Its advantages and environmental Benefit attitude
on the other hand encompasses take willingness and openness of households To
embrace solar energy solution. Efforts to increase awareness often involve
educational Campaigns disseminating information about the cost effectiveness,
environmental impact. And Long term savings associated with solar energy
addressing misconception and highlighting The case of integration into daily life are
coroutine components of these campaigns Understanding and positively influencing
attitude require considering factors such as Economic consideration culture
perceptions and perceived barriers to adoption. Government, Nous, business can
contribute by providing incentives, subsidies and assessable financing Option. In
summery foresting awareness and cultivating positive attitude are essential for
Promoting widespread acceptance and adoption of solar energy products in
households. The Project has a large potential to find out the solution of power deficit
and energy crisis in the Palakkad district and also, during rainy season there is no
power in the urban rural area Because the local government shutdown power in order
to avoid the damages. The installation Of renewable energy devices in the home
brings solution of light during rainy season the Project gives response to the social
problem of energy crisis and climate change. There are Also many barrier and
challenges. Lack of awareness of solar energy among the people is very Common in
the city and village. They are ready to accept the solar technology as they don’t Know
much about the significant of the technology. They are not motivated to accept it.
Moreover the cost of solar is very high in comparison with other renewable energy
like wind. This could be another reason people do not adopt it.
1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study was conducted to find out the awareness of solar energy device among the
people from different localities. People from rural areas especially from educationally
and economically backward areas are not much aware about the availability and use
of solar energy products. Use of solar energy among households is to be promoted. It
is very helpful in conservation of energy
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The study was conducted to identify "AWARENESS AND ATTITUDEOF

HOUSEHOLDS TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTS WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO PATTAMBI TALUK" most of people are not aware about solar
products due to the lack of knowledge. So this study helps to make effective
awareness among the people about solar products.
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

 To understand the awareness of households towards solar energy products.

 To study the attitude of the consumer towards solar energy device available in the

market.

 To study about consumer satisfaction towards solar energy devices.

 To know the reason for choosing solar energy devices over electricity devices.

1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is a systematic way to solve research problem. It is the

description, explanation and justification of various methods of conducting research.
The process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making the study.
The methodology may include published researches, interviews, surveys and other
research techniques and could include both present and historical information.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The study to identify the attitude and awareness of the households on solar energy
products this study is designed to understand the consumer’s satisfaction towards
solar energy devices.

DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
A study, which wants to portray the characteristics of a group or individual or
situation, is known as descriptive study. So here in this study the researcher has used
descriptive study for collecting the data.

SAMPLE DESIGNS

The sample design provides information on the target and final sample sizes, strata
definitions and the sample selection methodology.

SAMPLE SIZE

In this study the researcher has to take one district for data collection, Palakkad and
the researcher has covered the 50 customer of the district.

SAMPLE METHOD

The sampling technique is used convenient sampling.

PERIOD OF THE STUDY

The period of the study is just 21 days.

1.6 SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION

There are two types of sources for collecting data for any study; they are primary
source and secondary source.

•PRIMARY DATA

The study mainly used primary data. All the primary information is collected directly
from the sample pool with the help of structured questionnaire. And the questionnaire
was distributed to the customers.

•SECONDARY DATA

For this study secondary data also has been used from various published sources like
books, websites etc.
TOOLS OF ANALYSIS

For this study, the researcher has used many analysis tools are Percentage Simple
average.

1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

• The time available for conducting the study was limited.

• The study restricted with in a particular place.

• The number of respondent is limited.

• The respondents were not ready to answer a long series of questions.

 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Singh SN (2012) : In this journal, author has focused on use of LED lamps which is one of the
solar power devices. Solar (PV) photovoltaic home lighting system can be used for portable
lantern lighting, street lighting and home/community house lighting applications.The
comparison of CFL and LED is done under this study and it was found that LEDs are more
penetrating with its downsizing of the lamp size, low power requirement as compared to
conventional lighting system.

Arvizu and Balaya (2012): the study says that of all renewable sources of energy if used in
best of its potential will impact the environment. It is stated that if direct solar energy is the
most abundant of all and also provide opportunities for positive social impact. Over the last 30
years, there has been cost reduction in solar technology and hence potential deployment
scenario for solar energy to become one of the major sources of energy Supply by 2050.

Karim (2012) : Paper summarizes that rural electrification through solar system is
becoming more popular in remotes & inaccessible areas but the intensified competition
challenges make customer satisfaction an essential prerequisite for achieving a sustainable
competitive advantage & overall success of solar lighting systems. It may have a profound and
farreaching economic, sociocultural and demographic impact on life and living of rural people.

Sinha and Joshi (2012) : Authors study the status of solar PV research in India in
relation to its aspect pattern of output, impact of research, etc. It focuses on comprehensive
mapping of solar PV R & D capability of India that should be taken on priority bases to make
effective strategies to take advantage of supportive policies of the govt. Even being the first
country in the world to have dedicated ministry of renewable energy, India still lags far behind
in solar energy technology competence, generation and utilization.

Biswas B, Mukherjee S (2013) : the study has emphasized on comparative study of

solar based lighting system and fuel based lighting system in remote areas where grid
connection is yet to get installed on larger scale. Thus, the use of fuel based lighting system is
used in such areas. To meet the power demand of these areas solar energy can play a vital role.
When solar 10 based lighting system was compared with conventional 10 fuel based lighting, it
was found that solar system is much cost effective, efficient and ecofriendly.

Burogohain (2013): Author has summarized that rural electrification through solar
devices has huge impact on the living standards of villagers. It gives them safety and security
over kerosene lamps with an economic advantage, light for children to study, hence boasting
child education, reduction in crime rates due to availability of light in village surroundings etc.
Agrawal R. K (2013) : in this paper, authors have focused usage of thermocouple energy.Solar
heat & thermal energy which generates from natural hot water sources combined together
generates thermocouple power. Though thermoelectric technology has been in use for over 50
years in commercial and industrial use, there is not much advancement in the technology as it
has been truly underestimated.

Panwar V and Kaur T (2014) :Authors have studied renewable energy resources of
India and its importance to generate power in near future. From this literature it can be
concluded that the sun provides 1000 times more power than we need. If we can use 5% of this
energy, it will be 50 times what world will require. Solar thermal principles can be used to
produce hot fluids or air to produce electricity. Using solar power to produce electricity can be
a great option of replacement to fossil fuel based energy systems.

Thilagavathi and Mownica (2014) : it can be stated from the study that solar power is
emerging as one of the best alternatives to electricity. It comes up as the clean green
electricity. Its various applications have become saviors to power cuts, lower availability of
grid electricity, etc. Solar water heater has evolved as the most popular device that reduces
electricity consumption to more than 30%. Study has evaluated the customer satisfaction and
factors influencing customer sot purchase these products, etc. It focuses on customer's needs
and wants and hence, manufactures can achieve customer satisfaction by giving more user
friendly, innovative and cost effective products.

Venkatraman and Sheeba (2014) : the findings of the paper suggest that customers
attribute toward solar devices is changing and there has been an increase in the awareness of
the benefits of solar energized devices over electric devices. Report concludes that customer's
attitude is influenced by many factors including changing trends, education qualification of
customer, standard of living of people, etc.

Divya and Regi (2014) : Authors discuss about the unawareness of solar energy products and
its high cost. Authors promote the use of these devices because of its effectiveness and usage in
advanced world. Various products are solar cell phone charger, solar air conditioners, solar
fans, solar street lights, solar traffic lights, solar lamps, etc. Though solar lamps would not
provide as much light as the line powered lighting system but they are easily installed and
maintained and are cheaper alternative to wired lighting system
 CHAPTER III
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
CHAPTER 3

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

MEANING OF SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of
ever evolving technologies such as solar heating. Photovoltaic solar thermal energy,
solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis. It is an
important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as
either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar
energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of
photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the
energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting
materials with favorable thermal mass or light- dispersing properties, and designing
spaces that naturally circulate air. Solar power industry has gain a pace in its
development and it’s system are now available for commercial as well as domestic use
with enhanced advantages at minimal cost of maintenance of solar power system or
devices has become financially viable with various government initiated tax incentives,
subsidies scheme and rebates with the increase of literacy and social responsibility in
people, the solar energy devices has increasing attention in the recent scenario. There
has been many researches being conducted with the help of government funds and many
industries have started manufacturing different solar energy devices with the view of
electricity conservation and eco-friendly environment.

TYPES OF SOLAR PRODUCTS

SOLAR CHARGER

A solar charger employs solar energy to supply electricity to devices or charge

batteries.They are generally portable. Solar chargers can charge lead acid or NiCd
battery banks up to 48 V and hundreds of ampere-hours (up to 4000 Ah) capacity. Such
type of solar charger setups generally uses an intelligent charge controller. A series of
solar cells are installed in a stationary location (i.e. rooftops: of homes, base-station
locations on the ground etc.) and can be connected to a battery bank to store energy for
off-peak usage. They can also be used in addition to mains supply chargers for energy
saving during the daytime.

SOLAR COOKER

A solar cooker is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook or
pasteurize drink. Many solar cookers currently in use inexpensive, low-tech devices,
although some are as powerful or as expensive as traditional stoves, and advanced,
largescale solar cookers can cook for hundreds of people. Because they use no fuel and
cost nothing to operate, many nonprofit organizations are promoting their use
worldwide in order to help reduce fuel costs (especially where are relatively monetary
reciprocity is low) and air pollution, and to slow down the deforestation and
desertification caused by gathering firewood for cooking.

SOLAR INVERTER

A Solar inverter, or converter or PV inverter, converts the variable direct current (DC)
output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current
(AC) that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local. Off-grid
electrical network. It is a critical balance of system (BOS) component in a photovoltaic
system, allowing the use of ordinary AC-powered equipment.

SOLAR LAMP

A solar lamp also known as solar light or solar lantern, is a lighting system composed of
an LED lamp, solar panels, battery, charge controller and there

may also be an inverter. The lamp operates on electricity from batteries, charged

through the use of solar photovoltaic panel. Solar-powered household lighting

can replace other light sources like candles or kerosene lamps. Solar lamps have

a lower operating cost than kerosene lamps because renewable energy from the

sun is free, unlike fuel. In addition, solar lamps 15 produce no indoor air pollution
unlike kerosene lamps. However, solar lamps generally have a higher initial cost, and
are weather dependent.

SOLAR WATER HEATER

Solar water heating is the conversion of sunlight into heat for water heating using a
solar thermal collector. A variety of configurations are available at varying co to
provide solutions in different climates and latitudes. SWHS are widely used for
residential and some industrial applications. A Sun-facing collector heats a working
fluid that passes into a storage system for later use. SWH are active (pumped) and
passive (convection-driven). They use water only, or both water and a working fluid.
They are heated directly or via light-concentrating mirrors. They operate independently
or as hybrids with electric or gas heaters. In large-scale installations, mirrors may
concentrate sunlight into a smaller collector.

SOLAR STREET LIGHT

Solar streetlights are raised light sources which are powered by photovoltaic panels
generally mounted on the lighting structure or integrated in the pole itself. The
photovoltaic panels charge a rechargeable battery, which powers a fluorescent or LED
lamp during the night.

SOLAR-POWERED RADIO

A solar powered radio is a portable radio receiver powered by photovoltaic panels. It is

primarily used in remote areas where access to power sources is limited.

SOLAR-POWERED REFRIGERATOR
A solar-powered refrigerator is a refrigerator which runs on energy directly provided by
sun, and may include photovoltaic or solar thermal energy. Solar powered refrigerators
are able to keep perishable goods such as meat and dairy cool in hot climates, and are
used to keep much needed vaccines at their appropriate temperature to avoid spoilage.
Solar-powered refrigerators are typically used in off-the-grid locations where utility
provided AC power is not available.

SOLAR-POWERED WATCH

A solar-powered watch or light- powered watch is a watch that is powered entirely or

partly by a solar cell. Some of the early solar watches of the 1970s had innovative and
unique designs to accommodate the array of photovoltaic solar cells needed to power
them (Synchronal, Nepro, Sicura and some models by Cristalonic, Alba, Rhythm, Seiko
and Citizen). In the 1990s, Citizen started to sell light-powered watches under the
EcoDrive series name. Since their introduction, photovoltaic devices have greatly
improved their efficiency and there bytheir capacity. Watchmakers have developed their
technology such that solar-powered watches are now a major part of their range of
watches. Several other watch manufacturers offer similar watches or are developing
such technology.

SOLAR-POWERED CALCULATOR

Solar-powered calculators are hand-held electronic calculators powered by solar cells

mounted on the device. They were introduced at the end of the 1970s.

SOLAR VEHICLE

A solar vehicle is an electric vehicle powered completely or significantly by direct solar

energy. Usually, photovoltaic (PV) cells contained in solar panels convert the sun’s
energy directly into electric energy. The term “solar vehicle” usually implies that solar
energy is used to power all or part of a vehicle’s propulsion. Solar power may be also
used to provide power for communications or controls or other auxiliary functions.
Solar vehicles are not sold as practical day-to-day transportation devices at present, but
are primarily demonstration vehicles and engineering exercises, often sponsored by
government.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR

ADVANTAGES

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE: Among all the benefits of solar panels, the most
important thing is that solar energy is a truly renewable energy source. It can be
harnessed in all areas of the world and is available every day. We cannot run out of
solar energy, unlike some of the other sources of energy. Solar energy will be accessible
as long as we have the sun; therefore sunlight will be available to us for at least 5 billion
years when according to scientists the sun is going to die.

TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT: Technology in the solar power industry is

constantly advancing and improvements will intensify in the future. Innovations in
quantum physics and nanotechnology can potentially increase the effectiveness of solar
panels and double, or even triple, the electrical input of the solar power systems.

LOW MAINTENANCE COSTS: Solar energy systems generally don’t require a lot
of maintenance. You only need to keep them relatively clean, so cleaning them a couple
of times per year will do the job. If in doubt, you can always rely on specialized
cleaning companies, which offer this service from around £25-£35. Most reliable solar
panel manufacturers give 2025 years warranty. Also, as there are no moving parts, there
is no wear and tear. The inverter is usually the only part that needs to change after 5-10
years because it is continuously working to convert solar energy into electricity (solar
PV) and heat (solar thermal). Apart from the inverter, the cables also need maintenance
to ensure your solar power system runs at maximum efficiency. So, after covering the
initial cost of the solar system, you can expect very little spending on maintenance and
repair work.
DIVERSE APPLICATIONS: Solar energy can be used for diverse purposes. You can
generate electricity (photovoltaic) or heat (solar thermal). Solar energy can be used to
produce electricity in areas without access to the energy grid, to distill water in regions
with limited clean water supplies and to power satellites in space. Solar energy) can also
be integrated into the materials used for buildings not long ago Sharp introduced
transparent solar energy windows.

REDUCES ELECTRICITY BILLS: Since you will be meeting some of your energy
needs with the electricity your solar system has generated, your energy bills will drop.
How much you save on your bill will be dependent on the size of the solar system and
your electricity or heat usage. Moreover, not only will you be saving on the electricity
bill, but if you generate more electricity than you use, the surplus will be exported back
to the grid and you will receive bonus payments for that amount (considering that your
solar panel system is connected to the grid). Savings can further grow if you sell excess
18 electricity at high rates during the day and then buy electricity from the grid during
the evening when the rates are lower.

DISADVANTAGES

COST: The initial cost of purchasing a solar system is fairly high. Although the UK
government has introduced some schemes for encouraging the adoption of renewable
energy, sources, for example, the Feed-in Tariff, you still have to cover the upfront
costs. This includes paying for solar panels, inverter, batteries, and wiring for the
installation. Nevertheless, solar technologies are constantly developing, so it is safe to
assume that prices will go down in the future.

SOLAR ENERGY STORAGE IS EXPENSIVE: Solar energy has to be used right

away, or it can be stored in large batteries. These batteries, used in of the-grid solar
systems, can be charged during the day so that the energy is used at night. This is a good
solution for using solar energy all day long but it is also quite expensive. In most cases,
it is smarter to just use solar energy during the day and take energy from the grid during
the night (you can only do this if your system is connected to the grid), Luckily our
energy demand is usually higher during the day so we can meet most of it with solar
energy.

WEATHER DEPENDENT: Although solar energy can still be collected during cloudy
and rainy days, the efficiency of the solar system drops. Solar panels are dependent on
sunlight to effectively gather solar energy. Therefore, a few cloudy, rainy days can have
a noticeable effect on the energy system. You should also take into account that solar
energy cannot be collected during the night. On the other hand, if you also require your
water heating solution to work at night or during wintertime, thermodynamic panels are
an alternative to consider.

ASSOCIATES WITH POLLUTION: Although pollution related to solar energy

systems is far less compared to other sources of energy, solar energy can be associated
with pollution. Transportation and installation of solar systems have been 20 associated
with the emission of greenhouse gases. There are also some toxic materials and
hazardous products used during the manufacturing process of solar photovoltaic, which
can indirectly affect the environment. Nevertheless, solar energy pollutes far less than
the other alternative energy sources.

USES A LOT OF SPACE: The more electricity you want to produce, the more solar
panels you will need because you want to collect as much sunlight as possible. Solar
panels require a lot of space and some roofs are not big enough to fit the number of
solar panels that you would like to have An alternative is to install some of the panels in
your yard but they need to have access to sunlight. Anyways, if you don't have the space
for 19 all the panels that you wanted, you can just get a fewer and they will still be
satisfying some of your energy needs.
 CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
 4.1) TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS

GENDER NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

MALE 25 50%
FEMALE 25 50%
OTHER 0 0%
TOTAL 50 100%
Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM NO 4.1

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
MALE FEMALE OTHER

INTERPRETATION:

The respondents are equallly distributed across genders, with 50% being male and 50% female and
0%others .
 4.2) TABLE SHOWING AGE OF RESPONDENTS
AGE NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

BELOW 20 10 20%

20-40 30 60%

ABOVE 40 10 20%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM NO 4.2

Series 1

60%

50%

40% Series 1

30%

20%

10%

0%
BELOW 20 20-40 ABOVE 40

INTERPRETATION:

The above data shows below 20, 20-40, and above 40. Among these groups, 20% of the respondents are below
20 years old, 60% are aged between 20 and 40 years, and the remaining 20% are above 40 years old.
 4.3) TABLE SHOWING
OCCUPATION OF RESPONDENTS
OCCUPATION NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

STUDENT 10 20%

SELF OCCUPIED 15 30%

SEARCHING JOB 11 22%

GOV EMPLOYEE 10 20%

OTHERS 4 8%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary
data
DIAGRAM NO 4.3
6

Series 1
3
Series 2
Series 3
2

0
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

INTERPRETATION:
 20% are students
 30% are self-employed or engaged in self-occupation
 22% are currently searching for employment
 20% are government employees
 8% are classified under "others"
INTERPRETATION:

4.4) TABLE SHOWING MONTHLY INCOME OF RESPONDENTS

MONTHLY INCOME NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
LESS THAN 10000 5 10%

10000-30000 10 20%

30000-50000 30 60%

MORE THAN 50000 5 5%

TOTAL 50 100%

DIAGRAM NO: 4.4

Series 1
60%

50%

40%

30% Series 1

20%

10%

0%
LESS THAN 10000
10000-30000
30000-50000
MORE THAN
50000

Source : Primary data

INTERPRETATION:
 4.5) TABLE SHOWING QUALIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS
QUALIFICATION NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

HIGH SCHOOL 10 20%

HIGHER SECONDARY 5 10%

GRADUATION 20 40%

POST GRADUATION 10 20%

PHD GRADUATION 5 10%

TOTAL 50 100%

DIAGRAM: 4.5

Sales

HIGH SCHOOL
HIGHER SECONDARY
GRADUATION
POST GRADUATION
PHD GRADUATION

Source : Primary data

INTERPRETATION:
4.6) TABLE SHOWING HEARED ABOUT SOLAR ENERGY
PARTICULARS NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
YES 50 100%

NO 0 0%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM NO 4.6

INTERPRETATION:
4.7) TABLE SHOWING USING OF SOLAR ENERGY
GROUP NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 35 70%

NO 15 30%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM NO 4.7

Series 1

70%

60%

50% Series 1
40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
YES NO

INTERPRETATION:
 4.8) TABLE SHOWING REASON OF THE NON USAGE OF
SOLAR ENERGY
REASON NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

NOT INTRESTED 15 30%

IGNORED 10 20%

COST 25 50%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM NO 4.8

Series 1

COST

Series 1
IGNORED

NOT INTRESTED

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

INTERPRETATION;
4.9) TABLE SHOWING KNOWLEDGE OF RESPONDENTS
ABOUT SOLAR ENERGY
KNOWLEDGE NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 50 100%

NO 0 0%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.9

INTERPRETATION:
.

30
4.10) TABLE SHOWING MAIN REASON THAT LEAD TO
SOLAR ENERGY
REASONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

ECONOMICS 10 20%

HIGH ELECTRICITY BILL 20 40%

POWERCUT 10 20%

EFFICIENCY 10 20%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.10

Sales

ECONOMICS

HIGH ELECTRICITY BILL

POWERCUT
EFFICIENCY

INTERPRETATION:.

31
4.11) TABLE SHOWING SOLAR POWER SOLUTIONS WOULD
LIKE TO USE
USAGE NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
SOLAR HOME LIGHTING 25 50%
SYSTEM
SOLAR WATER HEATER 10 20%
SYSTEM
SOLAR POWER ADD ON TO 15 30%
CHARGE INVERTER BATTERY
TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.11

Series 1

50%
45%
40%
35%
30% Series 1
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
SOLAR HOME LIGHTING SOLAR WATER HEATER SOLAR POWER ADD ON
SYSTEM SYSTEM TO CHARGE INVERTER
BATTERY

INTERPRETATION:

32
 4.12) TABLE SHOWING THE RATE OF INSTALLATION OF
SOLAR POWER SYSTEM
YEAR NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

2010 10 20%

2010-2017 12 24%

AFTER 2020 28 56%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM NO 4.12

Sales

2010
2010-2017
AFTER 2020

INTERPRETATION:

33
4.13) TABLE SHOWING SOURSE OF INFORMATION ABOUT
SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM
SOURSE OF NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
INFORMATION
TELEVISION 15 30%

INTERNET 20 40%

NEWS PAPER 5 10%

WORD OF MOUTH 10 20%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.13

Sales

TELEVISION
INTERNET
NEWS PAPER
WORD OF MOUTH

INTERPRETATION:.

34
4.14) TABLE SHOWING MAIN DRAWBACKS OF SOLAR ENERGY
SYSTEM
DRAWBACKS NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
CLIMATE CHANGE 15 30%

INSTALLATION CHARGE 17 34%

PRODUCT CHANGE 10 10%

INSTALLATION SPACE 8 16%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.14

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
CLIMATE CHANGE INSTALLATION PRODUCT CHANGE INSTALLATION SPACE
CHARGE

INTERPRETATION:

35
4.15) TABLE SHOWING CAPACITY OF SOLAR SYSTEM
INSTALLED IN HOUSES
CAPACITY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

BELOW 500W 10 20%

500-1000W 25 50%

ABOVE 1000W 15 30%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.15

50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
BELOW 500W 500-1000W ABOVE 1000W

INTERPRETATION:

36
4.16) TABLE SHOWING THE KNOWLEDGE OF RESPONDETS
ABOUT SOLAR PANEL AND RELATED PRODUCTS
KNOWLEDGE NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

VERY LOW 5 10%

LOW 8 16%

MODERATE 20 40%

HIGH 10 20%

VERY HIGH 7 14%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.16

Series 1
45%

40%

35%

30%

25% Series 1

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
VERY LOW LOW MODERATE HIGH VERY HIGH

INTERPRETATION:

37
 4.17) TABLE SHOWING PERCEPTION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF
SOLAR ENERGY IN REDUCING HOUSEHOLDERS
ELECTRICITY BILL
PERCEPTION NO OF PERCENTSGE
RESPONDENTS
VERY EFFECTIVE 10 20%
SOME WHAT EFFECTIVE 20 40%
NUETRAL 15 30%
NOT VERY EFFECTIVE 5 10%
NOT AT ALL EFFECTIVE 0 0%
TOTAL 50 100%
Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.17

Sales

VERY EFFECTIVE
SOME WHAT EFFECTIVE
NUETRAL
NOT VERY EFFECTIVE
NOT AT ALL EFFECTIVE

INTERPRETATION:

38
4.18) TABLE SHOWING BELIEVE OF RESPONDENTS INVESTING
IN SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTS IS FINANCIALLY VALUABLE
OPINION NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES, DEFINITILY 13 26%

YES, BUT ONLY IN THE 18 36%
LONG TERM
UNSURE 12 24%
NO,NOT AT ALL 7 14%
TOTAL 50 100%
Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.18

Series 1

40%
35%
30%
25%
Series 1
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
YES, DEFINITILY YES, BUT ONLY IN UNSURE NO,NOT AT ALL
THE LONG TERM

INTERPRETATION:

39
 4.19) TABLE SHOWING FACTORS INFLUANCE TO MAKE A
DECISION ABOUT SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTS
FACTORS NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
INITIAL INTALLATION COST 20 40%
POTENTIAL LONG TERM 15 30%
SAVINGS
UNAVAILABILITY OF 10 20%
GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES OR
REBATES
CONCERN ABOUT 4 8%
MAINTANANCE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 1 2%

TOTAL 50 100%
Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.19

Sales

INITIAL INTALLATION COST

POTENTIAL LONG TERM

SAVINGS

UNAVAILABILITY OF
GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES OR
REBATES

CONCERN ABOUT
MAINTANANCE

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

INTERPRETATION:

40
4.20) TABLE SHOWING CONSIDERATION OF INSTALLING
SOLAR PANELS OR OTHER SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTS
CONSIDERATION NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

EXTREMELY LIKELY 30 60%

LIKELY 10 20%

UNSURE 5 10%

UNLIKELY 5 10%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.20

Series 1

60%

50%

40%
Series 1

30%

20%

10%

0%
EXTREMELY LIKELY LIKELY UNSURE UNLIKELY

INTERPRETATION:

41
 4.21) TABLE SHOWING PRIMARY REASONS FOR
NOT CONSIDERING SOLAR PANELS
REASONS NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
LACK OF INFORMATION 10 20%

HIGH INITIAL COST 20 40%

DOUBT ABOUT 15 30%

EFFECTIVENESS
CONCERNS ABOUT 5 10%
MAINTANANCE OF
RELIABILITY
TOTAL 50 100%
Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.21

Series 1
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
Series 1
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
LACK OF INFOR- HIGH INITIAL COST DOUBT ABOUT CONCERNS ABOUT
MATION EFFECTIVENESS MAINTANANCE OF
RELIABILITY

INTERPRETATION:

42
 4.22) TABLE SHOWING THE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT WORKING
OF SOLAR PANELS
GROUP NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 45 90%

NO 5 10%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.22

Sales

YES
NO

INTERPRETATION:

43
 4.23) TABLE SHOWING RESEARCH AND INFORMATIN
ABOUT INSTALLING SOLAR ENERGY IN
HOUSEHOLDS
GROUP NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 40 80%

NO 10 20%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.23
90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
YES NO

INTERPRETATION:

44
4.24) TABLE SHOWING AWARENESS OF GOVERNMENT
INCENTIVES OR REBATE
GROUPS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 50 100%

NO 0 0%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.24

INTERPRETATION:

45
4.25) TABLE SHOWING SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCT CAN
SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE ELECTRICITY BILLS FOR HOUSEHOLDS
GROUP NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENTS
YES 45 90%

NO 5 10%

TOTAL 50 100%

Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.25

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%

40%

30%
20%
10%

0%
YES NO

INTERPRETATION:

46
4.26) TABLE SHOWING CONVIENCE IN SOLAR ENERGY
PRODUCT INVESTMENT
GROUP NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
YES 30 60%
NO 20 40%
TOTAL 50 100%
Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.26

Sales

YES
NO

INTERPRETATION:

47
4.27) TABLE SHOWING CONSIDER OF INSTALLING SOLAR
PANELS OR OTHER SOLAR PRODUCTS IN NEAR FUTURE
GROUPS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
YES 40 80%
NO 10 20%
TOTAL 50 100%
Source : Primary data

DIAGRAM 4.27

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
YES NO

INTERPRETATION:

1
 CHAPTER V
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND
CONCLUSION

2
5.1 FINDINGS

 The majority of respondents exhibit a positive attitude towards solar products.

 Most respondents have a monthly income ranging from 30,000 to 50,000.
 A high percentage (94%) of people are using solar products.
 Consumers generally express higher satisfaction with solar energy products.
 Many consumers have seen a decrease in their electricity bills following the installation
of solar energy products.
 The majority of consumers (50%) report maintenance and repair costs ranging from 500
to 1000.
 Some individuals refrain from using solar products due to factors such as lack of
awareness, ignorance, or disinterest.
 Most respondents find solar energy products easy to manage.
 Many people, including users of solar products, are unaware of government schemes
related to solar products.
 The majority of individuals obtained solar systems between 2010 and 2017.
 Most people rely on solar products in the event of a power failure.
 The installation cost of solar systems is relatively high.
 Economics is cited as the primary reason for installing solar systems.
 Information about solar products is primarily obtained from newspapers and the internet.
 Solar home lighting systems are commonly used by respondents.


3
5.2 SUGGESTIONS
1. To encourage adoption, the tax rate on solar products should be reduced to lower their
cost.
2. Increasing public awareness about solar products through enhanced advertising
techniques can stimulate purchasing behavior.
3. Various promotional activities should be conducted to raise awareness about
government subsidies available for solar products.
4. Efforts should be made to educate rural communities about the benefits and
applications of solar energy.
5. In urban areas, promoting the installation of solar panels on multi-story buildings can
significantly increase solar energy utilization.
6. Enhancing technology in solar product production can improve product lifespan,
ensuring longer-term use for customers.
7. Government initiatives should focus on promoting the importance and benefits of
using solar energy products.
8. Implementing regulations mandating the use of solar energy products nationwide can
drive widespread adoption.
9. Given customer satisfaction with cost and benefits, increasing market availability of
solar products is crucial.

4
5.3 CONCLUSION
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun that is harnessed using a range of ever
evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaic, solar architecture. It’s the most
abundant energy resource on Earth and can be converted from radiant energy from the sun to
electrical or thermal energy. We use solar energy for many purposes, such as powering and
heating homes, businesses, utilities, and more. Solar power is a renewable resource and, as
such, is a critical part of our clean energy future. Its technologies are broadly characterized as
either passive solar active solar depending on how the capture and distribute solar energy or
convert it into solar power. The study on topic helped to Identify the people knowledge about
solar products and their opinions about solar products. Most of the households are aware
about solar products through television/internet. Solar products ensure the green quality of
the products. There is a significant scope in future for direct energy through the installation of
solar products. We can reduce power consumption by using solar energy and it is also fill the
gap of energy shortage One thing we noticed that availability of solar energy products in the
market Is less as compared to the demand of the product, so availability of various of solar
energy product has to be increased to meet the demand of the customer.

5
BIBILOGRAPHY

6
 BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS

• Donald R. Cooper and Pamela S, Schindler (2013): Business Research

Methods. Latest Edition, Irwin McGraw- Hill international Editions, New Delhi.

• Neresh K. Malhotra (2007): Marketing Research, Latest edition. Pearson Education.

• SP Sokhatme and JK Nayak (2017): SOLAR ENERGY FOURTH EDITION (VOL 4 )

WEBSITE
https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/39048

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
325170101_Solar_Energy_potential_and_Future_of_india_An_Overview

http://www.academia.edul/Documents/in/
SOlar_Energy

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Solar_power_In_India

https://www.seia.org/initiatives/about-solar-
energy

https://byjus.com/physics/solar-energy-
project/

7
8
APPENDIX

9
 QUESTIONNAIRE

I am MUHSINAMOL 6th semester bcom student of MES keveeyam college valanchery,

conducting study on the topic “Awareness and attitude of households towards solar energy
products with special reference to pattambi taluk” This survey has been carried out purely for
academic purpose and let you know data will be keep confidential. Please be frank possible to
give information.

1.Have you heard about solar energy product specifically designed for residential use ?

 Yes

 no

2.whether do you use solar or not?

 Yes

 no

3.if no, why you do not use solar power?

 ignorance

 not interested

 cost

4.do you have any knowledge about solar power?

 Yes

 no

5. What is the major reason that lead you to solar energy system ?

 economical

 high electricity bill

 power cut

10
 more effective

6. Which type of solar power solution would you like to use ?

 Solar home lighting system

 solar water heater

 solar power add on to charge inverted battery

7.in which year did you install solar pv system?

2010

2010-2017

 After 2020

8. How do you get information about solar energy product?

 television

 Internet

 news paper

 word of mouth

9.what is the main drawback that you are facing in the solar energy?

 climate change

 installation charge

 product change

 installation space

10.what is your rating for the solar product that you use ?

 highly satisfied

 satisfied

 hingly dissatisfied

11
 dissatisfied

11.what is the capacity of solar system installed in your home?

 below 500

 500-1000w

 above 100 w

12.How would you rate your knowledge about solar panels and related products?

 Very Low

 Low

 Moderate

 High

 Very High

13.What is your perception of the effectiveness of solar energy in reducing household

electricity bills?

Very Effective

Somewhat Effective

Neutral

Not Very Effective

Not at all Effective

14.Do you believe investing in solar energy products is financially viable for
households?

 Yes, definitely

 Yes, but only in the long term

 Unsure

12
 No, not at all

15.Which factors influence your decision to consider or not consider solar energy
products for your home?

Initial installation cost

Potential long-term savings

Availability of government incentives/rebates

Concerns about maintenance or reliability

Environmental impact

16.How likely are you to consider installing solar panels or other solar energy products
in the

next two years?

Extremely Likely

Likely

Unsure

Unlikely

17.If you're not considering it, what are the primary reasons?

Lack of information

High initial cost

Doubts about effectiveness

Concerns about maintenance or reliability

18.Do you understand how solar panels work to generate electricity for homes?

 Yes

 no

13
19.Have you actively researched or sought information about installing solar energy
systems

in your home?

 Yes

 no

20.Are you aware of any government incentives or rebates related to installing solar
panels in households?

 Yes

 no

21.Do you believe solar energy products can significantly reduce electricity bills for

households?

 Yes

 no

22.Are you convinced that investing in solar energy products is financially viable for

households?

 Yes

 no

23.Would you consider installing solar panels or other solar energy products in your
home in the near future?

 Yes

 no

14