DC 40 Instruction Manual Advanced Volume

DC-35/DC-40/DC-45/DC-40S/DC-40 Pro/DC-
41/DC-42/DC-40T/DC-33/DC-36/DC-38/DC-39
Diagnostic Ultrasound System
Operator’s Manual
[Advanced Volume]
Content
Content ................................................................................................................................. i
Intellectual Property Statement ...................................................................................................... I
Preface ........................................................................................................................................ II
Safety Precautions ...................................................................................................................... III
1 Overview.................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Basic Operations and Buttons ......................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Measurement Menu......................................................................................................... 1-2
1.2.1 Measurement Location ............................................................................................. 1-4
1.2.2 Measurement Tool.................................................................................................... 1-5
1.2.3 Mode Switching........................................................................................................ 1-6
1.2.4 Measurement Library Switching ............................................................................... 1-6
1.3 Measurement, Calculation and Study............................................................................... 1-7
1.4 Measurement Caliper ...................................................................................................... 1-8
1.5 Results Window............................................................................................................... 1-8
1.5.1 Results Display ........................................................................................................ 1-8
1.5.2 Moving the Results Window ..................................................................................... 1-8
1.5.3 Results Window Assignment .................................................................................... 1-9
1.6 Cross-window Measurement ......................................................................................... 1-10
1.7 Report ........................................................................................................................... 1-10
1.7.1 Viewing Reports ......................................................................................................1-11
1.7.2 Editing Reports .......................................................................................................1-11
1.7.3 Viewing History Reports ......................................................................................... 1-14
1.7.4 Printing Reports ..................................................................................................... 1-14
1.7.5 Fetal Growth Curve ................................................................................................ 1-14
2 Measurement Preset ................................................................................................. 2-1

2.1 Basic Preset Procedures ................................................................................................. 2-1
2.2 Measurement Parameters Preset .................................................................................... 2-1
2.3 Obstetric Preset .............................................................................................................. 2-2
2.3.1 Obstetric Formula .................................................................................................... 2-2
2.3.2 Obstetric Preset Operations ..................................................................................... 2-7
2.4 Measurement Preset ..................................................................................................... 2-10
2.4.1 General Measurement Preset................................................................................. 2-10
2.4.2 Application Measurement Preset ............................................................................ 2-13
i
2.4.3 Report Preset......................................................................................................... 2-17
2.5 Fast Measurement ........................................................................................................ 2-19
3 General Measurement .............................................................................................. 3-1

3.1 Basic General Measurement Procedures......................................................................... 3-1
3.2 2D General Measurements .............................................................................................. 3-2
3.2.1 Depth ....................................................................................................................... 3-2
3.2.2 Distance................................................................................................................... 3-2
3.2.3 Angle ....................................................................................................................... 3-2
3.2.4 Area & Circumference .............................................................................................. 3-2
3.2.5 Volume .................................................................................................................... 3-4
3.2.6 Double Dist. ............................................................................................................. 3-5
3.2.7 Parallel .................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.2.8 Curve Length ........................................................................................................... 3-6
3.2.9 Ratio (D) .................................................................................................................. 3-6
3.2.10 Ratio (A) .................................................................................................................. 3-7
3.2.11 B-Profile................................................................................................................... 3-7
3.2.12 B-Hist....................................................................................................................... 3-7
3.2.13 Color Vel. ................................................................................................................. 3-8
3.2.14 Volume Flow ............................................................................................................ 3-8
3.2.15 IMT .......................................................................................................................... 3-8
3.3 M General Measurements ............................................................................................... 3-9
3.3.1 Distance................................................................................................................... 3-9
3.3.2 Time ........................................................................................................................ 3-9
3.3.3 Slope ....................................................................................................................... 3-9
3.3.4 Velocity .................................................................................................................... 3-9
3.3.5 HR ......................................................................................................................... 3-10
3.4 Doppler General Measurements .................................................................................... 3-10
3.4.1 Time ...................................................................................................................... 3-10
3.4.2 HR ......................................................................................................................... 3-10
3.4.3 D Vel. ..................................................................................................................... 3-10
3.4.4 Acceleration ............................................................................................................3-11
3.4.5 D Trace ...................................................................................................................3-11
3.4.6 PS/ED.................................................................................................................... 3-14
3.4.7 Volume Flow .......................................................................................................... 3-14
3.5 References.................................................................................................................... 3-16
4 Abdomen ................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.1 Abdomen Exam Preparations .......................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Basic Abdomen Measurement Procedures ...................................................................... 4-1
ii
4.3 Abdomen Measurement Tools ......................................................................................... 4-2
4.4 Abdomen Measurement Operations ................................................................................ 4-4
4.5 Abdomen Exam Report ................................................................................................... 4-4
5 Obstetrics .................................................................................................................. 5-1

5.1 Obstetric Exam Preparations ........................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Basic Measurement Procedures ...................................................................................... 5-1
5.3 GA .................................................................................................................................. 5-2
5.3.1 Clinical GA ............................................................................................................... 5-2
5.3.2 Ultrasound GA ......................................................................................................... 5-2
5.4 Obstetric Measurement Tools .......................................................................................... 5-5
5.5 Obstetric Measurement Operations ............................................................................... 5-10
5.5.1 Measurement Tool Operations................................................................................ 5-10
5.5.2 Calculation Tool Operations..................................................................................... 5-11
5.5.3 Study Tool Operations .............................................................................................5-11
5.6 Multi-Fetus Exam ...........................................................................................................5-11
5.7 Obstetric Exam Report .................................................................................................. 5-12
5.7.1 Fetal Biophysical Profile ......................................................................................... 5-12
5.7.2 Z-Score.................................................................................................................. 5-12
5.7.3 Fetal Growth Curve ................................................................................................ 5-13
5.8 References.................................................................................................................... 5-13
6 Cardiology ................................................................................................................. 6-1

6.1 Cardiac Exam Preparations ............................................................................................. 6-1
6.2 Basic Cardiac Measurement Procedures ......................................................................... 6-1
6.3 Cardiac Measurement Tools ............................................................................................ 6-1
6.3.1 2D Cardiac Measurements ....................................................................................... 6-1
6.3.2 M Cardiac Measurements ........................................................................................ 6-5
6.3.3 Doppler Cardiac Measurements ............................................................................... 6-6
6.3.4 TDI Cardiac Measurements.................................................................................... 6-10
6.4 Cardiac Measurement Operations .................................................................................. 6-11
6.4.2 Calculation Tool Operations.................................................................................... 6-12
6.4.3 Study Tool Operations ............................................................................................ 6-12
6.5 Cardiac Exam Report .................................................................................................... 6-37
6.6 References.................................................................................................................... 6-37
7 Vascular ..................................................................................................................... 7-1

7.1 Vascular Exam Preparations............................................................................................ 7-1
7.2 Basic Vascular Measurement Procedures ........................................................................ 7-1
7.3 Vascular Measurement Tools ........................................................................................... 7-2
iii
7.4 Vascular Measurement Operations .................................................................................. 7-4
7.4.1 Measurement Tool Operations.................................................................................. 7-5
7.4.2 Calculation Tool Operations...................................................................................... 7-5
7.4.3 Study Tool Operations .............................................................................................. 7-5
7.5 Vascular Exam Report ..................................................................................................... 7-7
7.6 References...................................................................................................................... 7-7
8 Gynecology ............................................................................................................... 8-1

8.1 Gynecology Exam Preparations....................................................................................... 8-1
8.2 Basic Gynecology Measurement Procedures................................................................... 8-1
8.3 Gynecology Measurement Tools ...................................................................................... 8-2
8.4 Gynecology Measurement Operations ............................................................................. 8-3
8.5 Gynecology Exam Report ................................................................................................ 8-5
8.6 References...................................................................................................................... 8-5
9 Urology ...................................................................................................................... 9-1

9.1 Urology Exam Preparations ............................................................................................. 9-1
9.2 Basic Urology Measurement Procedures ......................................................................... 9-1
9.3 Urology Measurement Tools ............................................................................................ 9-2
9.4 Urology Measurement Operations ................................................................................... 9-4
9.5 Urology Exam Report ...................................................................................................... 9-7
9.6 References...................................................................................................................... 9-7
10 Small Parts .............................................................................................................. 10-1

10.1 Small Parts Exam Preparations ..................................................................................... 10-1
10.2 Basic Small Parts Measurement Procedures ................................................................. 10-1
10.3 Small Parts Measurement Tools .................................................................................... 10-2
10.4 Small Parts Measurement Operations............................................................................ 10-3
10.4.2 Calculation Tool Operations.................................................................................... 10-3
10.4.3 Study Tool Operations ............................................................................................ 10-3
10.5 Small Parts Exam Report .............................................................................................. 10-4
10.6 References.................................................................................................................... 10-4
11 Pediatrics ................................................................................................................ 11-1

11.1 Pediatrics Exam Preparations.........................................................................................11-1
iv
11.2 Basic Pediatrics Measurement Procedures ..................................................................... 11-1
11.3 Pediatrics Measurement Tools ........................................................................................11-1
11.4 HIP Measurement Operations.........................................................................................11-3
11.5 Pediatrics Exam Report ..................................................................................................11-3
11.6 References.....................................................................................................................11-4
12 Emergency&Critical ................................................................................................ 12-1

12.1 Basic Measurement Procedures .................................................................................... 12-1
12.2 EM Measurement Tools ................................................................................................. 12-1
12.3 EM Exam Report ........................................................................................................... 12-2
13 Nerve........................................................................................................................ 13-1
13.1 Basic Measurement Procedures .................................................................................... 13-1
13.2 Nerve Measurement Tools ............................................................................................. 13-1
13.3 Nerve Exam Report ....................................................................................................... 13-1
v
© 2021 Shenzhen Mindray Bio-medical Electronics Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
The issue date of this Operator’s Manual is 2021-01.
Intellectual Property Statement

SHENZHEN MINDRAY BIO-MEDICAL ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. (hereinafter referred to as
Mindray) owns the intellectual property rights to this Mindray product and this manual. This manual
may refer to information protected by copyright or patents and does not convey any license under
the patent rights or copyright of Mindray or of others.
Mindray intends to maintain the contents of this manual as confidential information. Disclosure of
the information in this manual in any manner whatsoever without the written permission of Mindray
is strictly forbidden.
Release, amendment, reproduction, distribution, rental, adaptation, translation or any other

derivative work of this manual in any manner whatsoever without the written permission of Mindray
is strictly forbidden.
IMPORTANT!
1. No part of this manual may be copied or reprinted, in whole or in part, without written
permission.
2. The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice and without our
legal obligation.
I
Preface
This manual details the procedures for operating the DC-35/DC-40/DC-45/DC-40S/DC-40 Pro/DC-
41/DC-42/DC-40T/DC-33/DC-36/DC-38/DC-39 Diagnostic Ultrasound System. Carefully read and
understand the manual before using the system to ensure its safe and correct operation.
NOTE: When operating the system, refer to the following manuals:
 Operator’s Manual (Basic Volume)
 Acoustic output data
Depending on the software version, the preset settings and optional configuration, the actual
interfaces may appear differently from those shown in this manual.
NOTE: The functions described in this manual are not provided for all systems sold in all
regions. The functions available depend on the specific system purchased.
All the menus and screens in this manual take the system in full configuration as an example.
II
Safety Precautions
1. Meanings of Signal Words
In this manual, the signal words Danger, WARNING, CAUTION and NOTE are
used regarding safety and other important instructions. The signal words and their meanings are
defined as follows. Please understand their meanings clearly before reading this manual.
Signal word Meaning

Indicates an imminently hazardous situation that, if not avoided, will
Danger result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could
WARNING result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, may
CAUTION result in minor or moderate injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, may result in
NOTE
property damage.
2. Meaning of Safety Symbols

Symbol Description
General warning, caution, risk of danger.
3. Safety Precautions
Please observe the following precautions to ensure patient and operator safety when using this
system.
CAUTION: 1. Select the proper patient image and measurement tools. Only
qualified professionals can decide the appropriate
measurements and results.
2. Confine measurement calipers to the actual Region of Interest
(ROI). Measurements that extend beyond the ROI will be
incorrect.
3. Before examining a new patient, it is necessary to press the
<End Exam> key to end the current scan and delete the patient
information and data. Failure to do so will result in new patient
data being combined with the previous patient's data.
4. When the system is turned OFF or the <End Exam> key is
pressed, all unsaved data are lost.
5. Changing modes during a measurement will delete the General
Measurement data.
6. Pressing the <Freeze> key to unfreeze the image during a
measurement will clear the General Measurement data.
7. Pressing the <Measure> key during a measurement will clear
the General Measurement data.
III
8. Pressing the <Clear> key will clear the measurement caliper
and all data in the result window, such as comments and body
marks.
9. In dual-B imaging mode, the measurement results of the
merged image can be inaccurate. Therefore, the results are
provided for reference only, not for confirming diagnoses.
10. The quality of the extended image constructed in iScape
(panoramic imaging) is dependent on the skill of the operator.
Extra attention should be paid during the iScape measurement
since the results could be inaccurate.
11. Ensure that measurement data correctly corresponds to the
fetus during the Obstetric Measurement.
12. Fully understand the functionality of this system by referring to
the Operator’s Manual - Basic Volume.
13. When the result of auto trace does not match the image exactly,
perform the measurement manually.
IV
1 Overview
1.1 Basic Operations and Buttons

Tip: The following descriptions for buttons and keys are used in this manual:
 < >: Denotes a key/button on the control panel or keyboard. E.g. <Set>.
 [ ]: Denotes a button/item on the screen menu or touch screen. E.g. [OK].
Click/Select [item/button]: to move the cursor over the item/button and press <Set>.
Basic Measurement Procedures

1. Press <End Exam> to end the last exam.
2. Press <Patient> and enter the patient information,
This includes patient ID, name, height, weight, etc. Enter manually for a new patient or load an
existing patient from iStation or Worklist.
The patient information entered is used for measurement data storage, analysis and exam
report. For more details, see “Exam Preparation → Patient Information” in the Operator's
Manual [Basic Volume].
3. Press <Probe> and select a proper exam mode.
For more details, see “Select Exam Mode and Probe” chapter in the Operator's Manual [Basic
Volume].
4. Measurement preset.
To preset measurement parameters, obstetric formula, general/application measurement
packages, etc., see “2 Measurement Preset” for details.
5. Press <Measure> or <Caliper> to start measurement.
6. Select an item from the measurement menu or touch screen to start.
For general and application measurement items (tools), see chapter “3 General Measurement”
of the specified application measurements for details.
7. Press <Report> to view the exam report.
For report editing and browsing, see “1.7 Report.”
Button Functions
Keys Basic Operations
To enter/exit the application measurement.
Measure
Press <Esc> to exit measurement status.
To enter/exit the general measurement.
Caliper
Press <Esc> to exit measurement status.
To select an item in the measurement menu and press <Set> to activate it.
Left/right Set key
Press <Set> to confirm and end the current operation during measurement.
To switch between the fixed end and active end of the caliper during a
Update measurement.
In iWorks status, press to enter a measurement according to the prompt.
Overview 1-1
Keys Basic Operations
Short press: to return to the previous measurement step or delete the
caliper backwards.
Clear
Long press: to clear all measurement calipers on the screen and data in the
results window.
Report To enter/exit the report page.
Cursor To show/hide the cursor.
Trackball To move the cursor.
For details on key functions, see “System Overview” chapter in the Operator's Manual [Basic
Volume].
1.2 Measurement Menu

The General and Application measurement menus are different. For more information on the
measurement menu, see “3 General Measurement” and the specified application measurement
chapter.
 The measurement menu is as follows:
Menu title
Location Tags
Tools
Page-turning
button
1-2 Overview
 Touch screen display:
Measurement
package
Mode
Tools
Knob-adjusting
area
Overview 1-3
1.2.1 Measurement Location
The location widgets are used to select the measurement locations.

 Side (Left/Right): belongs to items (e.g., kidney) that contain measurements of left/right
side parameters respectively.
 Location (Prox./Mid./Dist.): belongs to items (e.g., vascular) that contain measurements of
Proximal, Middle or Distal parameters.
 Location (Far/near): belongs to items (e.g., carotid) that contain measurements of anterior
or posterior parameters.
 Pole (U/M/L): belongs to items (e.g., some abdomen vessels) that contain measurements
of upper, middle or lower parameters.
 To Select the Measurement Location
a) Move the cursor to the location widgets (e.g., Side).
b) Press <Set> to select the Measurement location.
Or you can rotate the knob under the touch screen to adjust those controls, as shown in
the following figure.
Tip: The location widgets are applicable only in the application measurements.
1-4 Overview
1.2.2 Measurement Tool
There are two kinds of measurement tools.
 General tools: basic measurement tools in General Measurement, such as the “distance” and
“Area.”
 Application tools: the measurement tools in Application Measurement. These items are
classified and combined in clinical application packages such as Abdomen, Obstetric, etc. For
example, HC (head circumference) in the Obstetric measurements is one of the application
tools.
Tip: 1. Most application tools use the general measurement method while measuring, e.g.,
an “Area” tool is used when measuring the HC. Only the application measurement
results are recorded in the report.
2. For the definitions of measurement, calculation and study, see “1.3 Measurement,
Calculation and Study.”
To Activate the Measurement Tool

The procedure is as follows:
1. Select the tool:
 Move the cursor onto the tool on the measurement menu and press <Set>.
 Or, touch the item on the touch screen to select the tool.
2. Perform the measurement according to the actual situation and hints on the bottom of the
screen.
3. After finishing the measurement, perform the necessary operations.
Select Measurement Method Online

Some measurement tools have multiple methods to select.
1. Select item in the menu or the touch screen.
2. Click “ ” on the right side of the item on the menu to select the method, as shown in the
following figure. (or select directly from the touch screen)
Overview 1-5
Other Features
Features Descriptions
Current measurement
Highlighted.
tool/item
A performed application item/tool is marked with a “√.” (If one or some
Measured item items in a submenu (extended menu) of a study are already performed,
this study will be marked as measured.)
Page up/down Use directional buttons to turn the pages.
Show/hide the results window by setting [Result] to “Hide” or “Show”on
Results window
the touch screen.
1.2.3 Mode Switching

Touch the mode tab to switch to other measurement menus available for other modes.
1.2.4 Measurement Library Switching

 During application measurement, rotate the knob under [Library] on the touch screen to select
from the available measurement libraries under the current probe of the current exam mode.
 Click menu title in the top-left corner of the screen to switch, as shown below:
1-6 Overview
Available measurement libraries can be preset. See “2.4.2.2 Measurement Package Preset”
chapter for details.
1.3 Measurement, Calculation and Study

There are three kinds of measurement items.
Measurement
Results of measurements are directly obtained via the measurement tools, which are indicated by
“ ” in the preset screen ([Setup]->[Measure]).

For example, “Distance” in the 2D general measurement or “HC” in the OB measurement.
Calculation
Results of calculations are automatically derived by the system using other measured or calculated
values as parameters, they are indicated by “ ” in the preset screen ([Setup]->[Measure]).
For example, EFW (Estimated Fetal Weight) in the OB measurement.
If all measurements related to a calculation tool are completed, the system will automatically
calculate the result. If some measurement tools are performed again, the system will automatically
update the calculation result using the latest measurement results.
Study
A group of measurements and/or calculations for a specific clinical application, which are indicated
by “ ” in the preset screen ([Setup]->[Measure]).
For example, AFI in the OB measurement.
Fold/unfold the study to hide/show the measurement or calculation items included.
Overview 1-7
1.4 Measurement Caliper
A measurement caliper is a graphic consisting of several points and a straight line or curve drawn
on the ultrasound image.
Fixed/Active End
The ends of calipers can be active or fixed. The active end is called a Cursor.
Caliper Color
An active caliper appears green, while a fixed one appears white in the system default preset.
Caliper End Symbols

8 symbols are used as caliper ends, as shown in the figure below.
These symbols display in calipers as well as in the results window to identify different
measurements.
NOTE: You can preset the cursor type in [Setup]->[System Preset] → [Application], see “2.2
Measurement Parameters Preset” for more information.
1.5 Results Window

The measurement window displays the conducted measurement’s result and the engaging
measurement in real time.
1.5.1 Results Display

Select [Result] to be “Show” on the touch screen and the latest results display in the results
window in time sequence.
When viewing the results:
 If the results window is full, the oldest value will be replaced according to the “first in, first out”
rule.
A maximum of 8 results can display in the results window and a maximum of two graphical
results windows can display in the screen.
 To identify the measurement results, symbols or numbers are used in the numerical results
window (B-histogram, B-profile) while “No:1” or “No:2” is used in the graphical results window.
The results can display as follows:
 No result displays when a measurement item/tool is activated but without the start point fixed.
 The result displays as digits when the value obtained is within the clinical range.
 The result displays as “?” when it is out of the ultrasonic range.
1.5.2 Moving the Results Window

To move the results window,
1. Place the cursor on the results window title and press <Set>.
2. Rotate the trackball to place the results window in the desired position.
3. Press <Set> to fix the results window.
1-8 Overview
1.5.3 Results Window Assignment
An application measurement result can be assigned to a general measurement item from the
results window. The application item can be an existing item in the system or a new user-defined
one.
Assigning an Existing Application Item

The procedure is as follows:
1. Move the cursor to a general measurement value in the results window. Press <Set> when the
item is highlighted in green and the matching list appears as shown below.
Application items that meet the following requirements are displayed:

 Contained in the current application package.
 The item to be assigned and the assigner should use the same general measurement
tool for the result.
Application items in the current measurements that use the “Distance” method are listed
as shown above.
2. Select an application item from the list, then press <Set>.
3. The assigned value displays in the results window and is saved in the exam report.
Tip: To perform an assignment directly to the latest general measurement result:
1. Enter the application measurement menu (e.g., Obstetric) when a general
measurement (e.g., “Area”) is completed.
2. Click the desired application item (e.g., HC) in the menu (or on the touch screen).
The selected application item also has to meet the matching rules in step 1.
3. If the application item(s) is/are included in the current report, the assignment results
will be saved in the report.
Assigning a New Application Item

When no (desired) item displays in the matching list, you can create a new application item. The
procedure is as follows:
1. Select [new] at the bottom of the matching list.
2. The following dialog box appears.
Type in the new name.

3. Click [OK] to assign the general result to the new item.
Overview 1-9
NOTE: Re-assignment for the assigned general result is not available.
Exiting Result Assignment

Press <Esc> on the keyboard, or select [Cancel] in the matching list to exit.
Auto-Spectrum Calculation Assignment

Like a general measurement result, you can assign the auto-spectrum calculation results to an
application item, using the same steps as described above.
For details about auto-spectrum calculation, see “3.4.5 D Trace.”
NOTE: The application item to assign should be an item using D trace in the current application
package.
1.6 Cross-window Measurement

For linear probing, cross-window measurement is available in dual-B mode when the left and right
windows are imaging with the same probe, depth and invert mode.
Under Free Xros M mode (option), you can perform cross-window measurement of time and HR.
1.7 Report
The report records measurement results, which are automatically saved by the system after each
measurement.
 Press <Report> to enter the report dialog box.
 The default report of the current exam appears.
 After viewing, press <Report>, <Freeze> or <Esc>, or select [Cancel] or [Save] to exit the
report page.
1-10 Overview
1.7.1 Viewing Reports
Items on the report page are described as follows:
 Each measurement contains the three latest values and a final value.
 The report only displays results of tools that are displayed in the report template by default and
are completed, as shown in the figure above.
 Select [Previous] or [Next] to switch between pages if the report has more than one page.
1.7.2 Editing Reports

Available report editing operations are:
 Editing measurement data
 Entering ultrasound remarks
 Selecting images
 Save/load report
 Analyzing report data
Overview 1-11
Editing Measurement Data
CAUTION: Input appropriate data when editing the measurement values, otherwise
misdiagnosis may occur.
 The three measurement values in the text boxes are editable. Move the cursor to the text box
and press <Set>.
 The modified value(s) is/are underlined.
 The final value displays in the [Value] column. Select an option ([Last], [Avg.], [Max.] or [Min.])
from [Method] to determine the method in which the final value is calculated.
 For result values used to calculate GA (Gestational Age) and SD (Standard Deviation), the
formula used in this calculation can be selected from [Formula]. The GA and SD values update
with the formula change.
NOTE: 1. Only measurement values are editable while calculation values are not.
2. After a measurement value is modified, the average value of the tool and the
corresponding calculation value will be updated automatically.
 Clearing Data
Tap [Clear All] on the report page to clear all measurement data and click [Save].
Entering Ultrasound Remarks

In the [Comments] box, enter the corresponding information.
You can also save or load the comments.
 Save comment: enter information in the Comments box and then tap [Save Comment] on
the touch screen to save current information in the report comment database.
 Load comment: tap [Load Comment] on the touch screen to open the dialogue box to
check history saved comment information. You can select related information to add to
current report comment or select the location of the comments.
1-12 Overview
Selecting Images
Images saved for the current exam can be added to the report.
1. Click [Image Select] on the report page to bring up the following dialog box.
Left Column: Images saved for the current exam.

Right Column: Images selected to add to the report.
2. Select the image.
a) Add/Remove the image by pressing:
[>] to add the selected image in the left column to the right column.
[>>] to add all the images in the left column to the right column.
[<] to remove the selected image from the right column.
[<<] to remove all images from the right column.
b) Adjust the image arrangement.
Select an image in the right column and click [Move Up] or [Move Down] to adjust the
sequence in which the images are arranged in the report.
3. Click [OK] to confirm.
 Export report
1. Under report status, tap [Save Report] to bring up the dialog box.
Reports can be exported as RTF or PDF documents, which can be viewed and edited on a PC.
2. Select the drive and directory.
3. Enter the filename for the report to export and select the file type.
4. Select the file type.
Create, delete or rename the directory by pressing:
Overview 1-13
[New]: To create a new template.
[Delete]: To delete the selected directory. Make multiple selections using
the <Shift> and <Set> keys.
[Rename]: To rename a selected directory.
Analyzing Report Data

You can preset and edit anatomy information in the report.
1. Click [Analyze].
2. Select or enter anatomy descriptions.
Tip: Descriptions of [Fetus Score] can only be selected from the drop-down list.
Use the [Previous]/[Next] buttons to switch between pages.
3. Click [Save] to confirm. Analysis information displays after the measurement values in the
report.
1.7.3 Viewing History Reports

If more than one exam is performed for a patient, an [Exam] drop-down list appears in the top-left
part on the report.
1. Select previous exams from the [Exam] drop-down list.
2. According to the exam mode, select a proper template from the [Report Type].
Make sure the template matches the exam mode, otherwise the measurement result will not
display correctly. E.g. An abdomen measurement result will not display in an OB report
template preset without any abdomen measurement items.
3. View the history report.
NOTE: 1. History reports can be viewed, but cannot be edited.
2. The patient's information can also be viewed in iStation, see “Patient Data
Management” in the Operator's Manual [Basic Volume] for details.
1.7.4 Printing Reports

Tap [Print] on the touch screen to print the report.
Or tap [Print View] to preview. On the preview page, you can:
Print report: Click [Print].
Page up/down: Select [Prev. Page] or [Next] to view the previous or next
page.
Zoom in/out: Select a zoom ratio from the drop-down list: whole page,
100%, page wide.
Exit the preview: Click [Close].
1.7.5 Fetal Growth Curve

If [Obstetric] in the [Patient Info] is selected in the report template (see “5.7.3 Fetal Growth Curve”),
you can view the fetal growth curve by touching [OB Graph] on the touch screen. See “5.7.3 Fetal
Growth Curve” for details.
1-14 Overview
2 Measurement Preset
Before measuring, preset the following parameters:
 Measurement Parameters Preset
 Obstetric Preset
 General Measurement Preset
 Application Measurement Preset
 Report Preset
2.1 Basic Preset Procedures

The basic measurement preset procedures are as follows:
1. Press <F10 Setup> to enter the Preset:
2. Preset the measurement parameters.
Enter [Setup] → [System Preset] → [Application] to preset the measurement ruler, etc. See
“2.2 Measurement Parameters Preset” for details.
3. Preset the Obstetric formula.
Enter [Setup] → [System Preset] → [OB].
Preset the GA (Fetal Gestational Age), FG (Fetal Growth) and the Fetal Weight. See “0
Obstetric Preset” for details.
4. Measurement preset.
Enter [Setup] → [Measure] → [Caliper], [Measure] and [Report] to preset the measurement
menu and items. See “2.4 Measurement Preset” for details.
5. Exit the setup for the settings to take effect.
Select [Save] in the [Setup] menu to exit the setup.
NOTE: The settings are only brought into effect by clicking [Save] to exit the [Setup] menu.
2.2 Measurement Parameters Preset

Basic operation steps are as follows:
1. Press <F10 Setup> to display the [Setup] menu.
2. Select [Setup] → [System Preset] → [Application] to preset the following parameters:
 Measurement Ruler
 Left ventricular study
 Follicle
3. Click [Save] to confirm.
Measurement Preset 2-1

Measurement Ruler
You can preset:

Tools Descriptions
Type of cursor displayed on the measurement caliper and results
window. Value options:
 Number: the cursor always displays as “+” while different
Cursor Type
measurements are marked with numbers.
 Symbols: the cursor displays sequentially in 8 symbols to identify
different measurements.
Cursor Size The size of the cursor. Value options: Large, Medium, Small.
The number of cardiac cycles in the heart rate calculation. (In heart
Heartbeat rate measurement, the number of cardiac cycles should match the
preset number.)
Left Ventricle Function Study Tool Setting

Set the tools used in the Cube/Teichholz/Gibson study.
Follicle
Set the method for calculating the follicle. Value options:
Follicle 3 distances/2 distances/1 distance
2.3 Obstetric Preset

Basic procedures:
2. Select [System Preset] → [OB].
You can preset the Fetal Gestational Age (GA), Fetal Growth (FG) and Fetal Weight (EFW)
formulae.
You can also create a new OB item and use an imported user-defined OB formulae.
See “2.3.2 Obstetric Preset Operations” for details.
3. After setting, click [Save] to exit the page.
2.3.1 Obstetric Formula

The obstetric formulae are used in the GA, EFW calculations and Fetal Growth Curve.
GA and FG Formulae
GA will be automatically calculated after the corresponding measurements are completed. The
system will recalculate the GA after new measurements are completed.
2-2 Measurement Preset

Tip: 1. To preset the default formula, See “2.3.2.1 Basic Procedures” chapter.
2. For more information about the GA and Fetal Growth Curve, see “5 Obstetrics.”
3. You can add user-defined formulae for items (obstetric tools) that are not included
in the GA and FG table below. See “2.3.2 Obstetric Preset Operations.”
The GA and FG formulae are shown in the table below:

Note: “/” means no formula provided for the item.
Tools GA FG
Hadlock
Hansmann
Tokyo Tokyo
EFW/EFW2
Hadlock Brenner
William
Persson
Tokyo Rempen
Rempen Tokyo
GS
Hansmann Hansmann
China Hellman
Hadlock
Tokyo
Jeanty Hadlock
Nelson Tokyo
Robinson Robinson
CRL
Rempen Rempen
Hansmann Hansmann
China ASUM
ASUM
RobinsonBMUS
Hadlock Hadlock
Tokyo Tokyo
Jeanty Jeanty
Kurtz Kurtz
Hansmann Sabbagha
Merz Hansmann
BPD
Rempen Merz
ChittyOI Rempen
Osaka ChittyOI
China Osaka
Nicolaides Nicolaides
ASUM ASUM

Tools GA FG
Hadlock
Hadlock
Merz
Jeanty
Jeanty
Hansmann
Hansmann
HC ChittyDer
ChittyPL
ChittyPL
ChittyDer
Nicolaides
Nicolaides
ASUM
ASUM
Hadlock Hadlock
Jeanty Jeanty
Merz Merz
Chitty Chitty
AC
Nicolaides Nicolaides
ASUM ASUM
CFEF CFEF
Hansmann Hansmann
Hadlock
Hadlock
Tokyo
Tokyo
Jeanty
Jeanty
Hohler
Merz
Merz
Hansmann
Hansmann
FL O'Brien
Warda
Warda
Chitty
Chitty
Osaka
Osaka
China
Nicolaides
Nicolaides
ASUM
ASUM
Hansmann
Hansmann Merz
OFD Nicolaides Nicolaides
ASUM ASUM
Jeanty
APAD / Merz
TAD / Merz
FTA OSAKA OSAKA
THD Hansmann Hansmann
Jeanty
Jeanty
HUM Merz
ASUM
ASUM

Tools GA FG
Merz
Ulna Jeanty
Jeanty
Merz
Tibia Jeanty
Jeanty
Merz
RAD /
Jeanty
Merz
FIB /
Jeanty
CLAV Yarkoni Yarkoni
Hill
Hill
TCD Goldstein
Nicolaides
Nicolaides
OOD Jeanty /
Cist Magna / Nicolaides
Daya
Mean Sac Diam /
Hellman
MCA PI / JSUM
MCA RI / JSUM
Umb A PI / JSUM
Umb A RI / JSUM
AFI / Moore
FL/HC Hadlock
/
(Hadlock)
HC/AC Cambell
/
(Campbell)
Chitty
AC(c) Hadlock
Hadlock
Duct Veno PIV / Baschat
Duct Veno PVIV / Baschat
Duct Veno PLI / Baschat
Duct Veno S/s / Baschat
Ut A RI / Merz
Ut A PI / Merz
Fetal Weight Formulae

EFW is a calculation item. If all tools required for the EFW formula have been performed, EFW will
be obtained automatically. The system will recalculate the EFW after new measurements are
completed.

Tip: Formulae of EFW and EFW2 of GA/FG are different from those on the [Fetal Weight]
page ([Setup]->[System Preset]->[OB] page).
 EFW formulae of GA/FG are used to perform the GA calculation or the Fetal Growth
Curve based on EFW.
 EFW formulae on the [Fetal Growth] page are used in the EFW calculation based on
certain OB measurement results (e.g., AC).
The Fetal Weight formulae are shown in the following table:
Units
Formulae Descriptions
EFW Item
EFW = 10 ^ (1.304 + (0.05281*AC) + (0.1938*FL) -

g cm
Hadlock (AC, FL) (0.004*AC*FL))
SD = 0.154*EFW SD Type = ±2SD g g
EFW = 10 ^ (1.335 - (0.0034*AC*FL) + (0.0316*BPD)
g cm
Hadlock (AC, FL, BPD) + (0.0457*AC) + (0.1623*FL))
EFW = 10 ^ (1.326 - (0.00326*AC*FL) + (0.0107*HC)
g cm
Hadlock (AC, FL, HC) + (0.0438*AC) + (0.158*FL))
EFW = 10 ^ (1.3596 - (0.00386*AC*FL) + (0.0064*HC)
Hadlock (AC, FL, HC, g cm
+ (0.00061*BPD*AC) + (0.0424*AC) + (0.174*FL))
BPD)
EFW (Kg) = 10 ^ (-1.7492 + (0.166*BPD) + (0.046*AC)
kg cm
Shepard (AC, BPD) - (2.646*AC*BPD/1000))
EFW = -3200.40479 + (157.07186*AC) +
Merz1 (AC, BPD) g cm
(15.90391*(BPD^2))
Merz2 (AC) EFW = 0.1*(AC^3) g cm
Hansmann (BPD, EFW = (-1.05775*BPD) + (0.0930707*(BPD^2)) +
kg cm
THD) (0.649145*THD) - (0.020562*(THD^2)) + 0.515263
Tokyo (BPD, APTD,
EFW = (1.07*(BPD^3)) + (3.42*APTD*TTD*FL) g cm
TTD, FL)
Osaka (FL, BPD, FTA) EFW = (1.25674*(BPD^3)) + (3.50665*FTA*FL) + 6.3 g cm
Campbell (AC) EFW = EXP (-4.564+(0.282*AC) - (0.00331* (AC^2))) kg cm
EFW = 5381.193 + 150.324*HC + 2.069*FL^3 +
Schild (HC, AC, FL) g cm
0.0232*AC^3 − 6235.478*log(HC)
EFW = (BPD*10)^0.972 * (MAD*10)^1.743 *
Persson(BPD,FL,MAD) g cm
(FL*10)^0.367 * 10^(-2.646)

Weight Percentile for Age
The Clinical Percentile (CP) and Ultrasound Percentile (UP) is calculated and displayed in the
report in the following format according to the formula selected for EFW calculation.
 CP(Calc Method)(Formula) ××.××%: Where Calc Method may be LMP, PRV, IVF, BBT,
DOC and EDD.
 UP(Calc Method)(Formula) ××.××%: Where Calc Method may be AUA, CUA.
 Clinical Percentile (CP)
Find the average value and calculate the threshold range in the formula (to calculate EFW) in
the FG table according to the clinical GA (obtained in patient information such as LMP, IVF).
If the actual EFW value is in the following range, keep calculating. If not, the CP will not be
displayed.
average EFW x1.25 > EFW > average EFW x0.75
E.g. EFW-GP(LMP) is the EFW Clinical Percentile calculated from the LMP obtained from the
patient information.
 Ultrasound Percentile (UP)

This has the same calculation method as CP except for using the ultrasound GA instead of
clinical GA.
E.g. EFW-GP(AUA) and EFW-GP(CUA) is the EFW Clinical Percentile calculated from the
AUA and CUA respectively.
2.3.2 Obstetric Preset Operations

2.3.2.1 Basic Procedures
Basic procedures in the OB preset are as follows:
1. Enter the [Setup] → [System Preset] → [OB] page.
2. Set the default formula.
(1) On the [Fetal Gestational Age], [Fetal Growth] or [Fetal Weight] page, select an OB Item in
the left column.
(2) Select a formula in the right column.
(3) Click [Default]. The default formula is marked with a √.
On the [Fetal Gestational Age] page, select whether to display the SD or EDD in the obstetric
result.
On the [Fetal Gestational Age] page, select whether to display the EFW derived GA in the
report.
3. Set the fetal weight display.
a) Enter the [Fetal Weight] page.
b) Select the [Fetal Weight Unit].
Select Metric, English or English & Metric from the drop-down list.
c) Select the formula for calculating the weight percentile.
Select the formula from the drop-down list of [EFW-GP].

Import/Export an OB Table or Formula
1. Select [Import] or [Export] on the Fetal Gestational Age or Fetal Growth page.
2. The system brings up the [Load Data] dialog box.
3. Select the drive and file path where the data is located.
4. Select the data file to load or export.
Tip: Only imported user-defined tables can be exported.
The imported user-defined table for FG and GA must be a *.csv file. The format of the *.csv file is
described as follows:
 FG table
Table Type Author Name SD Type Meas. Value Unit SD Unit
FG The author Value of standard Unit of the Unit of the standard
name deviation measurement value deviation
Row Num. Row number

(N) of the table
No. GA Min. Meas. Value Max.
1 GA value Minimum value Measurement value Maximum value
2 … … … …
… … … … …
N … … … …
NOTE:
 Fill in the table according to the actual clinical values, except for those cells with bold text.
 Value of standard deviation:
Select from one of the following:
 None
 ±1SD
 ±2SD
 3%~97%
 5%~95%
 10%~90%
 Unit of the measurement value: according to the table to import, select from mm, cm, g, kg,
cm² or mm².
 Row number (N) of the table: the maximum row number N in the column “No.”
 The third row is empty.
 GA value, Minimum value, Measurement value, Maximum value: enter the number of days
without the unit.

 GA table
Table Type Author Name SD Type Meas. Value Unit
GA The author name Value of standard Unit of the standard
deviation deviation
Row Num. Row number (N)

of the table
No. Meas. Value SD(-) GA SD(+)
1 Measurement Standard GA value Standard
value deviation (-) deviation (+)
2 … … … …
… … … … …
N … … … …
NOTE:
 Fill in the table according to the actual clinical values, except for those cells with bold text.
 Value of standard deviation:
Select from one of the following:
 None
 ±1SD
 ±2SD
 3%~97%
 5%~95%
 10%~90%
 Unit of the measurement value: according to the table to import, select from mm, cm, g, kg,
cm² or mm².
 Row number (N) of the table: the maximum row number N in the column “No.”
 The third row is empty.
 Measurement value, Standard deviation (-), GA value, Standard deviation (+): enter the
number of days without the unit.
2.3.2.2 Deleting Formula

Deleting is not supported by system-configured formulae.
1. In the [OB] page, select the OB item from the left column.
2. Select a formula from Author column.
3. Select [Delete] to delete the formula.

2.4 Measurement Preset
Basic Procedures:
2. Select [Measure] in the [Setup] menu.
3. Preset the general measurement and application measurement.
For details, see “2.4.1 General Measurement Preset” and “2.4.2 Application Measurement
Preset.”
Note: In [Setup][Measure] screen, “exam mode XX” on the upper left side refers to the
currently configured exam mode. The configured general/application menus are only
related to the current exam mode.
2.4.1 General Measurement Preset

You can preset the General Measurement packages for 2D (B/Color/Power Mode), M Mode, or
Doppler (PW/CW) Mode respectively.
1. Select the [Caliper] on the [Measure] page, as shown in the figure below.
2. Select the [2D], [M] or [Doppler] tab to go to the corresponding preset menu.
[Available Items]: general measurement tools configured by the system in the current scanning
mode which are available but not assigned yet.
[Selected Items]: displays the tools to be added to the menu.
3. Add/Remove the item.
Add/Remove the general measurement item using the following buttons:

[>] To add the selected tool from the [Available Items] to the [Selected Items].
[>>] To add all tools in the [Available Items] to the [Selected Items].
To remove the selected tool from the [Selected Items] to the [Available
[<]
Items].
To remove all tools from the [Selected Items] to the [Available Items]. You do
[<<]
not need to select any items before removing.
4. Set the default item.
Select an item from the [Selected Items], then click [Default]. The item is marked with a √.
The default item is activated automatically when entering this general measurement menu.
5. Adjust the item position.
Select an item from the right column and click [Up]/[Down] to adjust the sequence in which the
items are arranged in the corresponding general measurement menu (touch screen display).
6. Modify the properties of a measurement item.
The following takes D trace as an example to show how to set the properties of a
measurement tool.
(1) Enter the [Measure] → [Caliper] → [Doppler] page.
(2) Select [D Trace] from the [Selected Items] and click [Property] to bring up the following
dialog box.
Descriptions of the attributes are shown in the following table.

Attributes Descriptions
Results obtained from D trace are listed. The selected items will be displayed in
the results window after measurement.
 If PV is selected, other results become deselected (except the temporary
result “velocity”).
Item Name &  Some results, such as PS and ED, can be derived via a simple method
Result (e.g., Velocity), but others, such as TAMAX, can only be derived via
complicated methods such as Manual, Spline, Auto, etc.
 Only Vel. is available in [Method] if only PS or ED is selected.
 Methods for obtaining PS and TAMAX simultaneously (trace, spline
and auto) should be chosen if both PS and TAMAX are selected
(TAMEAN should use auto method).
Select the measurement unit.
Unit
Click “Unit” column of each item to select.
Select the measurement method for the tool.
Meas. Method
Click “CalcMethod” column of each item to select.
(3) Click [OK] to confirm the setting.
7. Select the measurement sequence.
 [Repeat]: after the current measurement is completed, the system automatically activates
the current tool again.
 [Next]: after the current measurement is completed, the system automatically activates the
next tool in the menu.
 [None]: after the current measurement is completed, the cursor can be moved over the
whole screen. And the cursor will automatically return to the menu of the corresponding
measurement.

2.4.2 Application Measurement Preset
2.4.2.1 Basic Procedures
1. Select [Measure] in the [Measure] page, as shown in the figure below.
2. Select the 2D, M or Doppler scanning mode.

3. Choose or edit the Measurement Package.
The default package for current exam mode appears in the [Measurement Package].
 Enter or edit the package name directly in the [Measurement Package] text box, then add
items to edit the current package.
 Or click [Advanced] to add or select a package.
For details about creating, deleting and setting the default package, see “2.4.2.2 Measurement
Package Preset.”
4. Select an application region from the drop-down list under [Available Items].
5. Select [Measurement], [Calculate], [Study], [User Defined] or [All] from the drop-down list
under [Available Items]. The corresponding items appear in the list.
For details about measurement, calculation and study, see “1.3 Measurement, Calculation and
Study.”
6. Preset the measurement menu.
For details on adding, creating and setting default items, see “2.4.2.3 Measurement Menu
Preset.”
For details on measurement tool property settings, see “2.4.1 General Measurement Preset.”
7. Select the measurement sequence.
 [Repeat]: after the current measurement is completed, the system automatically
activates the current tool again.

 [Next]: after the current measurement is completed, the system automatically
activates the next tool in the menu.
 [None]: after the current measurement is completed, the cursor can be moved over
the whole screen. And the cursor will automatically return to the menu of the
corresponding measurement.
2.4.2.2 Measurement Package Preset

During measurement, the preset package displays on the touch screen. Items in the package can
be preset and may belong to different application regions.
You may configure more than one measurement package for current exam mode. Under actual
measurement status, switch the measurement library if necessary (by clicking [Library] on the
touch screen or clicking the menu title.)
Click [Advanced] to enter the following page.
Here,
 [Available Items]: shows application packages configured in the system but not yet assigned to
the current mode.
 [Selected Items]: shows application packages assigned to the current exam mode. If more
than one package is assigned to the current exam mode, you can switch measurement
packages using the [Library] selection on the touch screen or clicking menu title in the
measuring status.
Package editing includes Creating Packages, Add/Remove Items, Deleting Measurement
Packages, Setting Default Packages, Adjusting Package Positions.
Creating Packages
1. Click [New].
2. Enter a name for the new package in the dialog box pop-up.

The new package displays in the [Available Items] list.
Adding/Removing Packages
Add/remove the package by pressing:
To add the package selected from the [Available Items] to the [Selected
[>]
Items].
[>>] To add all packages in the [Available Items] to the [Selected Items].
To remove the package selected from the [Selected Items] to the [Available
[<]
Items].
[<<] To remove all packages in the [Selected Items] to the [Available Items].
Deleting Packages
1. Select a package from the [Available Items] list.
2. Click [Delete].
Tip: To delete an item from [Selected Items], you need to move it to the [Available Items] first.
Setting Default Packages

1. Select a package from the [Selected Items] list, then click [Default].
2. The default package is marked with a √.
Tip: 1. The default package displays when entering the [Measure] page.
2. The measurement menu of the default package (corresponding to the exam mode)
displays when entering the measuring status.
Adjusting Package Positions

Select a package from the [Selected Items] and click [Move Up]/[Move Down] to adjust the
sequence that the packages in the menu are arranged in.
2.4.2.3 Measurement Menu Preset

The following operations are available.
 Adding/Removing Items
 Setting Default Items
 Adjusting Item Positions
 User-defined Study Items
Adding/Removing Items
 Adding Items
You can add measurements, calculations or study items in the [Available Items] to the [Selected
Items] column, or to the study item in the [Selected Items] column (added items display as sub-
items in the study). The selected items display in the menu and on the touch screen.
Add/Remove the general measurement item using the following buttons:

[>] To add the selected tool from the [Available Items] to the [Selected Items].

[>>] To add all tools in the [Available Items] to the [Selected Items].
To remove the selected tool from the [Selected Items] to the [Available
[<]
Items].
To remove all tools from the [Selected Items] to the [Available Items]. You do
[<<]
not need to select any items before removing.
 Setting Default Items

You can set a measurement, calculation or study in the [Selected Items] as the default item. The
default item will be activated automatically when entering the measurement menu containing it.
1. Select an item from the [Selected Items] list.
2. Click [Default]. The defaulted item is marked with a √.
To deselect the default tool, select it and click [Default] or set another item as the default.
Tip: If a particular item is set as the default item, it automatically displays the submenu of the
study when entering this measurement menu.
Adjusting Item Positions

You can adjust the position of the measurement, calculation or study in the [Selected Items] list.
1. Select an item from the [Selected Items].
2. Click [Up]/[Down].
The order in the list is also the item position in the menu.
User-defined Study Items

You can add or remove user-defined study items in the [Selected Items] column.
1. Enter the [Measure] → [Measure] page.
2. Click [Add Study] on the right.
3. Enter the study name in the dialog box that appears.
4. Click [OK] and the item will be added to the “Selected Items.”
5. Select a measurement/calculation item from the “Available Items” and click [>] to add the item
to the user-defined study.
6. Repeat the last step to add more items if necessary.
7. Move the cursor to click on the study and click [Property] on the right to edit the sequence.
Remove User-defined Items

 Remove Measurement/Calculation
1. Select “User-defined” in the “Available Items”, and select the desired item.
2. Click [Delete] on the right.
 Remove Studies
Select a user-defined study, click [<].
NOTE: 1. Adding B-Hist or B-Profile to the study is not supported.
2. Click [Export Custom] in the measurement preset window to export the user-defined
measurement.

2.4.3 Report Preset
NOTE: Deleting is not supported in IVF, IMT and EM reports.
Basic procedures:
1. Select [Report] on the [Measure] page.
2. Manage the report template. Available operations:
 Adding new Report Templates
 Deleting Report Templates
 Editing Report Templates
 Setting Default Report Templates
3. Continue setting other presets, or click [Save] in the [Setup] menu to bring the settings into
effect.
2.4.3.1 Creating Report Templates

1. Enter the [Measure] → [Report] page.
2. Click [New] to bring up the following dialog box.
Descriptions of items and functions are shown in table below.

Item Description
Report Name Name of the report template.
Select the application region. Patient information items displays
Application Region
in the report are different for each category.
Image Layout Select numbers and arrangement of images display in the report.
User Define Layout Select the template for the user-defined layout.
Measure Result Set the measurement items displayed in the report.

Item Description
Whether to display the anatomy information.
Ultrasound Analysis The corresponding anatomy options will appear when clicking the
[Anatomy] button in the report.
3. Select an application category from the drop-down list under [Available Items].
4. Select [Measurement], [Calculate], [Study] or [All] from the drop-down list under [Available
Items], the corresponding items appear in the list.
5. Adding/ Removing items.
Use the [>] or [>>] button to add items to the [Selected Item] list.
Only tools appear in the right column and are completed in the ultrasound exam can be
displayed in the report.
For details, refer to “Add/ Remove the item” in section "2.4.1 General Measurement Preset".
6. Add the study.
Click [Add Study] and enter the study name in the dialog box popped up and click [OK].
New added study appears in the [Selected Item] list.
Tips: Select an item in the [Selected Item] list and click [Add Study], the new added study
displays as the sub-study of the selected one.
7. Adjusting the item position.

Select an item in the [Selected Item] list, click [Move Up]/ [Move Down] to adjust the position of
the item in the list as well as in the report template.
2.4.3.2 Deleting Report Templates

2. Select the template to be deleted from the list.
3. Click [Yes] to delete the selected template.
4. Click [Save] in the “Report” tab to confirm the settings.
2.4.3.3 Editing Report Templates

2. Select the template to be modified from the list.
3. Select [Edit] to enter the [Measurement Report Preset] dialog box.
See section “2.4.3.1 Creating Report Templates” to edit the template.
4. Click [Save] in the “Report” tab to confirm the settings.
2.4.3.4 Setting Default Templates

2. Select a report template from the list.
3. Click [Default].

2.5 Fast Measurement
Enter the [Setup] → [System Preset] → [Key Config.] page and assign functions in the
“Measurement” list on the right side to the keys. For details, see the Operator’s Manual [Basic
Volume].

3 General Measurement
General Measurement Tools:
 2D (B/Color/Power/DirPower) Mode
 M General Measurements
 Doppler (PW/CW) Mode
3.1 Basic General Measurement Procedures

1. Start the exam.
2. Select the imaging mode (B/M/Doppler), then scan the image.
3. Press <Caliper> to enter the 2D/M/Doppler general measurement menu.
4. Select an item from the general measurement menu (or the touch screen) to start the
measurement. See “1.2.2 Measurement Tool” chapter for details.
 You can use the trackball and <Set> key to perform general measurement on the main
screen (see 2D, M, Doppler general measurement for details);
Tip: 1. The order of the measurement items can be preset. See “2.4.1 General
Measurement Preset” for details.
2. A measurement tool can be activated by clicking the item either in the measurement
menu or on the touch screen. It is described as “Select/Click ... in the measurement
menu” in the following procedures.
3. Under B+M or B+Doppler mode, touch mode tab on the touch screen to switch to
the related measurement menu.
General Measurement 3-1

3.2 2D General Measurements
3.2.1 Depth
Function:
 Sectoral surface probe: the depth is the distance from the center of the sector to the
cursor.
 Convex array or linear array probe: the depth is the distance from the transducer surface
to the measuring cursor in the direction of the ultrasonic wave.
Tip: The real-time depth displays in the results window only before the <Set> key is pressed
to fix the starting point. The history value of the depth is not displayed in the results
window.
1. Select [Depth] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen.
2. Use the trackball to move the cursor to the desired point.
3. Press <Set> to set the measurement point and the result displays in the results window.
3.2.2 Distance
Function: Measures the distance between two points on the image.
1. Select [Distance] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen.
2. Move the cursor to the starting point with the trackball.
3. Press <Set> to set the starting point.
4. Move the cursor to the end point with the trackball. Then
press <Clear> to cancel setting the starting point. Or
press <Update> to switch between the fixed end and the active end of the caliper.
5. Press <Set> to set the end point and the result displays in the results window.
3.2.3 Angle
Function: measures the angle of two crossing planes on the image and the range is: 0°-180°.
1. Select [Angle] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen.
2. Set two line segments as described in “3.2.2 Distance.”
The angle appears in the results window after setting the line segments.
3.2.4 Area & Circumference

Function: measures the area and circumference of a closed region on the image. Four
measurement methods are available:
3-2 General Measurement

 Ellipse: fix an ellipse region by two equal-cut perpendicular axes.
 Trace: fix a closed region by free tracing.
 Spline: fix a spline curve by a series of points (12 points at most).
 Cross: fix a closed region with two axes perpendicular to each other. The starting point and the
end point of the axes can both be fixed freely.
Tip: These four methods are also applicable to other measurement items and will not be
repeated when mentioned below. The operations are as follows:
Ellipse
1. Select [Ellipse] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen.
2. Move the cursor to an area of interest.
3. Press <Set> to set the starting point of the first axis of the ellipse.
4. Move the cursor to position the end point of the first axis of the ellipse. Then
press <Update> to switch between the fixed end and the active end of the first axis. Or
press <Clear> to cancel the start point of the first axis.
5. Press <Set> to set the end point of the first axis of the ellipse. The second axis appears on the
screen.
6. Moving the trackball will increase or decrease the ellipse from the fixed axis. Move the
trackball to trace the area of interest as closely as possible.
Or, press the <Update> or <Clear> key to return to the step before setting the first axis.
7. Press <Set> to anchor the ellipse region. The measurement result will be displayed in the
results window.
Trace
1. Select [Trace] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen (and the touch screen).
3. Press <Set> to fix the starting point.
4. Move the cursor along the target to trace the outline of the target.
To modify the trace line, rotate the <Angle> knob:
Anticlockwise: to cancel a series of points.
Clockwise: to resume a series of points. You may also resume the points by rolling
trackball back.
5. Press <Set> and the trace line will be closed with a straight line connecting the start and end
points. The trace will also be closed when the cursor is very near to the starting point.
Spline
1. Select [Spline] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen.
3. Press <Set> to set the first reference point of the spline.
4. Move the cursor along the area of interest and press <Set> to anchor the second reference
point.
5. Roll the trackball and a spline defined by three points of the first and second reference points
and the active cursor appears on the screen.
6. Move the cursor along the edge of the target and set more reference points (12 at most) to
make the spline approach the target region as closely as possible.

To correct a previous point, press <Clear>.
7. Press <Set> twice to anchor the last reference point. The spline is fixed and the results display
in the results window.
Cross
1. Select [Cross] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen.
3. Press <Set> to fix the starting point of the first axis.
4. Use the trackball to position the end point of the first axis and then press <Set>. Then
press <Update> to switch between the start point and the end point of the first axis. Or
press <Clear> to cancel setting the starting point of the first axis.
5. Press <Set> to set the end point of the first axis. The second axis (perpendicular to the first
axis) of the cross appears on the screen.
6. Move the trackball and press <Set> to fix the starting point of the second axis.
7. Move the cursor to the end point of the second axis. Then
8. Press <Set> to set the end point of the second axis and fix the region. The results appear in
the result window.
3.2.5 Volume
Function: measures the volume of the target object.
Method:
 3 Dist.
For calculating the object's volume with 3 axes of two images scanned in the plane
perpendicular to each other in B mode. The calculation formula is as follows:
π
Volume(cm3 )＝ × D1(cm) × D 2(cm) × D3(cm)
6
Where D1, D2 and D3 are the length of three axes of the target object.
 Ellipse
To calculate the object's volume by its horizontal section area. The calculation formula is as
follows:
π
Volume(cm3 )＝ × a (cm) × b 2 (cm)
6
Where a is the length of the major axis of the ellipse while b the minor.
 Ellipse Dist.
To calculate the object's volume by its horizontal and vertical section area. The calculation
formula is as follows:
π
Volume(cm3 )＝ × a (cm) × b(cm) × m(cm)
6
Here a, b and m indicate the length of the major, minor and the third axis of the ellipse
respectively.

Operations:
Volume
1. Select [Volume] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen.
2. Here D1, D2 and D3 are the lengths of three axes of the target object.
See “3.2.2 Distance” for detailed procedures.
Generally D1, D2 and D3 should belong to different scanning planes.
Volume (Ellipse)
1. Select [Volume (Ellipse)] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears
on the screen.
2. The procedure is similar to that of Ellipse in the area measurement, see “3.2.4 Area” for details.
Volume (Ellipse Dist.)

1. Select [Volume (E+ Dist.)] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears
on the screen.
2. Use the Ellipse method to measure the vertical section area.
The procedure is similar to that of Ellipse in the Area measurement, see “3.2.4 Area” for
details.
3. Unfreeze the image. Rescan the area of interest perpendicular to the previous image.
4. Measure the length of the third axis with the Distance measurement method, see “3.2.2
Distance” for detailed procedures.
3.2.6 Double Dist.

Function: measures the lengths of line segments A and B perpendicular to each other.
1. Select [Double Dist.] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on
the screen.
2. Move the cursor to the measurement starting point.
3. Press <Set> to set the starting point of the first line segment.
4. Use the trackball to position the end point of the first axis and then press <Set>. Then
5. Press <Set> to set the starting point of the first line segment. The second line segment
perpendicular to the fixed line segment appears on the screen.
6. Move the cursor to the starting point of the second line segment.
7. Press <Set> to set the starting point of the second line segment. Or, press <Update> or
<Clear> to return to the last step.
8. Move the cursor to the end point of the second line segment. Then
press <Update> to switch between the starting point and the end point of the second axis. Or
press <Clear> to cancel setting the starting point of the second axis.
9. Press <Set> to confirm the end point of the second line segment.

3.2.7 Parallel
Function: measures the distance between every two line segments of five parallel line segments,
namely, four distances in total.
1. Select [Parallel] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. Two lines perpendicular to
each other appear on the screen. The intersection is the starting point of the line segment.
2. Rotate the <Angle> knob to change the angle of the lines and press <Set> to confirm.
3. Move the cursor to the starting point of the line segment.
4. Press <Set> to confirm the starting point and the first line.
5. Move the cursor and press <Set> to confirm the other four parallel lines when the last parallel
line is set and the end point of the line that is perpendicular to the five parallel lines is
confirmed. During the measurement, press <Set> twice to set the last parallel line and
complete the measurement.
3.2.8 Curve Length

Function: measures the length of a curve on the image. Measurement methods available include
Trace and Spline.
Trace
1. Select [Trace Len] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen.
4. Move the cursor along the target to trace the outline of the target.
To modify the trace line, rotate the <Angle> knob:
Anticlockwise: to cancel a series of points.
Clockwise: to resume a series of points. You may also resume the points by rolling
trackball back.
5. Press <Set> to anchor the end point of the trace line.
Spline
1. Select [Trace Len (Spline)] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears
on the screen.
4. Move the trackball along the target and press <Set> to anchor the second, third, fourth, etc.,
points. A maximum of 12 points can be anchored.
To correct a previous point, press <Clear>.
5. Press <Set> twice to set the end point of the spline.
3.2.9 Ratio (D)

Function: measures the lengths of two line segments and then calculates their ratio.
1. Select [Ratio (D)] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen.
2. Measure the length of the two line segments, see “3.2.2 Distance” for detailed procedures.
The results display in the results window after the measurement of the second line is
completed.

3.2.10 Ratio (A)
Function: measures the area of two closed regions and then calculates their ratio. The methods
are Ellipse, Trace, Cross and Spline.
1. Select [Ratio (A)] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen.
2. Measure the area of the two closed regions; you may select different measurement methods
for each region. See “3.2.4 Area” for details.
3.2.11 B-Profile
Function: measures the gray distribution of ultrasonic echo signals on a line.
Tip: The following operations are performed on Freeze images by default.
1. Select [B-Profile] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen.
2. Set a line segment, see “3.2.2 Distance” for detailed procedures.
The result is shown in the figure below:
Where
No: The number of the graph. Value: 1 or 2.
The last two results will be displayed on the screen.
Gmax: The maximum gray.
Gmin: The minimum gray.
Gmean: The average gray.
Gsd: The variance of gray.
3.2.12 B-Hist
Function: measures and counts the gray distribution of ultrasonic echo signals within a closed
region. The methods to set a closed region are Ellipse, Trace, Spline and Rect. (Rectangle).
Tip: The following operations are performed on Freeze images by default.
Rectangle
Rect. sets a rectangle with two points on the cross. The operations are:
1. Select [B-Hist (Rectangle)] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears
on the screen.
2. Move the cursor to the first vertex of the rectangle, press <Set>.
3. Move the cursor to the second vertex of the rectangle, press <Set>. The result is shown in the
following figure:
Where
Horizontal axis: The gray of the image

The vertical axis: The gray distribution percentage.
No: The number of the graph. The last two results will be displayed
on the screen.
N: The total pixel number in the area to be measured.
M: M = ∑Di / N;
MAX: MAX = the pixel number in the maximum gray/N×100%
SD: Standard deviation. SD = (∑Di2/N-(∑Di/N)2)1/2
Di: the gray at each pixel point
∑Di: the total grays of all pixels.
Ellipse
See “Ellipse” in the “3.2.4 Area” for detailed procedures.
Trace
See “Trace” in the “3.2.4 Area” for detailed procedures.
Spline
See “Spline” in the “3.2.4 Area” for detailed procedures.
3.2.13 Color Vel.

Tip: 1. This measurement item is meant for a general estimation, not for accurate
measurement.
2. The following operations are performed on Freeze images by default.
Function: measures the velocity of blood flow on the Color Mode image.
1. Select [Color Vel.] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen.
2. Move the cursor to the point to be measured for blood flow velocity.
3. Press <Set> to fix the point, a floating line is displayed in the direction parallel to the ultrasonic
wave beam at that point.
The compensation angle is currently 0°. You can change the angle (0°-80°) by rotating the
<Angle> knob to align the floating line in the same direction as the blood flow at the point to be
measured.
4. Press <Set> to set the direction of the blood flow. The result displays in the results window.
3.2.14 Volume Flow

Function: measures blood flow through a vascular cross section per unit time.
For details, see “3.4.7 Volume Flow.”
3.2.15 IMT
Tip: The IMT should be performed on frozen images.
IMT (Intima-Media Thickness) measures the distance between LI (Lumen-Intima) and MA (Media-
Adventia). For details, see “7.4.3 Study Tool Operations IMT.”

3.3 M General Measurements
3.3.1 Distance
Function: measures the distance between two points on the M Mode image.
1. Select [Distance] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. Two dotted lines
perpendicular to each other appear on the screen.
2. Move the crossing point of the dotted lines to the measurement starting point and press <Set>.
3. Move the crossing point to the end point. The crossing point can then only be moved in a
vertical direction. Then
press <Update> to switch between the fixed end and active end of the caliper. Or
press <Clear> to cancel setting the starting point.
4. Press <Set> to set the end point.
3.3.2 Time
Function: measures the time interval between two points on the M Mode image.
1. Select [Time] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. Two dotted lines perpendicular to
each other appear on the screen.
3. Move the crossing point to the measurement end point. The crossing point can only be moved
in a horizontal direction. Then
3.3.3 Slope
Function: measures the distance and time between two points on the M Mode image and
calculates the slope between the two points.
1. Select [Slope] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. Two dotted lines perpendicular
to each other appear on the screen.
3. Move the crossing point to the measurement end point. The crossing point is connected to the
starting point by a dashed line. Then
3.3.4 Velocity
Function: measures the distance and time between two points on the M Mode image and then
calculates the average velocity between the two points.
1. Select [Velocity] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. Two dotted lines
perpendicular to each other appear on the screen.
3. Move the crossing point to the end point. The crossing point can then only be moved in a
vertical direction.
Then press <Update> to switch between the fixed end and active end of the caliper. Or

3.3.5 HR
Function: measures the time interval of n (n≤8) cardiac cycles on the M Mode image and
calculates the heart rate.
The number of cardiac cycles “n” can be preset in the [System Preset] → [Application] preset
dialog box. See “2.2 Measurement Parameters Preset” for details.
CAUTION: During the measurement, the number of cardiac cycles between the
measurement start and end points must be exactly the same as preset
([Setup][System Preset][Application]). Otherwise, misdiagnosis may
occur.
1. Select [HR] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. Two dotted lines perpendicular to
each other appear on the screen.
2. Select n cardiac cycles.
The HR result in the results window displays the measured heart rate value and the preset
number of cardiac cycles, as shown in the figure below.
HR 76(2) Bpm
Number of
Cardiac Cycles
Heart Rate
3.4 Doppler General Measurements

3.4.1 Time
Function: measures the time interval between two points on the Doppler image.
The operations are similar to the Time measurement in M Mode. See “3.3.2 Time” for details.
3.4.2 HR
Function: measures the time interval between n (n≤8) cardiac cycles on the Doppler Mode image
and calculates the number of heart beats per minute (BPM).
The operations are similar to the Heart Rate measurement in M Mode. See “3.3.5 HR” for details.
3.4.3 D Vel.
Function: measures the velocity, pressure gradient and correction angle of a certain point on the
Doppler spectrum.
Tip: The real-time velocity displays in the results window only before the <Set> key is
pressed to fix the starting point. The history value of the velocity is not displayed in the
results window.
1. Select [D Vel.] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen.
2. Move the cursor to the point to be measured for velocity.

3. Press <Set> and the result displays in the results window.
3.4.4 Acceleration
Function: measures the velocities of two points and their time interval on the Doppler image, and
calculates the acceleration, pressure gradient, velocity difference and correction angle.
1. Select [Acceleration] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on
the screen.
2. Move the cursor to the first point to be measured for velocity.
3. Press <Set> to fix the first point.
4. Move the cursor to the second point to be measured for velocity.
5. Press <Set> to fix the second point. The results display in the results window.
3.4.5 D Trace
Function: measures clinical indices using spectral Doppler tracing. Measurement methods
available are Trace, Auto, Spline, Vel. (Velocity) and 2 PT (Two Points).
A sketch of a Doppler spectrum is shown below:
A heartbeat cycle
▼ PS
▲ ED
Base line
a ▲ MD b
Systolic Diastolic
cycle cycle
NOTE: When doing D trace, please set systolic starting time as the starting point and diastolic
ending time as end point. That is, by tracing the Doppler spectrum from systolic to
diastolic to calculate indices.
 Operations:
1. Select [D Trace] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen.
2. Move the cursor to the starting point to be measured and press the [Set] key to fix the point.
3. Move the cursor around the object.
Move the cursor right: draw a trace line overlapping the spectrum as much as possible.
Move the cursor left to correct the trace line already drawn.
4. Trace the end point to be measured and press <Set> to fix the point.
Result parameters
The results obtained from D trace are:
Parameters Descriptions
The highest velocity of the red blood cells crossing the
PS Peak Systolic Velocity
sample volume.
Measures the blood velocity at the end of the cardiac
ED End-Diastolic Velocity
cycle.
MD Min-Diastolic Velocity Minimum absolute Velocity in the diastolic cycle.

Vel. / Flow velocity
The average flow velocity in the whole traced Doppler
spectrum.
 TAMAX (Time Averaged Maximum Velocity):
Tb
TAMAX(cm / s )＝ ∫ V (t ) dt (Tb − Ta )
Ta
Average
/ Where V(t) is the maximum velocity
velocity
 TAMEAN (Time Averaged Mean Velocity): Obtained
by auto-spectrum calculation.
Tb
TAMEAN(cm / s )＝ ∫ V (t ) dt (Tb − Ta )
Ta
Where V(t) is the mean velocity.

The corresponding pressure gradient of the peak systolic
PPG Peak Pressure Gradient
velocity. PPG (mmHg) = 4 × PS (m/s)2
The average pressure gradient in the whole traced
Doppler spectrum.
 MPG: Maximum Pressure Gradient.
Tb
MPG (mmHg ) = ∫ 4(V (t )) dt (T b−Ta )
2
Ta
Average
Pressure / Where V(t) is the peak systolic velocity.
Gradient  MMPG: Mean velocity Mean Pressure Gradient.
(Obtained during auto-spectrum calculation.)
Tb
MMPG (mmHg ) = ∫ 4(V (t )) dt (T b−Ta )
2
Ta
 Where V(t) is the mean systolic velocity.

Velocity-time integral. The integral of the product of
Doppler instantaneous velocity and the total time interval.
VTI Velocity-Time Integral Tb
VTI (m)＝ ∫ V (t )dt
Ta
The time of the blood velocity accelerating from the end

of diastole to the systolic peak. This is usually the time
AT Acceleration Time interval between the end of the first cardiac cycle and the
peak of the next cardiac cycle. Choose the first peak
when two peaks exist in the systolic cycle.
DT Deceleration Time Deceleration Time.
Calculates the heart rate per minute by measuring the
HR Heart Rate
time interval of one cardiac cycle.
PS/ED.
S/D /
S/D (No unit) = PS (m/s) / ED (m/s)
ED/PS.
D/S /
D/S (No unit) = ED (m/s) / PS (m/s)
Pulsatility index.
PI Pulsatility Index
PI (No unit) = |(PS (m/s) – ED (m/s)) / TAMAX (m/s)|

Resistance index. RI (No unit) = |(PS (m/s) – ED (m/s)) /
RI Resistive Index
PS (m/s)|
The correction angle is the spectrum angle during
measurement, which is a result obtained from a non D
θ /
trace measurement tool and is usually displayed together
with the spectral measurement results.
The peak velocity in systolic or diastolic cycles (with no
difference), which is the highest velocity of the red blood
PV Peak Velocity
cells that cross the sample volume. It can be used to
examine the venous vessel.
NOTE:
1. In the formulae above, T means time, the unit is s; V means the velocity at each point during T,
the unit is cm/s; a is the traced starting point, while b is the traced end point.
2. The above parameters are all the information obtained in D trace, while in application the
system only displays part of them according to the operation and preset.
Measurement Method
The measurement method varies according to the result selected.
 Velocity
Function: measures the velocity, pressure gradient and correction angle of a certain point on
the Doppler spectrum.
The operations are similar to the Time measurement in M Mode. See “3.4.3 D Vel.” for details.
 2 PT
Function: measures the velocity, pressure gradient and correction angle between two points
on the Doppler spectrum.
1. Select items using the [2 PT] method in the measurement menu, the cursor displays as a
large “+.”
2. Move the cursor to the starting point to be measured and press <Set> to fix the point.
3. Move the cursor to the end point to be measured and press <Set> to fix the point.
 Spline
1. Select items using the [Spline] method from the measurement menu.
2. Move the cursor to the starting point to be measured and press <Set> to fix the point.
3. Move the cursor along the edge of the desired region. Continue to fix the second, third,
etc.,point (50 points at most) of the spectrum.
4. Press <Set> twice to anchor the last reference point. Or
the measurement ends automatically when there are 50 reference points.
 Auto-Spectrum Calculation
You can also acquire the above results by auto calculation, which calculates the recent cardiac
cycles.
 Click [Auto Calc.] in the PW image menu to activate it. The system traces automatically
and displays the results in the top-right part of the screen.
 Touch “Auto Calc” tab on the touch screen, and click [Auto Calc. Param.] in the PW image
menu. You can select the parameters to be calculated.
 Click [Auto Cardiac Cycle] in the PW image menu. You can select the cycle number to be
calculated.

3.4.6 PS/ED
Function: measures the Peak Systolic (PS) velocity and End Diastolic (ED) velocity on the Doppler
spectrum, and calculates their resistance index (RI), S/D and correction angle.
1. Select [PS/ED] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The cursor appears on the
screen.
2. Move the cursor to the Systolic Peak and press <Set> to fix the point.
3. Move the cursor to the Diastolic End and press <Set> to fix the point.
3.4.7 Volume Flow

Function: measures blood flow through a vascular cross section per unit time.
1. Select [Volume Flow] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. The submenu displays.
Take touch screen as an example.
 Click [Vas. Area] to select the method for calculating the area: dist. or trace.
 Click [PW Scope] to select the scope to be traced.
2. Measure the vascular area.
3. Click [TAMEAN] or [TAMAX] to calculate the volume flow.
Item Description Method or formula
Obtain the area by
Dist. measuring the vascular Vas. Area = π × Vas Diam (cm)2/ 4
Vas. Area diameter.
Obtain the area using
Trace Area in 2D General Measurements
the trace method.

Item Description Method or formula
Vol Flow(A) (ml/min) = |Vas TAMEAN (cm/s)|
× Vas. Area (cm 2) × 60 (s)
Vol Flow(Area) -
TAMEAN Vas. TAMEAN - Time Averaged Mean
TAMEAN
Velocity, obtained from the Vas. Trace
measurement.
Vol Flow(A) (ml/min) = |Vas TAMAX (cm/s)| ×
Vas Area (cm 2) × 60 (s)
TAMAX Vol Flow(Area) - TAMAX Vas. TAMAX - Time Averaged Maximum
Velocity, obtained from the Vas. Trace
measurement.

3.5 References
3Dist Volume: Emamian, S.A., et al., “Kidney Dimensions at Sonography: Correlation With
Age, Sex, and Habitus in 665 Adult Volunteers,” American Journal of
Radiology, January, 1993, 160:83-86.
HR (M general Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary, ed. 27, W. B. Sanders Co.,
measurement): Philadelphia,1988, p. 1425.
PG: Powis, R., Schwartz, R. Practical Doppler Ultrasound for the Clinician.
Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland, 1991, p. 162.
Acceleration: Starvos, A.T., et.al. “Segmental Stenosis of the Renal Artery Pattern
Recognition of Tardus and Parvus Abnormalities with Duplex Sonography.”
Radiology, 184:487-492, 1992.
Taylor,K.W., Strandness,D.E. Duplex Doppler Ultrasound. Churchill-
Livingstone, New York,1990.
PPG: Yoganathan, Ajit P., et al., “Review of Hydrodynamic Principles for the
Cardiologist: Applications to the Study of Blood Flow and Jets by Imaging
Techniques,” Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1988, Vol. 12,
pp. 1344-1353
MPG: Yoganathan, Ajit P., et al., “Review of Hydrodynamic Principles for the
Cardiologist: Applications to the Study of Blood Flow and Jets by Imaging
Techniques,” Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1988, Vol. 12,
pp. 1344-1353
VTI: Degroff, C. G. Doppler Echocardiography. Third Edition. Lippincott-Raven,
Philadelphia, 1999, p. 102-103
RI: Burns, P.N., “The Physical Principles of Doppler and Spectral Analysis,” Journal
of Clinical Ultrasound, November/December 1987, Vol. 15, No. 9, p. 586
PI: Burns, Peter N., “The Physical Principles of Doppler and Spectral Analysis,”
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, November/December 1987, Vol. 15, No. 9, p. 585
S/D: Ameriso S, et al., “Pulseless Transcranial Doppler Finding in Takayasu’s
Arteritis,” J Clin Ultrasound, September 1990; 18:592-6
D/S: Ameriso S, et al., “Pulseless Transcranial Doppler Finding in Takayasu’s
Arteritis,” J Clin Ultrasound, September 1990; 18:592-6
Volume Burns, P.N., “The Physical Principles of Doppler and Spectral Analysis,”
Flow(Diam)- Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, November/December 1987, 15(9):587.
TAMAX
Volume Burns, P.N., “The Physical Principles of Doppler and Spectral Analysis,”
Flow(Area)- Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, November/December 1987, 15(9):587.
TAMAX

4 Abdomen
4.1 Abdomen Exam Preparations

Make the following preparations before measuring:
1. Confirm that the current probe is appropriate.
2. Check that the current system date is correct.
3. Press <Patient> and register the patient information in the [Patient Info] → [ABD] dialog box.
4. Switch to the correct exam mode.
4.2 Basic Abdomen Measurement Procedures

1. Press <Patient> and register the patient information in the [Patient Info] → [ABD] dialog box.
2. Press <Measure> to enter the Application Measurements.
If the current menu is not the one containing the Abdomen Measurement tools, move the
cursor to the menu title and select the package with the Abdomen Measurement tools.
3. Select the measurement tool in the menu (or the touch screen) to start the measurement.
See section “4.3 Abdomen Measurement Tools” and steps in “3 General Measurement” for
measurement methods.
4. Press <Report> to view the exam report. See “4.5 Abdomen Exam Report” for details.
Abdomen 4-1
4.3 Abdomen Measurement Tools
NOTE: The measurement tools mentioned below are configured in the system. The application
measurement packages provided in this system are generally different combinations of
measurement tools.
Measurement, calculation and study measurement items in 2D and Doppler mode (no M mode
measurement items) are listed below:
2D Abdomen Measurements
Types Tools Descriptions Methods or formulae
Liver /
Renal L Renal Length
Renal H Renal Height
Renal W Renal Width
Cortex Renal Cortical Thickness
Adrenal L Adrenal Length
Adrenal H Adrenal Height
Adrenal W Adrenal Width
CBD Common bile duct
Portal V Diam Portal Vein Diameter
CHD Common hepatic duct
GB L Gallbladder Length
GB H Gallbladder Height
Measurement GB wall th. Gallbladder wall thickness Distance in 2D General
Panc. duct Pancreatic duct Measurements
Panc. head Pancreatic head

Panc. body Pancreatic body
Panc. tail Pancreatic tail
Spleen /
Aorta Diam. Aorta Diameter
Aorta Bif. Aorta Bifurcation
Iliac Diam. Iliac Diameter
Pre-BL L Pre-void Bladder Length
Pre-BL H Pre-void Bladder Height
Pre-BL W Pre-void Bladder Width
Post-BL L Post-void Bladder Length
Post-BL H Post-void Bladder Height
Post-BL W Post-void Bladder Width
4-2 Abdomen
Distance in 2D General
Measurement Ureter /
Measurements
Renal Vol. Renal Volume See “Renal Vol.”
Pre-BL Vol. Pre-void Bladder Volume See “Pre-BL Vol.”
Calculation
Post-BL Vol. Post-void Bladder Volume See “Post-BL Vol.”
Mictur. Vol. Micturated Volume See “Mictur. Vol.”
Kidney / See “Kidney”
Study Adrenal / See “Adrenal”
Bladder / See “Bladder”
Doppler Abdomen Measurements

Ren. A Org. Renal Artery Origin
Arcuate A Arcuate Artery
Segment A Segmental Artery
Interlobar A Interlobar Artery
Renal A Renal Artery
M Renal A Main Renal Artery
Renal V Renal Vein
Aorta /
Celiac Axis /
Superior Mesenteric
SMA
Artery
C Hepatic A Common Hepatic Artery D trace in General D
Measurement
Hepatic A Hepatic Artery measurements
Splenic A Splenic Artery

IVC Inferior Vena Cava
Portal V Portal Vein
M Portal V Main Portal Vein
Hepatic V Hepatic Vein
Lt Hepatic V Left Hepatic Vein
Rt Hepatic V Right Hepatic Vein
M Hepatic V Middle Hepatic Vein
Splenic V Splenic Vein
Superior Mesenteric
SMV
Vein
Study / /
Abdomen 4-3
4.4 Abdomen Measurement Operations
Tip: 1. See the table in “4 Abdomen Measurement Tools” above for measurement tools
and methods.
Calculation and Study”.
3. The order of the measurement items can be preset. See “2.4.2 Application
4. A measurement tool can be activated by clicking the item in the measurement menu
or on the touch screen. It is described as “Select/Click ... in the measurement menu”
in the following procedures.
1. Select the item/tool in the measurement menu.

2. Perform the measurement referring to the methods in the table above.
4.5 Abdomen Exam Report

During or after a measurement, press <Report> on the Control Panel to browse the report.
For details about report browsing, printing and exporting, etc., see “1.7 Report.”
4-4 Abdomen
5 Obstetrics
Obstetric measurements are used to estimate the GA and EDD and calculate the growth indices,
including the EFW. The growth estimate is determined by the growth curve and fetal biophysical
profile.
5.1 Obstetric Exam Preparations

3. Press <Patient> and register the patient information in the [Patient Info] → [OB] dialog box.
For more details, see “Exam Preparation → Patient Information” in the Operator's Manual
[Basic Volume].
CAUTION: Ensure the system date is correct, otherwise the GA and EDD calculated
will be wrong.
5.2 Basic Measurement Procedures

The clinical GA is calculated when the corresponding data is entered on this page. See “5.3.1
Clinical GA” for details.
3. Select the measurement tool from the menu or the touch screen to start the measurement.
See the table in “5.4 Obstetric Measurement Tools” below for measurement tools.
See section “5.5 Obstetric Measurement Operations” and steps in “3 General Measurement”
for measurement methods.
4. Press <Report> to view the exam report. See “5.7 Obstetric Exam Report” for details.
Obstetrics 5-1
5.3 GA
5.3.1 Clinical GA
The GA (Gestational Age) and EDD (Estimated Delivery Date) are calculated according to clinical
parameters.
The system automatically calculates the GA and EDD after entering the relative information.
The calculation methods are listed as follows:

 LMP: enter the LMP, the system will calculate the GA and EDD.
 DOC: enter the DOC, the system will calculate the GA and EDD.
 IVF: after you enter IVF, the system will calculate the GA and EDD.
 PRV: enter the date and GA of the last exam, the system will calculate a new GA and EDD.
 BBT: after you enter BBT, the system will calculate the GA and EDD.
 EDD: enter the EDD, the system will calculate the GA and LMP.
2. The clinical GA is shown at the top of the obstetric report.
Tip: The latest EDD and GA calculation is considered as the final value if more than one EDD
and GA calculations are valid.
5.3.2 Ultrasound GA
The ultrasound GA and ultrasound EDD are calculated according to the parameters obtained in the
measurements.
 GA in OB Items
 AUA (Average Ultrasound Age)
 CUA (Composite Ultrasound Age)
GA in OB Items
The GA in the OB items is calculated from the related GA tables/formulae. It is independent from
the clinical GA.
1. You can preset the GA formulae and whether to display the EDD or not in [System Preset] →
[OB]. See “2.3 Obstetric Preset” for details.
2. The GA and other measurement values display in the results window after a measurement.
If the Diagnostic GA exceeds the threshold, an OOR (out of range) displays in the results
window and this result is not recorded in the report.
3. The GA of an OB item displays to the right of the item measurements.
4. For result values used to calculate GA (Gestational Age) and EDD (Estimated Date of
Delivery), the formula used in this calculation can be selected from [Formula].
AUA
AUA is the average of the valid GAs that are calculated according to the biparietal diameter (BPD),
head circumference (HC), abdomen circumference (AC), femur length (FL), Gestational Sac (GS),
crown rump length (CRL), etc.
5-2 Obstetrics
1. All valid values of all the above items will be included in the AUA calculation in the system
default method.
2. Click the checkboxes to the right of the related items to select whether to include the item in
the AUA calculation or not. The AUA value varies according to the selection.
CUA
The CUA is calculated according to formulae based on certain measurement items (the items
involved include the biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdomen circumference
(AC) and femur length (FL)). To calculate the CUA, all the GA formulae of the parameters involved
must be Hadlock, the unit of the parameters is cm and unit of CUA is week. The formulae are listed
as follows:
1. CUA(BPD) = 9.54+1.482*BPD+0.1676*BPD2
2. CUA(HC) = 8.96+0.540*HC+0.0003*HC3
3. CUA(AC) = 8.14+0.753*AC+0.0036*AC2
4. CUA(FL) = 10.35+2.460*FL+0.170*FL2
5. CUA(BPD, HC) = 10.32+0.009*HC2+1.3200*BPD+0.00012*HC3
6. CUA(BPD, AC) = 9.57+0.524*AC+0.1220*BPD2
7. CUA(BPD, FL) = 10.50+0.197*BPD*FL+0.9500*FL+0.7300*BPD
8. CUA(HC, AC) = 10.31+0.012*HC2+0.3850*AC
9. CUA(HC, FL) = 11.19+0.070*HC*FL+0.2630*HC
10. CUA(AC, FL) =10.47+0.442*AC+0.3140*FL2 - 0.0121*FL3
11. CUA(BPD, HC, AC) = 10.58+0.005*HC2 +0.3635*AC+ 0.02864*BPD*AC
12. CUA(BPD, HC, FL) = 11.38+0.070*HC*FL+0.9800*BPD
13. CUA(BPD, AC, FL) = 10.61+0.175*BPD*FL+0.2970*AC+0.7100*FL
14. CUA(HC, AC, FL) = 10.33+0.031*HC*FL+0.3610*HC+0.0298*AC*FL
15. CUA(BPD, HC, AC, FL)=10.85+0.060*HC*FL+0.6700*BPD+0.1680*AC
The default method of calculating the CUA is to use the formula that involves more measurement
items. You can also select the parameters by clicking the checkboxes to the right of the related
items.
OB Growth Percentile
The obstetric growth percentile is used to estimate the fetal growth. It calculates the difference
between the ultrasound measurement results and the measurement results corresponding to the
clinical GA in the FG table. The percentile will not be calculated when there is no clinical GA, or no
FG table, or the SD Type of the FG table is set to “None.”
Obstetrics 5-3
The premise is: data in the FG table are (approximately) normally distributed and support “lower-
limit < average value < upper-limit.”
The system does not calculate the OB growth percentile if:

 An FG table is not normally distributed.
 There is no upper/lower deviation set in the FG table.
 The FG table has the upper/lower deviation set, but certain clinical GA values have no
upper/lower deviation or the deviation value is not plus. The fetal growth curve is not affected.
E.g. Jeanty FG table of RAD.
The OB growth percentile is displayed in the results window, the measurement report, the exported
PDF/RTF report and the OB structured report, and it supports print viewing and printing.
5-4 Obstetrics
5.4 Obstetric Measurement Tools
The system supports the following 2D/M/Doppler obstetric measurements.
NOTE: 1. The measurement tools mentioned below are configured in the system. The
application measurement packages provided in this system are generally different
combinations of measurement tools. For more information about package preset,
see “2.4.2.2 Application Measurement Preset.”
2. The Smart NT must be used with convex-wide probe and good image quality. If an
evident inaccurate recognition exists, confirm the target profile manually and adjust
the result.
3. If the results of the calculation items of CI, FL/BPD, FL/AC, HC/AC and FL/HC
exceed the clinical range, the result value displays as “value*.”
2D Obstetric Measurements
GS Gestational Sac Diameter Distance in 2D General
YS Yolk Sac Measurements
Line (same as Distance in 2D

CRL Crown Rump Length General Measurements), Trace,
Spline
Measurements (Support Smart
NT Nuchal Translucency
NT method if the Smart NT
function is configured)*
BPD Biparietal Diameter
OFD Occipital Frontal Diameter Distance in 2D General
Measurements (Support Smart
HC1 Head Circumference
OB method if the Smart OB
Measurement AC Abdominal Circumference function is configured)
FL Femur Length
Abdominal Transversal
TAD
Diameter
Anteroposterior Abdominal
APAD
Diameter
TCD Cerebellum Diameter
Cist Magna Cist Magna Measurements
LVW Lateral Ventricle Width
HW Hemisphere Width
OOD Outer Orbital Diameter
IOD Inter Orbital Diameter
1
Head Circumference: in the HC measurement, if the measurement cursor of BPD appears on the screen, then
the measurement starting point will be automatically positioned at the measurement cursor starting point of the last
BPD. If you use “Ellipse” to measure the HC, the measurement cursor of the last BPD will be the first axis of the
ellipse in the default status.
Obstetrics 5-5
HUM Humerus Length
Ulna Ulna Length
RAD Radius Length
Tibia Tibia Length
FIB Fibula Length
CLAV Clavicle Length
Vertebrae Length of Vertebrae
MP Middle Phalanx Length
Foot Foot Length
Ear Ear Length
APTD Anteroposterior trunk diameter
TTD Transverse trunk diameter
Fetal Trunk Cross-sectional Area in 2D General
FTA
Area Measurements
THD Thoracic Diameter
Measurements
HrtC Heart Circumference Area in 2D General
TC Thoracic circumference Measurements
Umb. VD Umbilical Vein Diameter

F-kidney Fetal kidney Length
Mat. Kidney Matrix Kidney Length
Cervix L Cervical Length
AF Amniotic Fluid
NF Nuchal Fold
Orbit Orbit
PL
Placental Thickness
Thickness
Sac Diam1 Gestational Sac Diameter 1 Distance in 2D General
Measurements
Sac Diam2 Gestational Sac Diameter 2
Sac Diam3 Gestational Sac Diameter 3
AF1 Amniotic Fluid 1
Left Ventricular Internal
LVIDd
Diameter at End-diastole
LVIDs
Diameter at End-systole
5-6 Obstetrics
LV Diam. Left Ventricular Diameter
LA Diam. Left Atrium Diameter
Right Ventricular Internal
RVIDd
Right Ventricular Internal
RVIDs
RV Diam. Right Ventricular Diameter
RA Diam. Right Atrium Diameter
Interventricular Septal
IVSd
Thickness at End-diastole
IVSs
Thickness at End-systole
IVS
Thickness
LV Area Left Ventricular Area
LA Area Left Atrium Area
RV Area Right Ventricular Area
Measurements
RA Area Right Atrium Area
Ao. Diam. Aorta Diameter
Main Pulmonary Artery
MPA Diam.
Diameter
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract
LVOT Diam.
Measurement Diameter
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
RVOT Diam.
Diameter
Angle of the two lines: one
from fetus nasal base to Angle in 2D General
Facial Angle
forehead and the other from Measurements
nasal base to ear base.
Area in 2D General
HrtA Heart area
Measurements
MV Diam. Mitral Valve diameter
PV Diam. Pulmonary Valve Diameter
Ao. Asc.
Ascending Aorta Diameter
Diam.
Ao. Desc.
Descending Aorta Diameter Distance in 2D General
Diam.
Measurements
Duct. Art.
Ductus Arteriosus Diameter
Diam.
TV Diam. Tricuspid Valve Diameter
Left Pulmonary Artery
LPA Diam.
Diameter
Obstetrics 5-7
Right Pulmonary Artery
RPA Diam.
Diameter
AV Diam. Aorta Valve Diameter
IVC Diam. Inferior Vena Cava Diameter
Distance, Trace and Spline in 2D
UT L Uterine Length
General Measurements
UT H Uterine Height
UT W Uterine Width
Measurements
Endo. Endometrium Thickness
Cross for area in 2D General
AC (c) / Measurements
AC(c）=π(TAD+APAD)/２
Mean Sac Mean Gestational Sac The average value of three sac
Diam Diameter diameters
Measure the maximum AFs of
the four amniotic fluid pockets of
AFI / pregnant woman.
AFI = AF1+AF2+AF3+AF4
EFW Estimated Fetal Weight 1 EFW is calculated by the default
EFW formula, based on multiple
measured parameters. See
EFW2 Estimated Fetal Weight 2 “2.3.1 Obstetric Formula.” The
formula can be reselected in the
OB report.
HC/AC / HC/AC
FL/AC / FL/AC×100
FL/BPD / FL/BPD ×100%
Calculation
AXT / APTD × TTD
CI / BPD/OFD ×100%
FL/HC / FL/AC×100
HC(c) / HC(c) = 2.325×(BPD2 + OFD2)1/2
HrtC/TC / HrtC/TC
TCD/AC / TCD/AC
LVW/HW / LVW/HW × 100%
LVD/RVD / LV Diam/RV Diam
LAD/RAD / LA Diam/RA Diam
AoD/MPAD / Ao Diam/MPA Diam
LAD/AoD / LA Diam/Ao Diam
MAD Mean Abdominal Diameter (APAD+TAD)/2
5-8 Obstetrics
Measures AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4,
Study AFI /
calculates AFI
M Obstetric Measurements
Heart Rate in M General
FHR Fetal Heart Rate
Measurements
Left ventricular short-axis
LVIDd
diameter at end diastole
Left ventricular short-axis
LVIDs
diameter at end systole
Right ventricular short-axis
Measurement RVIDd
diameter at end diastole Distance in 2D General
Right ventricular short-axis Measurements
RVIDs
diameter at end systole
interventricular septal
IVSd
thickness at end diastole
interventricular septal
IVSs
thickness at end systole
Calculation / /
Study / /
Doppler Obstetric Measurements

Umb A Umbilical Artery
Placenta A Placenta Artery
MCA Middle Cerebral Artery
D trace in General D
Fetal Ao. Fetal Aorta
measurements
Desc. Aorta Descending Aorta
Ut. A Uterine Artery
Ovarian A Ovarian Artery
Measurement D trace in General D
measurements
Acquire Duct Veno D by 3-PT
Duct. Veno Ductus Veno method to measure peak value
of ventricular systole (S), peak
value of early diastole (D) and
minimum value of atrial
contraction (a).
FHR Fetal Heart Rate HR in General D measurements
Asc. Aorta Ascending Aorta D trace in General D
Obstetrics 5-9
RVOT Right Ventricle Outflow Tract measurements
LVOT Left Ventricle Outflow Tract
Calculation / /
Study / /
5.5 Obstetric Measurement Operations

Operations of measurement, calculation and study are described using examples.
Tip: 1. See the table in “5.4 Obstetric Measurement Tools” above for measurement tools
and methods.
5.5.1 Measurement Tool Operations

Take the HC measurement as an example.
1. Select the [HC] item/tool in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
See “Select Measurement Method Online” for details on how to select a method online.
2. Measure the area according to the Area method in 2D General Measurements.
The measurement results, GA calculation and OB growth percentile display in the results
window.
You can preset whether to display the EDD or not in [System Preset] → [OB] → [Fetal
Gestational Age].
For more details about GA, see “5.3 GA.”
 Auto OB Measurement (Smart OB)

There is an auto measurement method for commonly-used OB measurement items (BPD, HC, AC,
FL, OFD, NT and etc.). The procedure is as follows:
1. Scan the proper image.
2. Select the OB measurement item from the menu and select the [Auto] method.
3. The measurement caliper is drawn on the image automatically.
You can rotate the trackball to modify the caliper if the result of the auto measurement does
not match the image exactly.
4. Press <Set> to confirm the measurement.
Or, press <Update>/<Clear> to modify the caliper for a more accurate result.
5-10 Obstetrics
5.5.2 Calculation Tool Operations
Take the HC/AC measurement as an example.
1. Select the [HC/AC] item/tool in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Measure the HC and AC according to the Area method in 2D General Measurements.
The second measurement is activated automatically when the first one is completed. The
results display in the results window after measurement.
5.5.3 Study Tool Operations

The operation of the AFI measurement is as follows:
1. Select [AFI] in the measurement menu or the touch screen. Enter the submenu.
2. Measure the maximum AFs of the four amniotic fluid pockets of pregnant woman. The AFI is
calculated automatically.
5.6 Multi-Fetus Exam

The system allows multi-fetus examination (4 at most).
NOTE: Ensure that the fetus displayed in the multi-fetus measurement menu is the one on
which you intend to perform the measurements.
In a similar way to the OB measurement:
1. Set the number of fetuses in [Gestations] via [Patient Info] → [OB].
If [Gestations] is set to be more than 1, the [Fetus] widget displays in the OB measurement
menu (and on the touch screen), as shown in the figure below.
(in the menu) (on the touch screen)
You can switch between [Fetus A], [Fetus B], [Fetus C] or [Fetus D] via the widget (or the
[Fetus] button on the touch screen).
2. Carry out the measurement of the fetus respectively.
The measurement results in the results window are marked with fetus label A, B or C.
3. In the Obstetric report, select [Fetus A], [Fetus B], [Fetus C] or [Fetus D] to switch between the
results for different fetuses.
4. Tap [Fetus Compare] on the touch screen to see a visualized comparison result.
5. In the [OB Graph] dialog box, select [A], [B], [C] or [D] on the left to display the growth curves
of the different fetuses.
 Data of Fetus: different symbols are used on the growth curves to identify measurement
data of different fetuses.
 Historic/current data: symbol size is used to differentiate, with historic data appearing in
smaller symbols.
Tip: you can select whether to print multi-fetus data in one report via <Report>->[Setting].
Obstetrics 5-11
5.7 Obstetric Exam Report
See “5.6 Multi-Fetus Exam” for multi-fetus exam reports.
5.7.1 Fetal Biophysical Profile

Fetal Biophysical Profile means to first obtain a few indices related to fetal growth through
experiment or measurement and then evaluate the hazardous situation that the fetus is facing by
grading these indices respectively.
1. Under OB report status, tap [Analyze] on the touch screen, the fetus Score is listed after the
fetal analysis.
The scoring criteria the system provides are based on the Vintzileos formula, as shown in the
table below.
Fetal growth Observation
Score 0 Score 2 Remarks
index time
<2, or Reactive FHR Reactive FHR ≥ 15 bpm,
FHR 30 minutes
≤15 bpm duration ≥ 15s, ≥ 2 times
FM ≥ 3 times (continuous The score(s)
FM ≥ 2 fetal movements movement is deemed as 1 30 minutes can be
time) manually
No FBM or duration FBM ≥ 1 times; duration ≥ entered into
FBM 30 minutes the system.
≤ 30s 30s
Limbs stretch, no Limbs and spine
FT /
bend, fingers loose stretch/bend ≥ 1 times
No AF, or AF volume One or more AF
AF /
< 2 × 2 cm volumes > 2 × 2 cm
Fetal scoring results criteria:

Total scores Growth condition
8-10 Normal, chronic asphyxia risk low
4-6 Chronic asphyxia risk suspicious
0-2 Chronic asphyxia risk high
2. The scores of each index as well as the total score will be appended to the report.
5.7.2 Z-Score
As the FL, BPD and GA are most relevant to the fetus cardiac structure and the Z-Score
regression equation is related to the natural logarithm value of the FL, BPD and GA variables, the
Z-Score of cardiac structures can be obtained by looking at the Z-Score table, which is important in
fetus cardiac growth evaluation and intrauterine interventional therapy.
In (predicted cardiac dimension) = m*In(FL, GA or BPD)+c
Z-Score = (In(actual)-In(predicted cardiac dimension))/root MSE
5-12 Obstetrics
Where the unit of FL and BPD is cm, GA is week, m is multiplier, c is intercept and root MSE is
root-mean-square error, which can be obtained from the table.
1. Enter the patient's basic information and obstetric information in the [Patient Info] → [OB]
dialog box.
2. Measure the BPD and FL.
3. Select Z-Score parameters (with Z-Score tag in the name) from the measurement menu.
4. Open the report to check the Z-Score result.
Tip: the Z-Score study is effective for fetuses aged 15~40 weeks.
5.7.3 Fetal Growth Curve

The fetus growth curve compares the measured data of the fetus with the normal growth curve to
judge whether the fetus is in normal growth state. The growth curve data is sourced from the Fetal
Growth Table.
1. Enter patient information and obstetric information in [Patient Info] → [OB] dialog box.
2. Perform one or more fetal growth parameter tools.
3. Tap [OB Graph] on the report touch screen to display the Obstetric Growth Curve dialog box.
The dialog box displays the growth curve and the position of the measurement value.
 Two drop-down lists above the curve display the measurement item/tool and the formula of the
curve, which can be changed.
 Different symbols are used on the growth curves to identify measurement data of different
fetuses.
 Current and historic data of a fetus are displayed in the same symbols, with the historic data
appearing in smaller symbols.
 Click the [Print] checkbox to determine whether to include the growth curve in the printed
report or not.
 The green dotted line indicates the clinical GA on the X-axis.
 Select the number and layout of the curves from [Display Layout].
1*1: one curve displays in the screen.
2*1: two curves (up/down) display in the screen.
2*2: four curves display in the screen.
 Click [Previous]/[Next] to turn the growth curve pages.
4. Click [Save] to confirm the setting and exit the page.
Tip: If the patient ID is blank, the clinical GA is not calculated or the measurement value
is not valid, the measurement values will not be displayed on the curve.
5.8 References
GS Rempen A., 1991
Arztliche Fragen. Biometrie in der Fruhgraviditat (i.Trimenon): 425-430.
Hansmann M., Hackelöer B.J., Staudach A.

Ultraschalldiagnostik in Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie 1985
Obstetrics 5-13
Hellman L.M., Kobayashi M., Fillisti L., et al. Growth and development of the
human fetus prior to the 20th week of gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969;
103:784-800.
Studies on Fetal Growth and Functional Developments, Takashi Okai,

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Tokyo
China
Written by Zhou Yiongchang & Guo Wanxue
in Chapter 38 of “Ultrasound Medicine” (3rd edition) Science & Technology
Literature Press, 1997
Daya S., Wood S., Ward S., et al. Early pregnancy assessment with
transvaginal ultrasound scanning Can Med Assoc J, 1991;144(4);441-446
5-14 Obstetrics
CRL Rempen A., 1991
Arztliche Fragen. Biometrie in der Fruhgraviditat (i.Trimenon): 425-430.

Hadlock F.P., et al. Fetal Crown-Rump Length: Reevaluation of Relation to

Menstrual
Age (5-18 weeks) with High-Resolution Real-time US. Radiology 182:501-
505.
Jeanty P., Romero R. Obstetrical Sonography, p. 56. New York, McGraw-Hill,

1984.
Nelson L. Comparison of methods for determining crown-rump measurement

by realtime ultrasound. J Clin Ultrasound February 1981; 9:67-70.
Robinson H.P., Fleming J.E. A critical evaluation of sonar crown rump length
measurements. Br J Obstetric and Gynaecologic September 1975; 82:702-
710.
Fetal Growth Chart Using the Ultrasonotomographic Technique

Keiichi Kurachi, Mineo Aoki
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Medical School
Revision 3 (September 1983)
Studies on Fetal Growth and Functional Developments

Takashi Okai Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Tokyo
Pam Loughna1, Lyn Chitty, Tony Evans, Trish Chudleigh. Fetal size and
dating: charts recommended for clinical obstetric practice. British Medical
Ultrasound Society. ULTRASOUND August 2009 Volume 17 Number 3
China
Ultrasonic fetal Measurement Standards for an Australian Population,

compiled by Susan Campbell Westerway - Faculty of Health Sciences
University of Sydney
http://www.asum.com.au/open.home.htm Date: December 2003
BPD Merz E., Werner G. & Ilan E. T. “Ultrasound in Gynecology and Obstetrics”
Textbook and Atlas 312, 326-336. 1991 Georg Thieme Verlag, pp.326~327
Rempen A., 1991 Arztliche Fragen. Biometrie in der Fruhgraviditat

(i.Trimenon): 425-430.
Obstetrics 5-15
Hansmann M., Hackelöer B.J., Staudach A. Ultraschalldiagnostik in
Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie 1985
Jeanty P., Romero R. “Obstetrical Ultrasound.” McGraw-Hill Book Company,

1984, pp. 57-61.
Sabbagha R.E., Hughey M. Standardization of sonar cephalometry and
gestational age. Obstetrics and Gynecology October 1978; 52:402-406.
Kurtz A.B., Wapner R.J., Kurtz R.J., et al. Analysis of bipariental diameter as
an accurate indicator of gestational age. J Clin Ultrasound 1980;8:319-326.
Fetal Growth Chart Using the Ultrasonotomographic Technique, Keiichi

Kurachi, Mineo Aoki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka
University Medical School Revision 3 (September 1983)
Studies on Fetal Growth and Functional Developments, Takashi Okai,

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Tokyo
Chitty L.S., Altman D.G. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

January 1994, Vol.101 P29-135.
China
Altmann D.G.; Chitty L.S. New charts for ultrasound dating of pregnancy
Obstetrics and Gynecology Vol. 10: 174-191, 1997
Hadlock F.P., et al. Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of

Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters. Radiology 1984:152: 497-501
Hansmann, Hackeloer, Staudach, Wittmann. Ultrasound Diagnosis in

Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1985
Jeanty P., Cousaert E., Hobbins J.C., Tack B., Bracken M., Cantraine F. A
longitudinal Study of fetal head biometry. American Journal of Perinatology;
Volume1; Number 2; January 1984; pages 118-128
R. J. M. Snijders and K. H. Niicolaides. Fetal biometry at 14-40 weeks’

gestation. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 4 (1994) 34-48
Norio Shinozuka, Takashi Okai, Masahiko Mizuno. Issued by Shindan & Tiryo
Sya Tokyo University, School of Medicine, OB/GYN dept. How to interpret
OB/GYN ultrasound measurement data. 80. Fetal Measurement Obstetrics &
Gynecology Chapter 56 Separate volume; 1989, Oct. 27th Publication
5-16 Obstetrics
OFD Merz E., Werner G. & Ilan E. T., 1991
Ultrasound in Gynecology and Obstetrics Textbook and Atlas 312, 326-336.

Jeanty P., Cousaert E., Hobbins J.C., Tack B., Bracken M., Cantraine F., “A
longitudinal study of fetal head biometry” American Journal of Perinatology;
Volume 1; Number 2; January 1984
Ultrasonic fetal Measurement Standards for an Australian Population.

University of Sydney http://www.asum.com.au/open.home.htm Date:
December 2003
Hansmann, Hackelöer, Staudach, (Wittmann). Ultrasound Diagnosis in

Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer- Verlag, New York, 1986, p.433

HC Merz E., Werner G. & Ilan E. T., 1991

Jeanty P., Romero R. “Obstetrical Ultrasound.” McGraw-Hill Book Company,

1984.

Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters. Radiology 1984; 152 (No. 2):499.

Chitty L.S., Altman D.G.

British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology January 1994, Vol.101
P29-135.
Chitty L.S., Altman D.G., Hendesson A., Campell S., Charts of fetal size: 2
Head measurements, Br J Obstetric Gynecology 1994, Vol 101, P 35-43.
Altmann D.G.; Chitty L.S. “New charts for ultrasound dating of pregnancy”
Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Vol. 10: 174-191, 1997
Jeanty P., Cousaert E., Hobbins J.C., Tack B., Bracken M., Cantraine F., “A
longitudinal study of fetal head biometry” American Journal of Perinatology;
Volume 1; Number 2; January 1984

December 2003
Obstetrics 5-17
AC Merz E., Werner G. & Ilan E. T., 1991

Ultrasound in Gynecology and Obstetrics Textbook and Atlas 312, Georg
Thieme Verlag, 326-336.

Jeanty P., Romero R. A longitudinal study of fetal abdominal growth,

“Obstetrical Ultrasound.” MacGraw-Hill Book Company, 1984.
P29-135.

December 2003
Crequat, J., Duyme, M., Brodaty, G. Biometry 2000. Fetal growth charts by
the French College of fetal ultrasonography and the Inserm U 155.
Gynecol.Obstet Fertil., Vol. 28 No. 2, 2000, pages 435-455
Chitty L.S. Altman D.G. Hendesson A. Campell S. Charts of fetal size: 3.

Abdominal measurements. Br J Obstetric Gynaecology 1994, Vol 101, pages
35-43.
Chitty, L.S., Altman, D.G., Henderson, A., Campbell, S. Charts of fetal size: 3.
Abdominal measurements Br.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. Vol. 101 No. 2, 1994, pages
125-131
Hansmann, Hackeloer, Staudach, Wittmann. Ultrasound Diagnosis in

Obstetrics and Gynecology Springer- Verlag, New York, 1986, p.431.
Jeanty P., Cousaert E., Cantraine F. Normal Growth of the Abdominal

Perimeter. American Journal of Perinatology; Volume 1 Number 2; January
1984;
pages 129-135

FL Merz E., Werner G. & Ilan E. T., 1991

Ultrasound in Gynaecology and Obstetrics Textbook and Atlas 312, 326-336.

5-18 Obstetrics
Warda A. H., Deter R. L. & Rossavik, I. K., 1985.

Fetal femur length: a critical re-evaluation of the relationship to menstrual
age. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 66,69-75.
O'Brien G.D., Queenan J.T. (1981)

Growth of the ultrasound femur length during normal pregnancy,
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 141:833-837.
Jeanty P., Rodesch F., Delbeke D., Dumont J. Estimation of gestational age
from
measurements of fetal long bones. Journal of Ultrasound Medicine
February 1984; 3:75-79.
Hohler C., Quetel T. Fetal femur length: equations for computer calculation of
gestational age from ultrasound measurements. American Journal of
Obstetrics and Gynecology June 15, 1982; 143 (No. 4):479-481.

Studies on Fetal Growth and Functional Developments

Takashi Okai Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Tokyo

P29-135.
Jeanty P., Cousaert E., Cantraine F., Hobbins J.C., Tack B., Struyven J. “A
longitudinal Study of fetal limb growth” American Journal of Perinatology;
Volume 1; Number 2; January 1984;136-144
Jeanty P., Rodesch F., Delbeke D., Dumont J. “Estimation of Gestational Age
from
Measurements of Fetal Long Bones” Journal of Ultrasound Medicine, 3: 75-
79, February, 1984
China
Written by Zhou Yiongchang & Guo Wanxue in Chapter 38 of “Ultrasound
Medicine” (3rd edition) Science & Technology Literature Press, 1997
ASUM
University of Sydney. http://www.asum.com.au/open/home.htm Date:
December 2003
R. J. M. Snijders and K. H. Niicolaides; Fetal biometry at 14-40 weeks’
gestation Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 4 (1994) 34-48
Obstetrics 5-19
TAD Merz E., Werner G. & Ilan E. T., 1991
APAD Merz E., Werner G. & Ilan E. T., 1991
THD Hansmann M., Hackelöer B.J., Staudach A.

FTA Fetal Growth Chart Using the Ultrasonotomographic Technique

HUM Merz E., Werner G. & Ilan E. T., 1991

Jeanty P., Rodesch F., Delbeke D., Dumont J. Estimation of gestational age
from
measurements of fetal long bones. Journal of Ultrasound Medicine February
1984;
3:75-79.

University of Sydney. http://www.asum.com.au/open/home.htm Date:
December 2003
CLAV “Clavicular Measurement: A New Biometric Parameter for Fetal Evaluation.”

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 4:467-470, September 1985.
TCD Goldstein I., et al. Cerebellar measurements with ultrasonography in the
evaluation of fetal growth and development. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987;
156:1065-1069.
Hill L.M., et al. Transverse cerebellar diameter in estimating gestational age in

the large for gestational age fetus, Obstet Gynecol 1990; 75:981-985.
R. J. M. Snijders and K. H. Niicolaides; Fetal biometry at 14-40 weeks’

gestation Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 4 (1994) 34-48
GS Hellman LM, Kobayashi M, Fillisti L, et al. Growth and development of the

human fetus prior to the twentieth week of gestation. Am J Obstet
Gynecol,1969;103(6):789-800
Ulna Merz E., Werner G. & Ilan E. T., 1991

Jeanty P., Rodesch F., Delbeke D., Dumont J., “Estimation of Gestational Age
5-20 Obstetrics
from Measurements of Fetal Long Bones.” J Ultrasound Med 3:75-79, 1984
Tibia Merz E., Werner G. & Ilan E. T., 1991

Jeanty P., Rodesch F., Delbeke D., Dumont J., “Estimation of Gestational Age
from Measurements of Fetal Long Bones.” J Ultrasound Med 3:75-79, 1984
RAD Merz E., Werner G. & Ilan E. T., 1991

Fetal Limb Bimetry (Letter), Radiology 147:602, 1983
FIB Merz E., Werner G. & Ilan E. T., 1991

Fetal Limb Bimetry (Letter), Radiology 147:602, 1983
OOD Jeanty P., Cantraine R., Cousaert E., et al. The Binocular Distance: A New
Way to Estimate Fetal Age. J Ultrasound Med 1984; 3: 241-243.
Ultrasound GA Hadlock, Radiology, 1984 152:497-501
Cist Magna R. J. M. Snijders and K. H. Niicolaides. Fetal biometry at 14-40 weeks’

FL/HC (Hadlock) Hadlock,F.P.,Harrist,R.B.,Shah,Y.,Park,S.K.,” The femur length/head

circumference relation in obstetric sonography” J Ultrasound Med 1984, 3:
439-442 (Fetal Growth)
HC/AC(Campbell) Campbell S., “Ultrasound Measurement of Fetal Head and Abdomen

Circumference Ratio in the Assessment of Growth Retardation”.Obstetrics
and Gynaecology, Vol 84, 165- 174, March 1977
Estimated Fetal Weight (EFW)

Merz E., Werner G. & Ilan E. T., Ultrasound in Gynaecology and Obstetrics. Textbook and Atlas
1991 Georg Thieme Verlag, 308-338
Obstetrics 5-21
Hansmann M., Hackelöer B.J., Staudach A., Ultraschalldiagnostik in Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie
1995
Campbell S., Wilkin D. “Ultrasonic Measurement of Fetal Abdomen Circumference in the Estimation
of Fetal Weight.” Br J Obstetrics and Gynaecology September 1975; 82 (No. 9):689-697.
Hadlock F.P., Harrist R., et al. Estimation of fetal weight with the use of head, body, and femur
measurements - a prospective study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology February 1,
1985; 151 (No. 3):333-337.
Shepard M., Richards V., Berkowitz R., Warsof S., Hobbins J. An Evaluation of Two Equations for
Predicting Fetal Weight by Ultrasound. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology January
1982; 142 (No. 1): 47-54.
Fetal Growth Chart Using the Ultrasonotomographic Technique, Keiichi Kurachi, Mineo Aoki
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Medical School Revision 3
(September 1983)
Studies on Fetal Growth and Functional Developments, Takashi Okai Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo
Brenner W.E., Edelman D.A., Hendricks C.H. A standard of fetal growth for the United States of
America. VOL. 91, NO. 6, JUNE 1998
Hadlock F.P., Harrist R., Martinez-Poyer J. In utero analysis of fetal growth: A sonographic
standard. Radiology 1991;181:129-133
Ronald Williams, Robert Creasy, George Cunningham, Warren Hawes, Rank Norris, Michiko
Tashiro. Fetal Growth and Perinatal Viability in California. Obstetric & Gynecology Vol. 59, NO. 5,
May 1982
Hansmann, Hackeloer, Staudach, Wittmann. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986
Shinozuka N., Okai T., Kohzuma S., Mukubo M., Shih C.T., Maeda T., et al. Formulas for Fetal
Weight Estimation by Ultrasound Measurements based on Neonatal Specific Gravities and
Volumes. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 157: 1140-1145; 1987
K Maršál, P-H Persson, T Larsen, H Lilja, A Selbing and B Sultan. Intrauterine growth curves
based on ultrasonically estimated foetal weights; Acta Pædiatr 85: 843-8. 1996.
R. L. SCHILD, K. FELL, R. FIMMERS, U. GEMBRUCH and M. HANSMANN. A new formula for

calculating weight in the fetus of ≤1600 g. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004; 24: 775–780.
Published online 8 October 2004 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI:
10.1002/uog.1741.
Fetal Biophysical Profile

Manning FA. Dynamic ultrasound-based fetal assessment: the fetal biophysical profile score.
Women's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
5-22 Obstetrics
Dynamic ultrasound-based fetal Assessment: The Fetal Biophysical Profile Score, Clinical
obstetrics and gynecology, Manning FA,38:26-44,1995a.
Weight Percentile for Age

Hadlock F.P., Harrist R., Martinez-Poyer J. In utero analysis of fetal growth: A sonographic
standard. Radiology 1991;181:129-133.
AFI
Thomas R., Moore M.D., Jonathan E., Cayle M.D. The amniotic fluid index in normal human
pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology May 1990; 162: 1168-1173.
Z-Score
Schneider C. et. al., “Development of Z-scores for fetal cardiac dimensions from echocardio-
graphy”, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. Vol. 26, 2005: 599-605.
CI
Hadlock, F., Deter, R., Carpenter, R., Park, D. Estimating Fetal Age: effect of Head Shape on BPD.
American Journal of Roentgenology, 137: 83-85, July 1981
FL/AC
Hadlock F., Deter R., Harrist R., Roecker E., Park S. A Date-Independent Predictor of Intrauterine
Growth Retardation: Femur Length/Abdominal Circumference Ratio American Journal of
Roentgenology, 141:979-984, November 1983
FL/HC(Hadlock)
Hadlock,F.P., Harrist,R.B., Shah,Y., Park,S.K. The femur length/head circumference relation in
obstetric sonography. J Ultrasound Med 1984, 3: 439-442 (Fetal Growth)
HC/AC(Campbell)
Campbell S. Ultrasound Measurement of Fetal Head and Abdomen Circumference Ratio in the
Assessment of Growth Retardation. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vol 84, 165- 174, March 1977
FL/BPD
Hohler C.W., Quetel, T:A: Comparison of Ultrasound Femur Length and Biparietal Diameter in Late
pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, volume 14, No. 7: 759-762, 1-Dec.-1981
Ut A RI/MCA RI
Kurmanavicius J., Florio I., Wisser J., Hebisch G., Zimmermann R., Muller R. et al. Reference
resistance indices of the umbilical, fetal middle cerebral and uterine arteries at 24-42 weeks of
gestation. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 1997;10:112-20.
Duct Veno
A. A. BASCHAT. Relationship between placental blood flow resistance and precordial venous
Doppler indices. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003; 22: 561–566
Obstetrics 5-23
6 Cardiology
6.1 Cardiac Exam Preparations

3. Press <Patient> and enter the patient information on the [Patient Info] → [CARD] page.
[Basic Volume].
6.2 Basic Cardiac Measurement Procedures

1. Press <Patient> and enter the patient information on the [Patient Info] → [CARD] page.
2. Press <Measure> to enter the Application Measurement.
See the table in “6.3 Cardiac Measurement Tools” for measurement tools.
See section “6.3 Cardiac Measurement Tools” and steps in “3 General Measurement” for
4. Press <Report> to view the exam report. See “6.5 Cardiac Exam Report” for details.
6.3 Cardiac Measurement Tools

The system supports the following cardiac measurements:
NOTE: 1. The measurement tools mentioned below are configured in the system. The
application measurement packages provided in this system are generally different
combinations of measurement tools. For more information about package preset,
see “2.4.2.2 Application Measurement Preset.”
2. Some application items in the measurement preset library (and matching list in the
results assignment) are displayed different from those in the measurement menu
and results window.
In the preset library (and matching list in the results assignment), the item is
followed with the word indicating the mode or location.
6.3.1 2D Cardiac Measurements

LA Diam. Left Atrium Diameter Distance in 2D General
Measurement
LA Major Left Atrium Major Diameter Measurements
Cardiology 6-1
LA Minor Left Atrium Minor Diameter
RA Major Right Atrium Major Diameter
RA Minor Right Atrium Minor Diameter
LV Major Left Ventricular Major Diameter
LV Minor Left Ventricular Minor Diameter
Left Ventricular Long-axis Length
LVLd apical
at End-diastole in apical view
Left Ventricular Long-axis Length
LVLs apical
at End-systole in apical view
RV Major Right Ventricular Major Diameter Distance in 2D General
RV Minor Right Ventricular Minor Diameter Measurements
LA Area Left Atrium Area

RA Area Right Atrium area
Left Ventricular area at end-
LV Area(d)
diastole
Left Ventricular area at end-
LV Area(s)
systole
Area in 2D General
Right Ventricular area at end- Measurements
RV Area(d)
diastole
Right Ventricular area at end-
RV Area(s)
systole
Left Ventricular Area at Mitral
LVAd sax MV Valve level at End-diastole in
Short-axis view
Left Ventricular Area at Mitral
LVAs sax MV Valve level at End-systole in
Short-axis view
Left Ventricular Long-axis Area at
LVAd apical
End-diastole in apical view
Left Ventricular Long-axis Area at
LVAs apical Area in 2D General
end-systole in apical view
Measurements
Left Ventricular Epicardial Area at
LVAd sax Epi Papillary Muscle level at end-
diastole in Short-axis view
Left Ventricular Endocardial Area
LVAd sax Endo at Papillary Muscle level at end-
Left Ventricular Internal Diameter
LVIDd
at end-diastole
Left Ventricular Internal Diameter Distance in 2D General
LVIDs
at end-systole Measurements
Right Ventricular Diameter at
RVDd
end-diastole
6-2 Cardiology
Right Ventricular Diameter at
RVDs
end-systole
Left Ventricular Posterior wall
LVPWd
thickness at end-diastole
LVPWs
thickness at end-systole
Right Ventricular Anterior wall
RVAWd
RVAWs
Interventricular Septal Thickness
IVSd
at end-diastole
IVSs
at end-systole
Ao. Arch Diam. Aorta Arch Diameter
Ao. Asc. Diam. Ascending Aorta Diameter
Ao. Desc. Diam. Descending Aorta Diameter
Ao. Isthmus Aorta Isthmus Diameter
Ao. ST Junct. Aorta ST Junction Diameter
Ao. Sinus Diam. Aorta Sinus Diameter
Duct. Art. Diam. Ductus Arteriosus Diameter
Pre Ductal Previous Ductal Diameter
Post Ductal Posterior Ductal Diameter
ACS Aortic Valve Cusp Separation
Measurement Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Distance in 2D General
LVOT Diam.
Diameter Measurements
AV Diam. Aorta Valve Diameter
Area in 2D General
AVA Aortic Valve Area
Measurements
PV Diam. Pulmonary Valve Diameter
LPA Diam. Left Pulmonary Artery Diameter
RPA Diam. Right Pulmonary Artery Diameter
MPA Diam. Main Pulmonary Artery Diameter Measurements
RVOT Diam.
Diameter
MV Diam. Mitral Valve diameter
Area in 2D General
MVA Mitral Valve Area
Measurements
MCS Mitral Valve Cusp Separation Distance in 2D General
Cardiology 6-3
Distance between point E and Measurements
MV EPSS Interventricular Septum when
mitral valve is fully open
TV Diam. Tricuspid Valve Diameter
Area in 2D General
TVA Tricuspid Valve Area
Measurements
Inferior Vena Cava Inspiration
IVC Diam.(Insp.)
Diameter
IVC Inferior Vena Cava Expiration
Diam.(Expir.) Diameter
SVC Superior Vena Cava Inspiration Distance in 2D General
Diam.(Insp.) Diameter Measurements
SVC Superior Vena Cava Expiration
Diam.(Expir.) Diameter
LCA Diam Left Coronary Artery
RCA Diam Right Coronary Artery
Ventricular Septal Defect
VSD Diam.
Diameter
ASD Diam. Atrial Septal Defect Diameter
Patent Ductus Arteriosus Distance in 2D General
PDA Diam.
Measurement Diameter Measurements
PFO Diam. Patent Oval Foramen Diameter
PEd Pericardial Effusion at diastole
PEs Pericardial Effusion at systole
HR Heart Rate
Measurements
End-diastolic Left Ventricular
Diastole
Measurement FoldLine in 2D mode
End-systolic Left Ventricular
Systole
Measurement
RA Vol(A4C) Right Atrium Volume (4-chamber) See “Simpson” study
Left Atrium Diameter/Aorta LA Diam. (cm)/Ao. Diam.
Calculation LA/Ao.
Diameter (cm)
Study See below / /
6-4 Cardiology
6.3.2 M Cardiac Measurements
LA Diam. Left Atrium Diameter
LVIDd
at end-diastole
LVIDs
at end-systole
Right Ventricular Diameter at end-
RVDd
diastole
Right Ventricular Diameter at end-
RVDs
systole
LVPWd
LVPWs
RVAWd
RVAWs
IVSd
at end-diastole
IVSs Distance in M General
Measurement at end-systole
Measurements
Ao. Arch Diam. Aorta Arch Diameter
Ao. Asc. Diam. Ascending Aorta Diameter
Ao. Desc.
Descending Aorta Diameter
Diam.
Ao. Isthmus Aorta Isthmus Diameter
Ao. ST Junct. Aorta ST Junction Diameter
Ao. Sinus Diam. Aorta Sinus Diameter
LVOT Diam.
Diameter
ACS Aortic Valve Cusp Separation
LPA Diam. Left Pulmonary Artery Diameter
RPA Diam. Right Pulmonary Artery Diameter
MPA Diam. Main Pulmonary Artery Diameter
RVOT Diam.
Diameter
Amplitude of the Mitral Valve E
MV E Amp.
wave
Cardiology 6-5
Amplitude of the Mitral Valve A
MV A Amp.
wave
MV E-F Slope Mitral Valve E-F slope Slope in M General
MV D-E Slope Mitral Valve D-E slope Measurements
Amplitude of the Mitral Valve DE

MV D-E Amp
wave
MCS Mitral Valve Cusp Separation
Distance in M General
Distance between point E and the
MV EPSS Measurements
interventricular septum
PEd Pericardial Effusion at diastole
PEs Pericardial Effusion at systole
LVPEP Left Ventricular pre-ejection period
LVET Left Ventricular Ejection Time
Time in M General
Right Ventricular Pre-Ejection Measurements
RVPEP
Period
RVET Right Ventricular Ejection Time
HR Heart Rate
Measurements
Diastole
Measurement
Parallel method in M mode
Systole
Measurement
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Distance in M General
TAPSE
Excursion Measurements
Left Atrium Diameter/Aorta LA Diam. (cm)/Ao. Diam.
Calculation LA/Ao.
Diameter (cm)
Study See below
6.3.3 Doppler Cardiac Measurements

MV Vmax Mitral Valve Maximum Velocity
D Vel. in Doppler General
MV E Vel. Mitral Valve E-wave Velocity
Measurements
MV A Vel. Mitral Valve A-wave Velocity
Mitral Valve E-wave Velocity-
Measurement MV E VTI
Time Integral
Mitral Valve A-wave Velocity- D Trace in Doppler General
MV A VTI
Time Integral Measurements
Mitral Valve Velocity-Time
MV VTI
Integral
6-6 Cardiology
MV AccT Mitral Valve Acceleration Time Acceleration in Doppler
MV DecT Mitral Valve Deceleration Time General Measurements
Mitral Valve Isovolumic

IVRT
Relaxation Time
Mitral Valve Isovolumic Time in Doppler General
IVCT
Contraction Time Measurements
MV E Dur. Mitral Valve E-wave Duration
MV A Dur. Mitral Valve A-wave Duration
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract D Vel. in Doppler General
LVOT Vmax
Maximum Velocity Measurements
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract D Trace in Doppler General
LVOT VTI
Velocity-Time Integral measurements
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Acceleration in Doppler
LVOT AccT
Acceleration Time General Measurements
Ascending Aorta Maximum
AAo Vmax
Velocity
Descending Aorta Maximum
DAo Vmax Measurements
Velocity
AV Vmax Aorta Valve Maximum Velocity
Aorta Valve Velocity-Time D Trace in Doppler General
AV VTI
Integral measurements
Left Ventricular Pre-Ejection
LVPEP
Period
LVET Left Ventricular Ejection Time Time in Doppler General
Measurements
AV AccT Aorta Valve Acceleration Time
AV DecT Aorta Valve Deceleration Time
Measurement Right Ventricular Ejection
RVET
Time Time in Doppler General
Right Ventricular Pre-Ejection Measurements
RVPEP
Period
Tricuspid Valve Maximum
TV Vmax
Velocity
Tricuspid Valve E-wave Flow D Vel. in Doppler General
TV E Vel.
Velocity Measurements
Tricuspid Valve A-wave Flow
TV A Vel.
Velocity
Tricuspid Valve Velocity-Time D Trace in Doppler General
TV VTI
Integral measurements
Tricuspid Valve Acceleration
TV AccT
Time Acceleration in Doppler
Tricuspid Valve Deceleration General Measurements
TV DecT
Time
Cardiology 6-7
Tricuspid Valve A-wave Time in Doppler General
TV A Dur.
Duration Measurements
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract D Vel. in Doppler General
RVOT Vmax
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract D Trace in Doppler General
RVOT VTI
Pulmonary Valve Maximum D Vel. in Doppler General
PV Vmax
Pulmonary Valve Velocity- D Trace in Doppler General
PV VTI
Time Integral measurements
Pulmonary Valve Acceleration Acceleration in Doppler
PV AccT
Time General Measurements
Main Pulmonary Artery
MPA Vmax
Maximum Velocity
Right Pulmonary Artery D Vel. in Doppler General
RPA Vmax
Left Pulmonary Artery
LPA Vmax
Maximum Velocity
Pulmonary Vein S-wave Flow
PVein S Vel.
Velocity
Pulmonary Vein D-wave Flow D Vel. in Doppler General
PVein D Vel.
Pulmonary Vein A-wave Flow
PVein A Vel.
Velocity
Pulmonary Vein A-wave Time in Doppler General
PVein A Dur.
Duration Measurements
Pulmonary Vein S-wave
PVein S VTI
Velocity-time Integral D Trace in Doppler General
Pulmonary Vein D-wave measurements
PVein D VTI
Velocity-time Integral
Pulmonary Vein Deceleration Time in Doppler General
PVein DecT
Time Measurements
Inferior Vena Cava Inspiration
IVC Vel. (Insp.)
Maximum Velocity
Inferior Vena Cava Expiration
IVC Vel. (Expir.)
Maximum Velocity
Superior Vena Cava D Vel. in Doppler General
SVC Vel. (Insp.)
Inspiration Maximum Velocity Measurements
Superior Vena Cava
SVC Vel. (Expir.)
Expiration Maximum Velocity
Mitral Valve Regurgitation
MR Vmax
Maximum Velocity
Mitral Valve Regurgitation D Trace in Doppler General
MR VTI
6-8 Cardiology
Mitral Valve Stenosis D Vel. in Doppler General
MS Vmax
dP/dt Rate of Pressure change dP/dt Measurement
Aortic Valve Regurgitation D Vel. in Doppler General
AR Vmax
Aortic Valve Regurgitation D Trace in Doppler General
AR VTI
Aortic Valve Regurgitation Acceleration in Doppler
AR DecT
Deceleration Time General Measurements
Aortic Valve Regurgitation
AR PHT Doppler Measurement
Pressure Half Time
AR Ved
Velocity at end-Diastole D Vel. in Doppler General
Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation Measurements
TR Vmax
Maximum Velocity
Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation D Trace in Doppler General
TR VTI
Pulmonary Valve
PR Vmax Regurgitation Maximum
Measurements
Velocity
Pulmonary Valve
D Trace in Doppler General
PR VTI Regurgitation Velocity-Time
measurements
Integral
Pulmonary Valve
PR PHT Regurgitation Pressure Half Doppler Measurement
Time
Pulmonary Valve
PR Ved Regurgitation Velocity at end-
Diastole
Ventricular Septal Defect
VSD Vmax
Maximum Velocity
Atrial Septal Defect Maximum
ASD Vmax
Velocity D Vel. in Doppler General
Measurements
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
PDA Vel(d)
Velocity at End-diastole
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
PDA Vel(s)
Velocity at End-systole
Coarc. Pre-Duct. Coarctation of Pre-Ductus
Coarc. Post-Duct. Coarctation of Post-Ductus
HR Heart Rate
Select from the pop-up
dialog box or enter a value
RAP Right Atrium Pressure
manually. See RAP
measurement in “RVSP”
Cardiology 6-9
Hepatic Vein Systolic Peak
Hepatic V S Vel.
Velocity D Vel. in Doppler General
Hepatic Vein Diastolic Peak Measurements
Hepatic V D Vel.
Velocity
MV E Vel. (cm/s)/MV A Vel.
MV E/A Mitral Valve E-Vel./A-Vel.
(cm/s)
Mitral Valve Orifice Area MVA(PHT) (cm2) = 220 /
MVA(PHT)
(PHT) MV PHT (ms)
Calculation
TV E/A=TV E Vel(cm/s)/TV
TV E/A Tricuspid Valve E-Vel./A-Vel.
A Vel(cm/s)
Tricuspid Valve Orifice Area TVA(PHT)=220/TV
TVA(PHT)
(PHT) PHT(cm 2)
Study See below / /
6.3.4 TDI Cardiac Measurements

The following measurement items are performed in TDI mode.
Mitral Valve medial Late
MV Aa(medial)
diastolic motion
Mitral Valve medial Systolic D Vel. in Doppler General
MV Sa(medial)
motion Measurements
Mitral Valve lateral Late D Vel. in Doppler General
MV Aa(lateral) Measurements
diastolic motion
Mitral Valve lateral Systolic
MV Sa(lateral)
motion
MV Mitral Valve medial
ARa(medial) Acceleration Rate
Measurement MV Mitral Valve medial
DRa(medial) Deceleration Rate Acceleration in Doppler General
MV Mitral Valve lateral Measurements
ARa(lateral) Acceleration Rate
MV Mitral Valve lateral
DRa(lateral) Deceleration Rate
Measure MV E Vel item to get
E/Ea result.
Mitral Valve lateral Early
MV Ea(lateral) D Vel. in Doppler General
diastolic motion
Measurements
*1
6-10 Cardiology
Measure MV E Vel item to get
E/Ea result.
Mitral Valve medial Early
Measurement MV Ea(medial) D Vel. in Doppler General
diastolic motion
Measurements
*2
Calculation / / /
Study See below / /
*1 means:
MV E Vel(cm / s )
E / Ea(lateral )( Nounit )＝
Ea(lateral )(cm / s )
*2 means:
MV E Vel(cm / s )
E / Ea(medial + lateral )( Nounit )＝
(Ea(medial )(cm / s) + Ea(lateral )(cm / s) ) 2
6.4 Cardiac Measurement Operations

Tip: 1. See the table in “6.3 Cardiac Measurement Tools” above for measurement tools and
methods.
4. A measurement tool can be activated by clicking the item in the measurement
menuor on the touch screen. It is described as “Select/Click ... in the measurement
5. The measurements of some tools described in this chapter are to be performed in
several imaging modes. Select the appropriate imaging mode before measurement.
Cardiology 6-11
1. Select the item/tool in the measurement menu or the touch screen.

1. Select the item/tool in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. The system calculates and displays the results after the measurement items have been
completed.

6.4.3.1 Left Ventricular Function
This group of studies estimates the Left Ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic capabilities using a
series of clinical indices measured on the B or M image. As well as calculating the left ventricular
volume and end diastole and end systole, they may calculate the following indices (not all indices
are calculated in every study, see the Study Results table for each study for reference).
Results Descriptions Formulae
SV Stroke Volume SV(ml) = EDV(ml)-ESV(ml)
CO Cardiac Output CO(l/min) = SV(ml)×HR(bpm)/1000
EF Ejection Fraction EF(No unit) = SV(ml)/EDV(ml)
SI SV Index SI(No unit) = SV(ml)/ Body Surface Area (m 2)
Cardiac output
CI CI(No unit) = CO(l/min)/Body Surface Area (m 2)
index
Fractional
FS FS (No unit) = (LVIDd (cm) – LVIDs [cm]) / LVIDd (cm)
Shortening
Mean Velocity of
MVCF Circumferential MVCF = (LVIDd(cm) – LVIDs(cm)) / (LVIDd (cm) × ET (s))
Fiber Shortening
NOTE: The HR value entered manually should be within the range 1~999.
S-P Ellipse
 Study Items
Tools Descriptions Operations
Left Ventricular Long-axis Length at End- Distance in 2D General
LVLd apical
diastole in apical view Measurements
Left Ventricular Long-axis Area at End- Area in 2D General
LVAd apical
LVLs apical
systole in apical view Measurements
Left Ventricular Long-axis Area at end- Area in 2D General
LVAs apical
systole in apical view Measurements
6-12 Cardiology
Obtained by ECG or entered
HR Heart Rate
directly
 Study Results
Tools Descriptions Formulae
End-diastolic Left 8 LVAd apical(cm 2 ) 2

EDV(SP Ellipse)
Ventricular Volume
EDV(SP Ellipse)(ml )＝ ×
3π LVLd apical(cm)
End-systolic Left 8 LVAs apical(cm 2 ) 2

ESV(SP Ellipse)
Ventricular Volume
ESV(SP Ellipse)(ml )＝ ×
3π LVLs apical(cm)
End-diastolic Left
EDV Index(SP
Ventricular Volume EDV Index=EDV/BSA
Ellipse)
Index
End-systolic Left
ESV Index(SP
Ventricular Volume ESV Index=ESV/BSA
Ellipse)
Index
SV(SP Ellipse) Stroke Volume
CO(SP Ellipse) Cardiac Output
EF(SP Ellipse) Ejection Fraction See table in “6.4.3.1 Left Ventricular Function”
SI(SP Ellipse) SV Index
CI(SP Ellipse) CO Index
 Operating Procedures
1. Select [S-P Ellipse] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. In apical long-axis view at end-diastole, measure the following parameters:
LVLd apical
LVAd apical
The EDV value is then calculated.
3. In apical long-axis view at end-systole, measure the following parameters:
LVLs apical
LVAs apical
The ESV value is then calculated.
The system calculates the SV and EF.
If the height and weight have already been entered, the SI, EDV Index and ESV Index are
calculated.
4. Use the menu to select the HR source: ECG or entered.
The CO and CI are calculated automatically using the entered height and weight values.
Cardiology 6-13
B-P Ellipse
 Study Items
LVIDd Left Ventricular Internal Diameter at End-diastole Distance in 2D General
LVIDs Left Ventricular Internal Diameter at End-systole Measurements
Left Ventricular Area at Mitral Valve level at End-

LVAd sax MV
LVAs sax MV
systole in Short-axis view Area in 2D General
Left Ventricular Long-axis Area at End-diastole in Measurements
LVAd apical
apical view
Left Ventricular Long-axis Area at end-systole in
LVAs apical
apical view
Obtained by ECG, or entered
HR Heart Rate
directly
 Study Results
End-diastolic Left
EDV(BP Ellipse) *1
Ventricular Volume
ESV(BP Ellipse) *2
Volume
End-diastolic Left
EDV Index(BP Ellipse) EDV Index=EDV/BSA
Ventricular Volume Index
ESV Index(BP Ellipse) ESV Index=ESV/BSA
Volume Index
SV(BP Ellipse) Stroke Volume
CO(BP Ellipse) Cardiac Output
See table in “6.4.3.1 Left Ventricular
EF(BP Ellipse) Ejection Fraction
Function”
SI(BP Ellipse) SV Index
CI(BP Ellipse) CO Index
*1 means:
EDV(BP Ellipse)( ml )＝ 8 × LVAd apical( cm 2 ) × LVAd sax MV( cm 2 ) LVIDd ( cm )

3π
*2 means:
ESV(BP Ellipse)( ml )＝ 8 × LVAs apical( cm 2 ) × LVAs sax MV( cm 2 ) LVIDs( cm )

3π
1. Select [B-P Ellipse] in the menu or the touch screen.
2. In left ventricular short-axis view, measure the following parameters:
At end diastole: LVIDd
At end systole: LVIDs
3. In short-axis view at mitral valve level, measure the following parameters:
6-14 Cardiology
At end diastole: LVAd sax MV
At end systole: LVAs sax MV
4. In apical long-axis view, measure the following parameters:
LVAd apical, the EDV is calculated
LVAs apical, the ESV is calculated
The system calculates the SV and EF after the LVAs apical has been measured.
calculated.
Bullet
 Study Items
Left Ventricular Long-axis Length at End-
LVLd apical
diastole in apical view Distance in 2D General
Left Ventricular Long-axis Length at End- Measurements
LVLs apical
systole in apical view
Left Ventricular Area at Mitral Valve level at
LVAd sax MV
End-diastole in Short-axis view Area in 2D General
Left Ventricular Area at Mitral Valve level at Measurements
LVAs sax MV
End-systole in Short-axis view
Obtained by ECG or entered
HR Heart Rate
directly
 Study Results
End-diastolic Left
EDV(Bullet) EDV(ml) = 5/6×LVLd apical(cm)×LVAd sax MV(cm2)
Ventricular Volume
End-systolic Left
ESV(Bullet) ESV(ml) = 5/6×LVLs apical(cm)×LVAs sax MV(cm2)
Ventricular Volume
End-diastolic Left
EDV Index(Bullet) Ventricular Volume EDV Index=EDV/BSA
Index
End-systolic Left
ESV Index(Bullet) Ventricular Volume ESV Index=ESV/BSA
Index
SV(Bullet) Stroke Volume
CO(Bullet) Cardiac Output
EF(Bullet) Ejection Fraction See table in “6.4.3.1 Left Ventricular Function”
SI(Bullet) SV Index
CI(Bullet) CO Index
Cardiology 6-15
1. Select [Bullet] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
In apical long-axis view, measure the following parameters:
At end diastole: LVLd apical
At end systole: LVLs apical.
At end diastole: LVAd sax MV, the EDV is calculated
At end systole: LVAs sax MV, the ESV is calculated
The system calculates the SV and EF. If the height and weight have already been entered, the
SI, EDV Index and ESV Index are calculated.
Mod.Simpson
 Study Items
Left Ventricular Long-axis Length at End-diastole in
LVLd apical
apical view Distance in 2D General
Left Ventricular Long-axis Length at End-systole in Measurements
LVLs apical
apical view
LVAd sax MV
LVAs sax MV
systole in Short-axis view Area in 2D General
Left Ventricular Area at Papillary Muscle level at Measurements
LVAd sax PM
end-diastole in short axis view
Left Ventricular Area at Papillary Muscle level at
LVAs sax PM
end-systole in short axis view
Obtained by ECG or
HR Heart Rate
entered directly
6-16 Cardiology
 Study Results
EDV(Mod.Simpson) End-diastolic Left Ventricular Volume *1
ESV(Mod.Simpson) End-systolic Left Ventricular Volume *2
EDV End-diastolic Left Ventricular Volume
EDV Index=EDV/BSA
Index(Mod.Simpson) Index
ESV End-systolic Left Ventricular Volume
ESV Index=ESV/BSA
Index(Mod.Simpson) Index
SV(Mod.Simpson) Stroke Volume
CO(Mod.Simpson) Cardiac Output
See table in “6.4.3.1 Left
EF(Mod.Simpson) Ejection Fraction
Ventricular Function”
SI(Mod.Simpson) SV Index
CI(Mod.Simpson) CO Index
*1 means:
LVLd apical [ cm ]  4 × LVAd sax MV[ cm ] + 2 × LVAd 
2
EDV [ mL ] = × 
9  sax PM [ cm 2
] + LVAd sax MV [ cm 2
] × LVAd sax PM [ cm 2
] 
 
*2 means:
LVLsapical [ cm ]  4 × LVAssax MV [ cm ] + 2 × LVAs 
2
ESV [ mL ] = × 
9  sax PM [ cm 2
] + LVAssax MV [ cm 2
] × LVAssax PM [ cm 2
] 
 
1. Select [Mod.Simpson] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. In apical long-axis view, measure the following parameters:
At end diastole: LVLd apical
At end systole: LVLs apical
At end diastole: LVAd sax MV
At end systole: LVAs sax MV
4. In short-axis view at papillary muscle level, measure the following parameters:
At end diastole: LVAd sax PM, the EDV is calculated
At end systole: LVAs sax PM, the ESV is calculated
The system calculates the SV and EF.
calculated.
Simpson SP
This method includes two studies: Simp SP(A4C) and Simp SP(A2C).
Cardiology 6-17
 Study Items
End-diastolic Left Ventricular Volume
EDV(A2C/A4C)
(apical 2-chamber/ 4-chamber) Simpson measurement (Trace/
End-systolic Left Ventricular Volume Spline/ Auto)
ESV(A2C/A4C)
(apical 2-chamber/ 4-chamber)
HR Heart Rate Obtained by ECG or input directly
 Study Results
LVLd apical(cm) 20 2
EDV(ml )＝ π × × ∑ ri (cm)
20 i =1
End-diastolic Left LVLd apical: Left Ventricular Long-axis Length at

EDV(Simp SP)
Ventricular Volume End-diastole in apical view, i.e. the long-axis
length obtained in measurement.
ri : Radiuses obtained from diastolic measurement
LVLs apical(cm) 20 2
ESV (ml )＝ π × × ∑ ri (cm)
20 i =1
End-systolic Left LVLs apical: Left Ventricular Long-axis Length at

ESV(Simp SP)
Ventricular Volume End-systole in apical view, i.e. the long-axis length
obtained in measurement.
ri : Radiuses obtained from systolic measurement
End-diastolic Left
EDV Index
Ventricular Volume EDV Index=EDV/BSA
(A2C/A4C)
Index (A2C/A4C)
End-systolic Left
ESV Index
Ventricular Volume ESV Index=ESV/BSA
(A2C/A4C)
Index (A2C/A4C)
SV Stroke Volume
CO Cardiac Output
EF Ejection Fraction See table in “6.4.3.1 Left Ventricular Function”
SI SV Index
CI CO Index
1. Select [Simp SP] in the measurement menu.
2. Measure the endocardium.
Measure the left ventricular endocardium at end-diastolic, and set the long axis, the EDV is
obtained;
Measure the left ventricular endocardium at end-systolic, and set the long axis, the ESV is
obtained;
The system calculates SV and EF;
If height and weight have been input already, SI, EDV Index and ESV Index are calculated.
3. Obtain HR (heart rate) from ECG or input directly.
6-18 Cardiology
The CO and CI are calculated automatically.
 Measurement Methods
The endocardium can be measured using the following methods.
 Trace
Trace the endocardium along the edge of the target area using the method similar to the
“Trace” method in 2D Area measurements; and then set the long axis.
 Spline
Set reference points (up to 12) along the edge of the endocardium using the method
similar to the “Spline” method in 2D Area measurements; and then set the long axis.
 Auto
(1) Set point A and B using the trackball and <Set> key, where in,
 A: Left ventricular interventricular septal and mitral valve junction;
 B: Left ventricular wall and mitral valve junction;
(2) After setting A and B, the cursor positions automatically at point D where is considered as
the apical part by system detecting, also the long axis (line segment CD) and the line that
traces the endocardium are displayed at the same time. Where in,
 C: Midpoint of A and B.
 D: Apical part of left ventricle.
You can:
 Adjust the long axis
a) Rotate the trackball to position the cursor on the long axis (which turns yellow), and
then press <Set>;
b) Rotate the trackball, adjust the point D (with point C unchanged) after the cursor
changes to .
 Adjust the trace line
a) Rotate the trackball to position the cursor on the trace line (which turns yellow), and
then press <Set>;
b) Rotate the trackball, move the cursor along the endocardium edge to adjust the line
after the cursor changes to (with ABD points unchanged).
D
A C B
c) Press <Set> outside the line to confirm the adjustment.
Simpson BP
 Study Items
End-diastolic Left Ventricular Simpson measurement (Trace/ Spline)
EDV(A2C)
Volume (apical 2-chamber) See “Simpson SP” for endocardium
Cardiology 6-19
End-systolic Left Ventricular measurement
ESV(A2C)
Volume (apical 2-chamber)
EDV(A4C)
ESV(A4C)
HR Heart Rate Obtained by ECG or input directly
 Study Results
EDV(Simpson BP) End-diastolic Left Ventricular Volume *1
ESV(Simpson BP) End-systolic Left Ventricular Volume *2
EDV Index
End-diastolic Left Ventricular Volume EDV Index=EDV/BSA
(Simpson BP)
ESV Index
End-systolic Left Ventricular Volume ESV Index=ESV/BSA
(Simpson BP)
SV(Simpson BP) Stroke Volume
CO(Simpson BP) Cardiac Output
See table in “6.4.3.1 Left
EF(Simpson BP) Ejection Fraction
SI(Simpson BP) SV Index
CI(Simpson BP) CO Index
*1 means:
MAX {LVLd 2i ( cm ), LVLd 4i( cm )}
20
20 ∑
EDV( ml )＝π × × ( r2i ( cm ) × r4i ( cm ))
i =1
*2 means:
MAX {LVLs2i ( cm ), LVLs 4i ( cm )}
20
20 ∑
ESV( ml )＝π × × ( r2i ( cm ) × r4i ( cm ))
i =1
Calculate the LV volume on the apical 2-chamber view image:

20
LVLd 2 i (cm)
× ∑ r2 i (cm)
2
EDV 2( ml )＝ π ×
20 i =1
20
LVLs2 i ( cm )
× ∑ r2 i ( cm )
2
ESV2( ml )＝π ×
20 i =1
Calculate the LV volume on the apical 4-chamber view image:

20
LVLd 4 i ( cm )
× ∑ r4 i ( cm )
2
EDV 4( ml )＝π ×
20 i =1
20
LVLs4 i ( cm )
× ∑ r4 i ( cm )
2
ESV4( ml )＝π ×
20 i =1
Where,
LVLd 2i – Left ventricular long-axis length at end diastole at apical two-chamber view, which is
the long-axis length obtained by EDV(A2C) measurement
6-20 Cardiology
LVLd 4i – Left ventricular long-axis length at end diastole at apical four-chamber view, which is
the long-axis length obtained by EDV(A4C) measurement
LVLs2i – Left ventricular long-axis length at end systole at apical two-chamber view, which is
the long-axis length obtained by ESV(A2C) measurement
LVLs4i – Left ventricular long-axis length at end systole at apical four-chamber view, which is
the long-axis length obtained by ESV(A4C) measurement
r2i – Radiuses obtained by EDV(A2C) or ESV(A2C) at apical two-chamber view
r4i – Radiuses obtained by EDV(A4C) or ESV(A4C) at apical four-chamber view
CAUTION: When using Simpson BP to measure LV function, be sure to keep

the apical four-chamber view and apical two-chamber view
perpendicular. Otherwise the measurement result will be incorrect.
1. Select [Simpson BP] in the measurement menu.
2. In apical two-chamber view, measure the following parameters:
Left ventricular endocardium at end-diastolic, and set the long axis, the EDV(A2C) is obtained;
Left ventricular endocardium at end-systolic, and set the long axis, the ESV(A2C) is obtained;
3. In apical four-chamber view, measure the following parameters:
Left ventricular endocardium at end-diastolic, and set the long axis, the EDV(A4C) is obtained;
Left ventricular endocardium at end-systolic, and set the long axis, the ESV(A4C) is obtained;
If height and weight have been input already, SV, EF, SI, EDV Index and ESV Index are
calculated.
4. Obtain HR (heart rate) from ECG or input directly.
The CO and CI are calculated automatically.
Cube
 Study Items
Diastole
End-systolic Left Ventricular Parallel method in M mode
Systole
Measurement
Left Ventricular Internal Diameter at
LVIDd
End-diastole Distance in 2D/M General
Left Ventricular Internal Diameter at Measurements
LVIDs
End-systole
Measure in M mode, obtain by ECG or
HR Heart Rate
input directly
 Study Results
Interventricular Septal Thickness at End-
IVSd
diastole Distance in 2D/M General
Left Ventricular Internal Diameter at End- Measurements
LVIDd
diastole
Cardiology 6-21
Left Ventricular Posterior Wall Thickness at
LVPWd
End-diastole
Interventricular Septal Thickness at End-
IVSs
systole
Left Ventricular Internal Diameter at End-
LVIDs
systole
Left Ventricular Posterior Wall Thickness at
LVPWs
End-systole
EDV(Cube) End-diastolic Left Ventricular Volume EDV(ml)= LVIDd(cm)3
ESV(Cube) End-systolic Left Ventricular Volume ESV(ml)= LVIDs(cm)3
EDV Index
End-diastolic Left Ventricular Volume EDV Index=EDV/BSA
(Cube)
ESV Index
End-systolic Left Ventricular Volume ESV Index=ESV/BSA
(Cube)
SV(Cube) Stroke Volume
CO(Cube) Cardiac Output
EF(Cube) Ejection Fraction
FS(Cube) Fractional Shortening See table in “6.4.3.1 Left
Mean Velocity of Circumferential Fiber
MVCF(Cube)
Shortening
SI(Cube) SV Index
CI(Cube) CO Index
1. Select [Cube] in the measurement menu.
2. Measure Diastole in 2D or M mode.
The IVSd, LVIDd. LVPWd and EDV are obtained.
3. Measure Systole in 2D or M mode.
IVSs, LVSs, LVIDs, LVPWs and ESV are obtained.
The system calculates SV, EF and FS;
4. Measure HR in M mode, obtain from ECG or input directly.
If height and weight have been input already, SI, CO, CI, EDV Index and ESV Indexare
calculated.
MVCF is calculated if LVET is measured.
In [Preset]-> [System Preset]-> [Application] screen, you can set the method for
Cube/Teichholz/Gibson study.
Teichholz
 Study Items
Diastole FoldLine in 2D mode
Measurement
6-22 Cardiology
Systole
Measurement
LVIDd
at End-diastole Distance in 2D/M General
Left Ventricular Internal Diameter Measurements
LVIDs
at End-systole
HR Heart Rate
input directly
 Study Results
IVSd
at End-diastole
LVIDd
at End-diastole
Left Ventricular Posterior Wall
LVPWd
Thickness at End-diastole Distance in 2D/M General
Interventricular Septal Thickness Measurements
IVSs
at End-systole
LVIDs
at End-systole
Left Ventricular Posterior Wall
LVPWs
End-diastolic Left Ventricular EDV(ml)=(7×(LVIDd(cm))3)/(2.4+LVIDd
EDV(Teichholz)
Volume (cm))
End-systolic Left Ventricular ESV(ml)=(7×(LVIDs(cm))3)/(2.4+LVIDs(
ESV(Teichholz)
Volume cm))
EDV Index End-diastolic Left Ventricular
EDV Index=EDV/BSA
(Teichholz) Volume
ESV Index End-systolic Left Ventricular
ESV Index=ESV/BSA
(Teichholz) Volume
SV(Teichholz) Stroke Volume
CO(Teichholz) Cardiac Output
EF(Teichholz) Ejection Fraction
FS(Teichholz) Fractional Shortening See table in “6.4.3.1 Left Ventricular
Function”
Mean Velocity of Circumferential
MVCF(Teichholz)
Fiber Shortening
SI(Teichholz) SV Index
CI(Teichholz) CO Index
See table above for methods and formulae of the measurement items.
See section "Cube" for measurement procedures.
Cardiology 6-23
In [Preset]-> [System Preset]-> [Application] screen, you can set the method for
Cube/Teichholz/Gibson study.
Gibson
 Study Items
Diastole
Systole
Measurement
LVIDd
at End-diastole Distance in 2D/M General
Left Ventricular Internal Diameter Measurements
LVIDs
at End-systole
HR Heart Rate
input directly
 Study Results
IVSd
Thickness at End-diastole
LVIDd
Left Ventricular Posterior
LVPWd Wall Thickness at End-
diastole
Distance in 2D/M General Measurements
IVSs
LVIDs
Left Ventricular Posterior
LVPWs Wall Thickness at End-
systole
End-diastolic Left EDV( ml )＝π × (0.98 × LVIDd ( cm ) + 5.90) × LVIDd ( cm ) 2
EDV(Gibson) 6
Ventricular Volume
End-systolic Left ESV( ml )＝π × (1.14 × LVIDs( cm ) + 4.18) × LVIDs( cm ) 2
ESV(Gibson) 6
Ventricular Volume
EDV Index End-diastolic Left
EDV Index=EDV/BSA
(Gibson) Ventricular Volume
ESV Index End-systolic Left
ESV Index=ESV/BSA
(Gibson) Ventricular Volume
SV(Gibson) Stroke Volume
CO(Gibson) Cardiac Output
See table in “6.4.3.1 Left Ventricular Function”
EF(Gibson) Ejection Fraction
SI(Gibson) SV Index
6-24 Cardiology
CI(Gibson) CO Index
Mean Velocity of
MVCF(Gibson) Circumferential Fiber
Shortening
FS(Gibson) Fractional Shortening
See table above for methods and formulae of the measurement items.
See section "Cube" for measurement procedures.
6.4.3.2 Left Ventricular Mass (LV Mass)

Estimates the Index of Left Ventricular Mass (LV Mass-I) by calculating the LV Mass.
LV MASS-I (No unit) = LV Mass (g) / Body Surface Area (m 2)
LV Mass (Cube)
 Study Items
IVSd Interventricular Septal Thickness at End-diastole
Distance in 2D/M
LVIDd Left Ventricular Internal Diameter at End-diastole General
Measurements
LVPWd Left Ventricular Posterior Wall Thickness at End-diastole
 Study Results
LV Mass (g) = 1.04 × ((LVPWd(cm) + IVSd(cm) +
LV Mass (Cube) Left Ventricular Mass
LVIDd(cm))3 - LVIDd(cm)3) - 13.6
Index of Left See the LV Mass-I formula in “Left Ventricular Mass
LV MASS-I (Cube)
Ventricular Mass (LV Mass)”
1. Select [LV Mass (Cube)] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. At end diastole, measure the following parameters:
IVSd
LVIDd
LVPWd
The LV Mass (Cube) is calculated.
If the height and weight have already been entered, the LV Mass-I(Cube) is calculated.
LV Mass (A-L)
 Study Items
Left Ventricular Epicardial Area at Papillary Area in 2D General
LVAd sax Epi
Muscle level at end-diastole in Short-axis view Measurements
Cardiology 6-25
Left Ventricular Endocardial Area at Papillary
LVAd sax Endo
Muscle level at end-diastole in Short-axis view
LVLd apical
 Study Results
LV Mass (A-L) Left Ventricular Mass *1
LV MASS-I (A-L)
*1 means:
LV Mass(g) = 1.05 × 5/6 × ( LVAd sax Epi(cm 2 ) × (LVLd apical(cm) + t(cm))
- LVAd sax Endo (cm 2 ) × LVL(cm))
Where
t (cm) = (LVAd sax Epi(cm 2 ) /π ) - (LVAd Sax Endo(cm 2 )/π )
1. Select [LV Mass (A-L)] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. In long-axis view at end diastole, measure the LVLd apical.
3. In short-axis view at papillary muscle level at end diastole, measure the following parameters:
Endocardium area: LVAd sax Endo
Epicardium area: LVAd sax Epi
The LV Mass (A-L) is calculated.
If the height and weight have already been entered, the LV Mass-I(A-L) is calculated.
LV Mass (T-E)
 Study Items
Left Ventricular Epicardial Area at Papillary
LVAd sax Epi
Muscle level at end-diastole in Short-axis view Area in 2D General
Left Ventricular Endocardial Area at Papillary Measurements
LVAd sax Endo
Muscle level at end-diastole in Short-axis view
Semi-major axis from widest minor axis radius
a
to apex Distance in 2D General
Truncated semi-major axis from widest minor Measurements
d
axis radius to mitral annulus plane
 Study Results
Except for the values in the upper table, the following results can be obtained in this study:
LV Mass (T-E) Left Ventricular Mass *1
6-26 Cardiology
LV MASS-I (T-E)
*1 means:
2(a + t) d3 2a d3
LV Mass(g) = 1.05π × {(b + t) 2 × [ +d- 2
] - b 2 × ( + d - 2 )}
3 3(a + t) 3 3a
Where units of a, b, d, t are cm.
a: Semi-major axis from widest minor axis radius to apex
d: Truncated semi-major axis from widest minor axis radius to mitral annulus plane
t: Thickness of the myocardium
t (cm) = (LVAd sax Epi(cm 2 ) /π ) - (LVAd Sax Endo(cm 2 )/π )

b: Short axis radius, usually measured where the radius is largest.
b(cm) = (LVAd Sax Endo(cm 2 )/π )

1. Select [LV Mass(T-E)] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. In short-axis view at papillary muscle level at end diastole, measure the following parameters:
Endocardium area: LVAd sax Endo
Epicardium area LVAd sax Epi
3. Measure a and d.
The LV Mass(T-E) is calculated.
If the height and weight have already been entered, the LV Mass-I(T-E) is calculated.
6.4.3.3 Mitral Valve Area (MVA)

The Mitral Valve Area (MVA) can be calculated using two methods: pressure half time (PHT) or
velocity-time integral (VTI).
Tip: The MVA Calculation by PHT method should be performed in CW mode. See MVA(PHT)
in “6.3.3 Doppler Cardiac Measurement” for the formula for MVA calculated using the
PHT method.
MVA(VTI)
 Study Items
LVOT Diam. Distance in 2D General Measurements
Diameter
LVOT VTI
Velocity-Time Integral D trace in General D measurements
MV VTI Mitral Valve Velocity-Time Integral
 Study Results
Cardiology 6-27
2 π × LVOT VTI(cm) × LVOT Diam(cm 2 ) 2

MVA(VTI) Mitral Valve Area MVA(VTI)(cm ) =
4 × MV VTI(cm)
See the table above for methods and formulae for the measurement items.
6.4.3.4 AVA(VTI)
The Aortic Valve Area (AVA) can be calculated by velocity-time integral (VTI). The measurements
should be performed on 2D and Doppler images
 Study Items
LVOT Diam. Distance in 2D General Measurements
Diameter
LVOT VTI
Velocity-Time Integral D trace in General D measurements
AV VTI Aortic Valve Velocity-Time Integral
 Study Results
π × LVOT VTI(cm) × LVOT Diam(cm2 ) 2

AVA(VTI) Aortic Valve Area AVA(VTI)(cm 2 ) =
4 × AV VTI(cm)
6.4.3.5 LA Vol.
LA Vol. (Left Atrium Volume) used to estimate the size of the left atrium.
LA Vol.(A-L)
Estimates the Left Atrium Volume using area and length.
 Study Items
LA apical Left Atrium Diameter
Measurements
LAA(A2C) Left Atrium Area at apical 2-chamber view
Area in 2D General Measurements
LAA(A4C) Left Atrium Area at apical 4-chamber view
 Study Results
6-28 Cardiology
LA Left Atrium 8
LA Vol(A - L)(ml) = LAA(A4C)(cm 2 ) × LAA(A2C)(cm 2 ) LA apical(cm)
Vol.(A-L) Area 3π
LA Vol.
Left Atrium
Index LA Vol. Index = LA Vol./BSA
Area
(A-L)
LA Vol. (Simp)
Estimates the left atrium volume using the Simpson method. Performed at apical two-chamber
view and apical four-chamber view.
 Study Items and Results
LA Vol.(A2C) Left Atrium Volume at apical 2-chamber view Same as the Simpson SP
LA Vol.(A4C) Left Atrium Volume at apical 4-chamber view measurement
LA Vol. Index
Left Atrium Volume Index LA Vol. Index = LA Vol./BSA
(A2C/A4C)
See “Simpson SP” for measurement procedures.
6.4.3.6 LVIMP (LV TEI)

The LVIMP (Left Ventricular Index of Myocardial Performance) is used to analyze the integrative
ventricular diastolic and systolic capabilities.
 Study Items
Mitral Valve Close-Open
MV C-O Dur.
Duration Time in M/Doppler General Measurements
LVET Left Ventricular Ejection Time
 Study Results
Left Ventricular Index of MV C - O dur(s) - LVET(s)

LVIMP LVIMP(Nounit) =
Myocardial Performance LVET(s)
6.4.3.7 RVSP
The RVSP measures the right ventricular systolic pressure.
Cardiology 6-29
 Study Items
Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation
TR Vmax D Vel. in Doppler General Measurements
Maximum Velocity
RAP Right Atrium Pressure See below
 Study Results
Tricuspid Valve
TR PGmax Regurgitation Pressure TR PGmax (mmHg) = 4 × TR Vmax (m/s)2
Gradient
Right Ventricular Systolic
RVSP RVSP(mmHg) = RAP(mmHg ) + 4 × (TR V max(m / s )) 2
Pressure
1. Select [RVSP] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Measure the TR Vmax in Doppler mode.
The TR PGmax is calculated.
3. Select [RAP] in the [RVSP] sub-menu and select (or enter) the pressure in the dialog box
which appears.The range of input values is [0, 50.0 mmHg].
4. Click [OK] after selecting (or entering) the pressure. The RAP is obtained.
RVSP is calculated.
6.4.3.8 PAEDP
The PAEDP measures the pulmonary artery end diastolic pressure.
 Study Items
Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation
PR Ved D Vel. in Doppler General Measurements
Velocity at end-Diastole
RAP Right Atrium Pressure See RAP measurement in “RVSP”
 Study Results
Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation
PR PGed Pressure Gradient at end- /
Diastole
Pulmonary Pressure at end- PAEDP(mmHg) = RAP( mmHg ) + 4 × ( PR Ved ( m / s ))2
PAEDP
Diastole
6.4.3.9 RVIMP (RV TEI)

The measurement of RVIMP (Right Ventricular Index of Myocardial Performance) is similar to that
of LVIMP.
6-30 Cardiology
 Study Items
TV C-O Dur. Tricuspid Valve Close-Open Duration Time in Doppler General
RVET Right Ventricular Ejection Time Measurements
 Study Results
Right Ventricular Index of TV C - O dur(s) - RVET(s)

RVIMP RVIMP(Nounit) =
Myocardial Performance RVET(s)
6.4.3.10 Qp/Qs
Flow ratio of pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.
 Study Items
RVOT Diam. Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Diameter Distance in 2D General
LVOT Diam. Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Diameter Measurements
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Velocity-

RVOT VTI
Time Integral D Trace in Doppler General
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Velocity- Measurements
LVOT VTI
Time Integral
 Study Results
Item Description Operations
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Stroke
RVOT SV
Volume
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Cardiac
RVOT CO
Output
RVOT SI Right Ventricular Outflow Tract SV Index
RVOT CI Right Ventricular Output Tract CO Index
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Maximum Obtained from the RVOT VTI
RVOT Vmax measurement
Velocity
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Minimum
RVOT Vmean
Average Velocity
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Maximum
RVOT PGmax
Pressure Gradient
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Average
RVOT PGmean
Pressure Gradient
Cardiology 6-31
Item Description Operations
LVOT SV Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Stroke
Volume
LVOT SI Left Ventricular Outflow Tract SV Index
LVOT CO Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Cardiac
Output
LVOT CI Left Ventricular Output Tract CO Index
Obtained from the LVOT VTI
LVOT Vmax Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Maximum
measurement
Velocity
LVOT PGmax Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Maximum
Pressure Gradient
LVOT Vmean Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Average
Velocity
LVOT PGmean Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Minimum
Pressure Gradient
Qp/Qs Flow ratio of Pulmonary circulation and
Systemic circulation
See below
Qp-Qs Flow difference of Pulmonary circulation
and Systemic circulation
Where
Qp(ml )＝RVOT SV(ml) = π (RVOT Diam(cm)/2) 2 × RVOT VTI(cm)
Qs(ml )＝LVOT SV(ml) = π (LVOT Diam(cm)/2) 2 × LVOT VTI(cm)
RVOT SV(ml )
Qp / Qs( Nounit )＝
LVOT SV(ml )
Qp − Qs( Nounit )＝RVOT SV (ml ) − LVOT SV (ml )
6.4.3.11 PISA
The PISA (Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area) is used in the quantitative analysis of the mitral valve
regurgitation (PISA MR), aortic valve regurgitation (PISA AR), tricuspid valve regurgitation (PISA
TR) and pulmonary valve regurgitation (PISA PR) in color mode.
The PISA measurement procedure is as follows:

1. Start PISA and move the semicircular caliper by rotating the trackball.
2. Fix the center of the semicircular caliper by pressing <Set>.
3. Adjust the radius length orientation of the semicircular caliper by rotating the trackball.
4. Press <Set> to fix the caliper.
PISA MR
Mitral valve regurgitation (PISA MR) needs to be measured in Color and Doppler modes.
 Study Items
MR Rad Mitral Valve Stenosis Radius PISA measurement
6-32 Cardiology
Mitral Valve Regurgitation
MR VTI D Trace in Doppler General Measurements
Velocity-Time Integral
Mitral Valve Regurgitation You can choose to use the top aliasing velocity or
MR Als.Vel.
Aliasing Maximum Velocity bottom aliasing velocity, or enter the value directly.
 Study Results
Mitral Regurgitation
MR Vmax Obtained from the MR VTI measurement
Maximum Velocity
Mitral Regurgitation 2πMR Rad(cm)2 × MR Als.Vel(cm/s)

MR Flow MR Flow(ml) = × MR VTI(cm)
Flow MRV max(cm/s)
MR Flow Mitral Regurgitation

MR Flow Rate(ml/s) = 2πMR Rad(cm) 2 × MR Als.Vel(cm/s)
Rate Flow Rate
Mitral Valve MR Flow(ml)
MR Fraction Regurgitation MR Fraction (Nounit) = × 100%
Fraction MV SV(ml)
Mitral Valve
Effective 2πMR Rad(cm)2 × MR Als.Vel(cm/s)
MR EROA MR EROA(cm)2 =
Regurgitant Orifice MRVmax(cm/s)
Area
1. Enter color mode and adjust the color map until the aliasing appears.
2. Select [PISA MR] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
3. Measure MR Rad using the PISA caliper.
Input MR Als.Vel.
4. Measure the MR spectrum using D trace to obtain:
MR Vmax
MR VTI
The MR Flow, MR Flow Rate and MR EROA are calculated automatically.
If the MV SV is measured, the MR Fraction will be calculated automatically.
PISA AR
Aortic valve regurgitation (PISA AR) needs to be measured in Color and Doppler modes.
 Study Items
AR Rad. Aortic Valve Stenosis Radius PISA measurement
AR VTI D Trace in Doppler General Measurements
Aortic Valve Regurgitation You can choose to use the top aliasing velocity or
AR Als.Vel.
Aliasing Maximum Velocity bottom aliasing velocity, or enter the value directly.
 Study Results
Aortic Regurgitation
AR Vmax Obtained from the AR VTI measurement
Maximum Velocity
Cardiology 6-33
2πAR Rad(cm) 2 × AR Als.Vel(cm/s)

Aortic Regurgitation AR Flow(ml) = × AR VTI(cm)
AR Flow ARV max(cm/s)
Flow
AR Flow Aortic Regurgitation

AR Flow Rate(ml/s) = 2πAR Rad(cm) 2 × AR Als.Vel(cm/s)
Rate Flow Rate
Aortic Valve AR Flow(ml)
AR Fraction Regurgitation AR Fraction (Nounit) = × 100%
Fraction AV SV(ml)
Aortic Valve
Effective 2πAR Rad(cm)2 × AR Als.Vel(cm/s)
AR EROA AR EROA(cm)2 =
Regurgitant ARVmax(cm/s)
Orifice Area
Same as the PISA MR measurement.
PISA TR
Tricuspid valve regurgitation (PISA TR) needs to be measured in Color and Doppler modes.
 Study Items
Tricuspid Valve Stenosis
TR Rad. PISA measurement
Radius
TR VTI D Trace in Doppler General Measurements
You can choose to use the top aliasing velocity
TR Als.Vel. or bottom aliasing velocity, or enter the value
Aliasing Maximum Velocity
directly.
 Study Results
Tricuspid
TR Vmax Regurgitation Obtained from TR VTI measurement
Maximum Velocity
2πTR Rad(cm)2 × TR Als.Vel(cm/s)
Tricuspid TR Flow(ml) = × TR VTI(cm)
TR Flow TRV max(cm/s)
Regurgitation Flow
Tricuspid
TR Flow
Regurgitation TR Flow Rate(ml/s) = 2πTR Rad(cm)2 × TR Als.Vel(cm/s)
Rate
Flow Rate
Tricuspid Valve TR Flow(ml)
TR Fraction Regurgitation TR Fraction (Nounit) = × 100%
Fraction TV SV(ml)
6-34 Cardiology
Tricuspid Valve
Effective 2πTR Rad(cm)2 × TR Als.Vel(cm/s)
TR EROA TR EROA(cm)2 =
Regurgitant TRVmax(cm/s)
Orifice Area
PISA PR
Pulmonary valve regurgitation (PISA PR) needs to be measured in Color and Doppler modes.
 Study Items
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
PR Rad. PISA measurement
Radius
Pulmonary Valve
PR VTI Regurgitation Velocity-Time D Trace in Doppler General Measurements
Integral
Pulmonary Valve You can choose to use the top aliasing velocity
PR Als.Vel. Regurgitation Aliasing or bottom aliasing velocity, or enter the value
Maximum Velocity directly.
 Study Results
Pulmonary
PR Vmax Regurgitation Obtained from PR VTI measurement
Maximum Velocity
2πPR Rad(cm)2 × PR Als.Vel(cm/s)
Pulmonary PR Flow(ml) = × PR VTI(cm)
PR Flow PRV max(cm/s)
Regurgitation Flow
Pulmonary
PR Flow
Regurgitation Flow PR Flow Rate(ml/s) = 2πPR Rad(cm)2 × PR Als.Vel(cm/s)
Rate
Rate
Pulmonary Valve PR Flow(ml)
PR Fraction Regurgitation PR Fraction (Nounit) = × 100%
Fraction PV SV(ml)
Pulmonary Valve
Effective 2πPR Rad(cm)2 × PR Als.Vel(cm/s)
PR EROA PR EROA(cm)2 =
Regurgitant PR Vmax(cm/s)
Orifice Area
Cardiology 6-35
6.4.3.12 TDI
 Study Items
MV Sa(medial) Mitral Valve medial Systolic motion
MV Ea(medial) Mitral Valve medial Early diastolic motion
Measurements
MV Aa(medial) Mitral Valve medial Late diastolic motion
MV ARa(medial) Mitral Valve medial Acceleration Rate Acceleration in Doppler General
MV DRa(medial) Mitral Valve medial Deceleration Rate Measurements
MV Sa(lateral) Mitral Valve lateral Systolic motion

MV Ea(lateral) Mitral Valve lateral Early diastolic motion
Measurements
MV Aa(lateral) Mitral Valve lateral Late diastolic motion
MV ARa(lateral) Mitral Valve lateral Acceleration Rate Acceleration in Doppler General
MV DRa(lateral) Mitral Valve lateral Deceleration Rate Measurements
 Study Results
Ea(medial)
Ea/Aa(medial) MV medial E-Vel./A-Vel. Ea/Aa(medial)(Nounit) =
Aa(medial)
MV medial E-wave
ATa(medial) Obtained from the ARa(medial) measurement
Acceleration Time
MV medial E-wave
DTa(medial) Obtained from the DRa(medial) measurement
Deceleration Time
Calculate after measuring MV E Vel and MV

Ea(medial):
MV E/Ea(medial)
MV E Vel
MV E/Ea(medial)(Nounit) =
MV Ea(medial)
Calculate after measuring MV E Vel and MV

Used to estimate the Ea(lateral):
MV E/Ea(lateral)
diastolic function of left MV E Vel
ventricular MV E/Ea(later al)(Nounit) =
MV Ea(lateral )
Calculate after measuring MV E Vel, MV

Ea(medial) and MV Ea(lateral)
MV
E/Ea(medial+lateral) E / Ea( medial + lateral )( Nounit )＝
MV E Vel( cm / s )
(MVEa( medial )( cm / s ) + MVEa( lateral )( cm / s )) 2
Ea(laterall)
Ea/Aa(lateral) MV lateral E-Vel./A-Vel. Ea/Aa(lateral)(Nounit) =
Aa(laterall)
MV lateral E-wave
ATa(lateral) Obtained from the ARa(lateral) measurement
Acceleration Time
6-36 Cardiology
MV lateral E-wave
DTa(lateral) Obtained from the DRa(lateral) measurement
Deceleration Time
6.5 Cardiac Exam Report

6.6 References
Body Surface Are (BSA):
 DuBois, D., DuBois, E.F., “A Formula to Estimate the Approximate Surface Area if Height and
Weight Be Known,” Nutrition, Sept-Oct 1989, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 303-313.
EDV(S-P Ellipse):
 Folland, E.D., et al., “Assessment of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Volumes by
Real-Time, Two-Dimensional Echocardiography,” Circulation, October 1979, Vol. 60, No.4,
pp. 760-766
ESV(S-P Ellipse):
pp. 760-766.
Stroke Volume (SV):
 Gorge, G., et al., “High Resolution Two-dimensional Echocardiography Improves the
Quantification of Left Ventricular Function,” Journal of the American Society of
Echocardiography, 1992, 5: 125-34.
 Roelandt, Joseph, Practical Echocardiology, vol. 1 of Ultrasound in Medicine Series, ed. Denis
White, Research Studies Press, 1977, p. 124.
Ejection Fraction (EF):
 Pombo, J.F., “Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection by Echocardiography,” Circulation, 1971,
Vol. 43, pp. 480-490.
Stroke Volume Index (SI):
 Gorge, G., et al., “High Resolution Two-dimensional Echocardiography Improves the
Quantification of Left Ventricular Function,” Journal of the American Society of
Echocardiography, 1992, 5: 125-34.
 Roelandt, Joseph, Practical Echocardiology, vol. 1 of Ultrasound in Medicine Series, ed. Denis
White, Research Studies Press, 1977, p. 124.
Cardiac Output (CO):
 Belenkie, Israel, et al., “Assessment of Left Ventricular Dimensions and Function by
Echocardiography,” American Journal of Cardiology, June 1973, Vol. 31
Cardiac output Index (CI):
Cardiology 6-37
 The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, ed. 15, Robert Berkon, ed., Merck and Co.,
Rahway, NJ, 1987, p. 378.
 Schiller, N.B., et al., “Recommendations for Quantification of the LV by Two-Dimensional
Echocardiography,” J Am Soc Echo, Sept.-Oct., 1989, Vol. 2, No. 5,p. 364.
EDV(B-P Ellipse):
pp. 760-766
ESV(B-P Ellipse):
pp. 760-766
EDV (Bullet):
pp. 760-766
ESV (Bullet):
pp. 760-766
EDV (Simpson):
 Weyman, Arthur E., Cross-Sectional Echocardiography, Lea & Febiger, 1985, p. 295.Folland,
E.D., et al., “Assessment of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Volumes by Real-Time,
Two-Dimensional Echocardiography,” Circulation, October 1979, Vol. 60, No.4, pp. 760-766
ESV (Simpson):
 Weyman, Arthur E., Cross-Sectional Echocardiography, Lea & Febiger, 1985, p. 295.Folland,
E.D., et al., “Assessment of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Volumes by Real-Time,
Two-Dimensional Echocardiography,” Circulation, October 1979, Vol. 60, No.4, pp. 760-766
EDV (Simpson SP):
Echocardiography,” Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, Sept-Oct 1989,
Vol.2, No. 5, p. 364
ESV (Simpson SP:
Vol.2, No. 5, p. 364
EDV (Simpson BP):
Vol.2, No. 5, p. 364
ESV (Simpson BP):
Vol.2, No. 5, p. 364
EDV (Cube):
6-38 Cardiology
 Dodge, H.T., Sandler, D.W., et al., “The Use of Biplane Angiography for the Measurement of
Left Ventricular Volume in Man,” American Heart Journal, 1960, Vol. 60, pp. 762-776.
Echocardiography,” American Journal of Cardiology, June 1973, pg. 31.
ESV (Cube):
 Dodge, H.T., Sandler, D.W., et al., “The Use of Biplane Angiography for the Measurement of
Left Ventricular Volume in Man,” American Heart Journal, 1960, Vol. 60, pp. 762-776.
Echocardiography,” American Journal of Cardiology, June 1973, pg. 31.
Fractional Shortening (FS):
Echocardiography,” American Journal of Cardiology, June 1973, Vol. 31.
MVCF:
 Colan, S.D., Borow, K.M., Neumann, A., “Left Ventricular End-Systolic Wall Stress-Velocity of
Fiber Shortening Relation: A Load-Independent Index of Myocardial Contractility,” J Amer Coll
Cardiol, October, 1984, Vol. 4, No. 4,pp. 715-724.
 Snider, A.R., Serwer, G.A., Echocardiography in Pediatric Heart Disease, Year Book Medical
Publishers, Inc., Littleton, MA, 1990, p. 83.
Teichholz:
 Teichholz, L.E., et al., “Problems in Echocardiographic Volume Determinations:
Echocardiographic-Angiographic Correlations in the Presence or Absence of Asynergy,”
American Journal of Cardiology, January 1976, Vol. 37, pp. 7-11
LVMW:
 John H. Phillips, “Practical Quantitative Doppler Echocardiography”, CRC Press, 1991,
Page 96.
LV MASS-I:
 John H. Phillips, “Practical Quantitative Doppler Echocardiography”, CRC Press, 1991,
Page 96.
LA/Ao:
 Roelandt, Joseph, Practical Echocardiology, Ultrasound in Medicine Series, Vol. 1, Denis
White, ed., Research Studies Press, 1977, p. 270.
Echocardiography,” J Am Soc Echo, Sept-Oct, 1989, Vol. 2, No. 5,p. 364.
MV CA/CE:
 Maron, Barry J., et al., “Noninvasive Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by
Pulsed Doppler Echocardiography in Patients with Hypertrophic
 Cardiomyopathy, J Am Coll Cardio, 1987, Vol. 10, pp. 733-742.
MV E/A:
 Maron, Barry J., et al., “Noninvasive Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by
Pulsed Doppler Echocardiography in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy,” Journal of
the American College of Cardiology, 1987, Vol. 10, pp. 733-742.
Pressure Half Time (PHT):
 Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1994,
p.59-60
Mitral valve area:
Cardiology 6-39
 Goldberg, Barry B., Kurtz, Alfred B., Atlas of Ultrasound Measurements, Year Book Medical
Publishers, Inc., 1990, p. 65.
 Stamm, R. Brad, et al., “Quantification of Pressure Gradients Across Stenotic Valves by
Doppler Ultrasound,” J Am Coll Cardiol, 1983, Vol. 2, No. 4,pp. 707-718.
Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure:
 Stevenson, J.G., “Comparison of Several Noninvasive Methods for Estimation of Pulmonary
Artery Pressure,” Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, June 1989, Vol. 2, pp.
157-171.
 Yock, Paul G. and Popp, Richard L., “Noninvasive Estimation of Right Ventricular Systolic
Pressure by Doppler Ultrasound in Patients with Tricuspid Regurgitation,” Circulation, 1984,
Vol. 70, No. 4, pp. 657-662.
E/Ea:
 Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by
Echocardiography" 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Society of
Echocardiography.
6-40 Cardiology
7 Vascular
7.1 Vascular Exam Preparations

3. Press <Patient> and enter the patient information on the [Patient Info] → [VAS] page.
[Basic Volume].
7.2 Basic Vascular Measurement Procedures

1. Press <Patient> and enter the patient information on the [Patient Info] → [VAS] page.
See the table in “7.3 Vascular Measurement Tools” below for measurement tools.
See section “7.4 Vascular Measurement Operations” and steps in “3 General Measurement”
for measurement methods.
4. Press <Report> to view the exam report. See “7.5 Vascular Exam Report” for details.
Vascular 7-1
7.3 Vascular Measurement Tools
Vascular measurements are mainly used for carotid, cerebral, upper and lower extremity vessels.
The system supports the following 2D and Doppler vascular measurements.
measurement tools.
2D Vascular Measurements
Common Carotid
CCA IMT
Artery IMT
Bulb IMT Bulbillate IMT
Measurement Internal Carotid ROI measurement in IMT
ICA IMT
Artery IMT
External Carotid
ECA IMT
Artery IMT
Stenosis D (No unit) = (Normal Diam. (cm) –
Resid Diam. (cm)) / Normal Diam. (cm) ×
100%
Stenosis D (No unit) = | (D1-D2) / MAX
Stenosis D Stenosis Diameter
(D1, D2)|*100%
Where D1 and D2 refer to the measured
Calculation vascular diameter, and MAX (D1, D2)
represents the larger value of the two.
Stenosis A (No unit) = | (A1-A2) / MAX (A1,
A2) |*100%
Stenosis A Stenosis Area Where A1 and A2 refer to the measured
vascular area, and MAX (A1, A2) represents
the larger value of the two.
Intima-Media
IMT See below
Thickness
Stenosis (No unit)
= |(A1-A2)/ MAX(A1,A2)|*100%
Study Where A1 and A2 refer to the measured
Stenosis A / vascular area, and MAX (A1, A2) represents
the larger value of the two.
You may select different method for the two
area measurement.
7-2 Vascular
Doppler Vascular Measurements
CCA Common Carotid Artery
Bulb Bulbillate
ICA Internal Carotid Artery
ECA External Carotid Artery
measurements
Vert. A Vertebral Artery
Innom. A Innominate Artery
Measurement Subclav. A Subclavian Artery
Axill. A Axillary Artery
Brachial A Brachial Artery
Ulnar A Ulnar Artery D trace in General D
Radial A Radial Artery measurements
Subclav. A Subclavian Artery

Axill. V Axillary Vein
Cephalic V Cephalic Vein
Basilic V Basilic Vein
Ulnar V Ulnar Vein
Radial V Radial Vein
C.Iliac A Common Iliac Artery
Ex.Iliac A External Iliac Artery
CFA Common Femoral Artery
SFA Superficial Femoral Artery
Pop. A Popliteal Artery
Measurement TP Trunk A Tibial Peroneal Trunk Artery
measurements
Peroneal A Peroneal Artery
P.Tib. A Posterior Tibial Artery
A.Tib. A Anterior Tibial Artery
Dors.Ped. A Dorsalis Pedis Artery
C.Iliac V Common Iliac Vein
Ex.Iliac V External Iliac Vein
Femoral V Femoral Vein
Saph. V Great Saphenous Vein
Pop. V Popliteal Vein
TP Trunk V Tibial Peroneal Trunk Vein
Measurement Sural V Sural Vein
measurements
Soleal V Soleal Vein
Vascular 7-3
Peroneal V Peroneal Vein
P.Tib. V Posterior Tibial Vein
A.Tib. V Anterior Tibial Vein
ACA Anterior Cerebral Artery
MCA Middle Cerebral Artery
PCA Posterior Cerebral Artery
AComA Ant.communicating br.
PComA Post.communicating br.
BA Basilar Artery
IIA Internal Iliac Artery
DFA Deep Femoral Artery
Ba V Basilar Vein
Brachial V Brachial Vein
IIV Internal Iliac Vein
measurements
Measurement CFV Common Femoral Vein
SFV Superficial Femoral Vein
DFV Deep Femoral Vein
SSV Small Saphenous Vein
ASP Ankle Systolic Pressure
Type in
BSP Brachial Systolic Pressure
Calculation ICA/CCA(PS) / See below
Study ABI Ankle Brachial Index See below
7.4 Vascular Measurement Operations

Tip: 1. See the table in “7.3 Vascular Measurement Tools” above for measurement tools
and methods.
5. The measurements of some tools described in this chapter are to be performed in
several imaging modes. Select the appropriate imaging mode during measurement.
7-4 Vascular
1. Select the item/tool in the measurement menu.

Stenosis D
Function: measures the Normal Diam. and Resid. Diam., calculates the Stenosis D.
1. Select [Stenosis D] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance measurement method in 2D General Measurements to measure the
Normal(D) and Resid(D).
The Stenosis D is calculated automatically.
Stenosis A
Function: measures the Normal Area and Resid. Area, calculates the Stenosis A.
1. Select [Stenosis A] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Area measurement method in 2D General Measurements to measure the Normal(A)
and Resid(A).
The Stenosis A is calculated automatically.
ICA/CCA (PS)
Function: measures the flow velocity ratio between ICA and CCA to calculate the stenosis.
1. Select [ICA/CCA (PS)] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Measure the PS value of the ICA and CCA using the 2 PT method in D trace, and the system
calculates the stenosis. Where, the ICA value adopts the maximum PS value of proximal,
middle and distal and the CCA adopts the latest measured value after changing the
Prox./Mid./Dist. attribute (the default CCA adopts the distal PS value).

IMT
NOTE: 1. The IMT function is unavailable on the product not configured with IMT.
2. The IMT measurement is available on frozen (or history) linear array images only.
Function: IMT (Intima-Media Thickness) measures the distance between LI (Lumen-Intima) and
MA (Media-Adventia).
The IMT values at 4 positions: CCA (Common Carotid Artery), ICA (Internal Carotid Artery), ECA
(External Carotid Artery) and Bulb (Bulbillate) need to be measured here.
1. Enter the IMT exam mode, scan and freeze the image (or review a historic image).
2. Select [IMT] in the measurement menu and enter the IMT measurement.
3. Select the side (Left/Right), angle and vessel wall (Near/Far).
4. Select an item such as [ICC, IMT], and the ROI box displays on the screen.
It appears as when Near is selected
It appears as when Far is selected
Vascular 7-5
Tip Make sure that you select the correct vessel wall (Near/Far) before the IMT
measurement. Otherwise the intima may be recognized incorrectly due to different
algorithms that are applied in near/far wall recognition.
5. Move the ROI box to the desired position, then press <Set>. Two auto trace lines appear in the
box.
While the ROI box is green, you can:
 Adjust the size of the ROI box.
 Trace manually
a) Move the cursor to a trace line. The trace line turns yellow. Press <Set>.
b) Move the cursor along the interface of the vessel. Press <Set> to confirm the trace
after re-adjusting.
Erase the trace lines inside the box by pressing <Clear>. (Long press <Clear> to clear all

measurement calipers on the screen.)
6. Press <Set> outside the box to confirm the adjustment result after the manual trace is
complete. The results are recorded in the IMT report.
The system calculates:
 IMT Max.
 IMT Min.
 IMT Mean
 IMT SD
 IMT ROI Length
 IMT Measure Length
 IMT Quality Index
The Quality Index indicates the reliability of one measurement. Manual trace or re-scan of an
image with clear endocardium edges is recommended if the Quality Index value is small.
Tip: To achieve a good trace result, try to place the ROI box parallel with the vessel and adjust
the box size to reduce unwanted interference.
For multiple measurements on the same side, vessel and angle, the system calculates the
following parameters in the report:
 Average Mean IMT
 Average Max. IMT
 Standard deviation
It also provides the Composite Mean IMT, which is an overall mean value of all IMT mean
values derived from the measured items.
ABI
Function: calculates the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) by measuring the Ankle Systolic Pressure (ASP)
and the Brachial Systolic Pressure (BSP) on a Doppler image.
ABI = ASP/BSP
NOTE: needs to be measured on the left and right sides respectively.
Select [ABI] in the measurement menu.

1. Click [ASP] from the [ABI] menu and enter the value.
2. Click [BSP] from the [ABI] menu and enter the value.
The ABI is calculated by the system automatically.
7-6 Vascular
7.5 Vascular Exam Report
An IMT report is applied to the record results in the IMT measurements, where selecting patient
conditions (smoker/non-smoker, diabetic/not diabetic, etc.), modifying the result data are available
and view the graphics.
7.6 References
Stenosis D: Honda, Nobuo, et al., “Echo-Doppler Velocimeter in the Diagnosis of Hypertensive
Patients: The Renal Artery Doppler Technique,” Ultrasound in Medicine and
Biology, 1986, Vol. 12(12), pp. 945-952.
Stenosis A: Jacobs, Norman M., et al., “Duplex Carotid Sonography: Criteria for Stenosis,
Accuracy, and Pitfalls,” Radiology, 1985, 154:385-391.
Vascular 7-7
8 Gynecology
8.1 Gynecology Exam Preparations

3. Register the patient information in the [Patient Info] → [GYN] dialog box.
[Basic Volume].
8.2 Basic Gynecology Measurement

Procedures
1. Register the patient information in the [Patient Info] → [GYN] dialog box.
See the table in “8.3 Gynecology Measurement Tools” below for measurement tools.
See section “8.4 Gynecology Measurement Operations” and steps in “3 General
Measurement” for measurement methods.
4. Press <Report> to view the exam report. See “8.5 Gynecology Exam Report” for details.
Gynecology 8-1
8.3 Gynecology Measurement Tools
The system supports the following gynecology measurements.
measurement tools. For more information about package preset, see “2.4.2.2 Application
Measurement Preset.”
Modes Types Tools Descriptions Methods or formulae

UT H Uterine Height Same as the Distance
measurement in 2D General
UT W Uterine Width Measurements
UT L Uterine Length Same as the Distance, Trace
Uterine Cervix and Spline measurements in
Cervix L 2D General Measurements
Length
Uterine Cervix
Cervix H
Height
Measureme Cervix W Uterine Cervix Width

nt Endometrium
Endo
Thickness
Same as the Distance
Ovary L Ovary Length
measurement in 2D General
Ovary H Ovary Height Measurements
Ovary W Ovary Width
Follicle1~16 L Follicle 1~16 Length
2D Follicle1~16 W Follicle 1~16 Width
Follicle1~16 H Follicle1~16 Height
Ovary Vol. Ovary Volume
UT Vol. UT Volume
Calculation Uterus Body / See below
UT-L/ CX-L /
Follicle 1-16 /
Length, height and width of
Uterus / uterus, endometrium
thickness
Uterine Cervix /
Study uterine cervix
Ovary /
ovary
Follicle 1~16 /
follicle 1~16
M / /
Doppler / /
8-2 Gynecology
8.4 Gynecology Measurement Operations
Tip: 1. See the table in “8.3 Gynecology Measurement Tools” above for measurement tools
and methods.

All items are measured using the Distance method except for UT L and Cervix L which support the
Distance, Trace and Spline methods.

Ovary Vol.
Function: measures the Ovary L, Ovary H and Ovary W, calculates the Ovary Vol.
1. Select [Ovary Vol.] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance method in 2D General Measurements to measure the Ovary L, Ovary H and
Ovary W. The Ovary Vol. is calculated automatically.
UT Vol
Function: measures the UT L, UT H and UT W, calculates the UT Vol.
1. Select [UT Vol.] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance method in 2D General Measurements to measure the UT L, UT H and UT W.
The UT Vol. and Uterus Body are calculated automatically.
Uterus Body
Function: measures the UT L, UT H and UT W, calculates Uterus Body.
Uterus Body (cm) = UT L (cm) + UT H (cm) + UT W (cm)
1. Select [Uterus Body] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance method in 2D General Measurements to measure the UT L, UT H and UT W.
UT-L/ CX-L
Function: measures the UT L and Cervix L, calculates the ratio UT-L/CX-L.
UT-L/CX-L (No unit) = UT L (cm) / Cervix L (cm)
1. Select [UT-L/CX-L] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance method in 2D General Measurements to measure the UT L and Cervix L.
The system calculates the UT-L/CX-L.
Gynecology 8-3
Uterus
Function: measures the UT L, UT H, UT W and Endo, calculates the UT Vol., Uterine Body and
UT-L/CX-L.
1. Select [Uterus] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance method in 2D General Measurements to measure the UT L, UT H, UT W
and Endo.
If the Cervix L has been measured, the system also calculates the UT-L/CX-L.
Uterine Cervix
Function: measures the Cervix L, Cervix H and Cervix W, calculates the UT-L/CX-L.
1. Select [Uterine Cervix] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance method in 2D General Measurements to measure the Cervix L, Cervix H and
Cervix W.
Ovary
Function: measures the Ovary L, Ovary H and Ovary W, calculates the Ovary Vol.
1. Select [Ovary] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance method in 2D General Measurements to measure the Ovary L, Ovary H and
Ovary W. The Ovary Vol. is calculated automatically.
Follicle
Function: measures the length, width and height of the follicle using the Distance method and
calculates the length, width and height averages as well as the follicle volume.
Results Method Formulae
2-distance Average Diam＝ (Length + Width )

2
Average Diameter
3-distance Average Diam＝ (Length + Width + Height )
3
π
1-distance Vol＝ (Length )3
6
π
Follicle Volume 2-distance Vol＝ (Length )2 × Width
6
π
3-distance Vol＝ length × Width × Height
6
8-4 Gynecology
Up to 16 follicles can be measured. Specify the follicle serial numbers before measuring a follicle.
Take Follicle1 as an example. The measurements of other items are similar.
1. Select [Follicle1] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance measurement method in 2D General Measurements to measure Follicle1 L,
Follicle1 W and Follicle1 H.
The system automatically calculates the average value of Follicle1 L, Follicle1 W and Follicle1
H as well as the volume of Follicle1.
The calculation methods of the follicle diameter and volume can be preset via [Setup] →
[System Preset] → [Application].
8.5 Gynecology Exam Report

8.6 References
Uterus Feng Kui, Sun Yanling, Li Hezhou. Ultrasonic diagnosis of adenomyosis. Journal
Body: of Henan Medical University, 1995; 30 (2).
UT-L/ CX-L: Ji Jindi, et al. Ultrasonographic study of the intersex problems and the internal
genitalia abnormalities. Journal of China medical ultrasound. 1996, Volume 12,
No8 P40.
Gynecology 8-5
9 Urology
9.1 Urology Exam Preparations

Make the following preparations before performing a urology exam:
3. Press <Patient> and register the patient information in the [Patient Info] → [URO] dialog box.
[Basic Volume].
9.2 Basic Urology Measurement Procedures

1. Press <Patient> and register the patient information in the [Patient Info] → [URO] dialog box.
See the table in “9.3 Urology Measurement Tools” below for measurement tools.
See section “9.4 Urology Measurement Operations” and steps in “3 General Measurement” for
4. Press <Report> to view the exam report. See “9.5 Urology Exam Report” for details.
Urology 9-1
9.3 Urology Measurement Tools
The system supports the following measurements (no measurement tools in M mode).
Renal L Renal Length
Renal H Renal Height
Renal W Renal Width
Renal Cortical
Cortex
Thickness
Adrenal L Adrenal Length
Adrenal H Adrenal Height
Adrenal W Adrenal Width
Prostate L Prostate Length
Prostate H Prostate Height
Prostate W Prostate Width
Seminal Vesicle
Seminal L
Length
Seminal Vesicle
Seminal H
Height
Seminal Vesicle Distance in 2D General
2D Measurement Seminal W
Width Measurements
Testis L Testicular Length
Testis H Testicular Height
Testis W Testicular Width
Ureter /
Pre-void Bladder
Pre-BL L
Length
Pre-void Bladder
Pre-BL H
Height
Pre-void Bladder
Pre-BL W
Width
Post-void Bladder
Post-BL L
Length
Post-void Bladder
Post-BL H
Height
Post-void Bladder
Post-BL W
Width
9-2 Urology
Prostate Mass1
/
d1-3
Prostate Mass2
/
d1-3
Prostate Mass3
/
d1-3
Testis Mass1
/
d1-3
Testis Mass2 Distance in 2D General
Measurement /
d1-3 Measurements
Testis Mass3
/
d1-3
Epididymis L Epididymis Length
Epididymis W Epididymis Width
Epididymis H Epididymis Height
Scrotal Wall
/
Thickness
Renal Vol. Renal Volume
Prostate Vol. Prostate Volume
2D
Testicular Vol. Testicular Volume
Calculation Pre-void Bladder See below

Pre-BL Vol.
Volume
Post-void Bladder
Post-BL Vol.
Volume
Mictur. Vol. Micturated Volume
Kidney /
Adrenal /
Prostate /
Seminal Vesicle /
Testis /
Bladder /
Study See below
Mass1-10 /
Prostate mass 1-
/
3
Testis mass 1-3 /
Epididymis /
Smart Bladder /
Testicular A Testicular Aorta
Doppler Measurement Testicular V Testicular Vein
Measurements
Epididymis A Epididymis Aorta
Urology 9-3
Epididymis V Epididymis Vein
9.4 Urology Measurement Operations

Tip: 1. See the table in “9.3 Urology Measurement Tools” above for measurement tools
and methods.

All Urology measurement tool operations are the same as the Distance measurement of 2D
General Measurements.
The measurement procedures are as follows, taking the Prostate L measurement as an example:
1. Select [Prostate L] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance tool in 2D General Measurements to measure the Prostate L.

Renal Vol.
Function: measures the Renal L, Renal H and Renal W, calculates the Renal Vol.
1. Select [Renal Vol] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance measurement method in 2D General Measurements to measure the Renal L,
Renal H and Renal W. The Renal Vol. is calculated automatically.
Prostate Vol.
Function: measures the Prostate L, Prostate H and Prostate W, calculates the Prostate Vol. and
PPSA. If [Serum PSA] in [Patient Info] → [URO] has been entered, PSAD (Prostate Special
Antigen Density) will also be calculated.
PPSA (ng/ml) = PPSA Coefficient (ng/ml2) × Prostate Vol (ml)
PSAD (ng/ml2) = Serum PSA (ng/ml) / Prostate Vol. (ml)
Here, the PPSA Coefficient and Serum PSA are entered in the [Patient Info] → [URO] dialog box.
The default value of the PPSA Coefficient is 0.12.
1. Select [Prostate Vol.] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance method in 2D General Measurements to measure the Prostate L, Prostate H
and Prostate W.
9-4 Urology
The system calculates the Prostate Vol. and PPSA.
The PSAD displays in the report if the PSA value is entered.
Testiscular Vol.
Function: measures the Testis L, Testis H and Testis W, calculates the Testis Vol.
1. Select [Testiscular Vol.] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance measurement method in 2D General Measurements to measure the Testis L,
Testis H and Testis W. The Testis Vol. is calculated automatically.
Pre-BL Vol.
Function: measures the Pre-BL L, Pre-BL H and Pre-BL W, calculates the Pre-BL Vol.
1. Select [Pre-BL Vol] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance method in 2D General Measurements to measure the Pre-BL L, Pre-BL H
and Pre-BL W. The Pre-BL Vol. is calculated automatically. The Mictur.Vol is displayed in the
report if the Post-BL Vol is measured.
Post-BL Vol.
Function: measures the Post-BL L, Post-BL H and Post-BL W, calculates the Post-BL Vol.
1. Select [Post-BL Vol] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance method in 2D General Measurements to measure Post-BL L, Post-BL H and
Post-BL W. The Post-BL Vol is calculated automatically. The Mictur.Vol is displayed in the
report if the Pre-BL Vol is measured.
Mictur. Vol.
Function: measures the Pre-BL Vol and Post-BL Vol, calculates the Mictur.Vol.
1. Select [Mictur.Vol] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
and Pre-BL W. The Pre-BL Vol. is calculated automatically and displayed in the report.
Post-BL W. The Post-BL Vol. and Mictur.Vol. are calculated automatically, the Post-BL Vol. is
displayed in the report.

Kidney
Function: measures the Renal L, Renal H and Renal W, calculates the Renal Vol.
1. Select [Kidney] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance measurement method in 2D General Measurements to measure the Renal L,
Renal H and Renal W. The Renal Vol. is calculated automatically.
3. Use the method of Distance measurement of 2D General Measurements to measure Cortex.
Adrenal
Function: measures Adrenal L, Adrenal H and Adrenal W.
1. Select the [Adrenal] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the method of Distance measurement of 2D General Measurements to measure Adrenal
L, Adrenal H and Adrenal W.
Urology 9-5
Prostate
Function: measures the Prostate L, Prostate H and Prostate W, calculates the Prostate Vol. and
PPSA. If [Serum PSA] in [Patient Info] → [URO] has been entered, PSAD (Prostate Special
Antigen Density) will also be calculated.
PPSA (ng/ml) = PPSA Coefficient (ng/ml2) × Prostate Vol (ml)
PSAD (ng/ml2) = Serum PSA (ng/ml) / Prostate Vol. (ml)
Here, the PPSA Coefficient and Serum PSA are entered in the [Patient Info] → [URO] dialog box.
The default value of the PPSA Coefficient is 0.12.
1. Select the [Prostate] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance method in 2D General Measurements to measure the Prostate L, Prostate H
and Prostate W.
The system calculates the Prostate Vol. and PPSA.
The PSAD displays in the report if the PSA value is entered.
Seminal Vesicle
Function: measures the Seminal L, Seminal H and Seminal W.
1. Select [Seminal Vesicle] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance measurement method in 2D General Measurements to measure the Seminal
L, Seminal H and Seminal W.
Testis
Function: measures the Testis L, Testis H and Testis W, calculates the Testis Vol.
1. Select [Testis] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance measurement method in 2D General Measurements to measure the Testis L,
Testis H and Testis W. The Testis Vol. is calculated automatically.
Bladder
Function: measures the Pre-BL L, Pre-BL H, Pre-BL W, Post-BL L, Post-BL H and Post-BL W,
calculates the Pre-BL Vol., Post-BL Vol and Mictur.Vol.
1. Select [Bladder] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
and Pre-BL W. The Pre-BL Vol. is calculated automatically.
Post-BL W. The Post-BL Vol. and Mictur.Vol. are calculated automatically.
Mass
Function: measures 3 distances in the mass.
Taking Mass1 as an example, the procedure is as follows:
1. Select [Mass1] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
Select [Side: X] on the touch screen to record the mass position.
2. Use the Distance tool in the 2D General Measurement to measure Mass1 d1, Mass1 d2 and
Mass1 d3.
9-6 Urology
Epididymis
Function: measures the Epididymis L, Epididymis H and Epididymis W.
1. Select [Epididymis] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance measurement method in 2D General Measurements to measure Epididymis L,
Epididymis H and Epididymis W.
Smart Bladder
NOTE: 1. Smart Bladder must be used with convex-wide probe.
2. Measurement of the data earlier than V 2.0 software is not supported.
Function: measure the volume of the urine in the bladder.

1. Scan and obtain the horizontal section image of the bladder.
2. Select the [Smart Bladder] in the measurement menu.
Envelop of the bladder section is traced automatically, and two diameters d1 and d2
(perpendicular to each other by default) are recognized by the system. Here,
You can press <Update> to exchange among the ends of the diameters and modify the length
and the position of the end points.
3. Press <Set> to fix the measurement of d1 and d2.
4. Scan and obtain the vertical section of the bladder.
5. Select the [Smart Bladder] in the measurement menu.
Envelop of the bladder section is traced automatically, and diameter d3 is recognized by the
system. Here,
You can press <Update> to exchange the ends of the diameter and modify the length and the
position of the end points.
6. Press <Set> to fix the measurement of d3.
The Volume is calculated by the system.
9.5 Urology Exam Report

9.6 References
PPSA: Peter J. Littrup M.D., Fed LeE. M.D., Curtis Mettin. P.D. Prostate Cancer
Screening: Current Trends and Future Implications. CA-A CANCER JOURNAL
FOR CLINICIANS, Jul/Aug 1992, Vol.42, No.4.
PSAD: MITCHELL C. BENSON, IHN SEONG, CARL A. OLSSON, J., McMahon,

WILLIAM H.COONER. The Use of Prostate Specific Antigen Density to Enhance
the Predictive Value of the Intermediate Levels of Serum Prostate Specific
Antigen. THE JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, 1992, Vol.147, p817-821
Urology 9-7
10 Small Parts
10.1 Small Parts Exam Preparations
3. Press <Patient> and register the patient information in the [Patient Info] → [SMP] dialog box.
[Basic Volume].
10.2 Basic Small Parts Measurement

Procedures
1. Press <Patient> and register the patient information in the [Patient Info] → [SMP] dialog box.
3. Select the measurement tool in the menu or on the touch screen to start the measurement.
See the table in “10.3 Small Parts Measurement Tools” below for measurement tools.
See section “10.4 Small Parts Measurement Operations” and steps in “3 General
Measurement” for measurement methods.
4. Press <Report> to view the exam report. See “10.5 Small Parts Exam Report” for details.
Small Parts 10-1

10.3 Small Parts Measurement Tools
The system supports the following small parts measurements.

Thyroid L Thyroid Length
Thyroid H Thyroid Height
Thyroid W Thyroid Width
Isthmus H Isthmus height
Testis L Testicular Length
Testis H Testicular Height Distance in 2D General
Measurements
Testis W Testicular Width
Measurement Epididymis L Epididymis Length
Epididymis W Epididymis Width
Epididymis H Epididymis Height
Scrotal Wall
/
Thickness
2D Mass1~10 L Mass Length
Mass1~10 W Mass Width
Measurements
Mass1~10 H Mass Height
Thyroid Vol. (cm 3) = k × Thyroid L
(cm) × Thyroid H (cm) × Thyroid
Calculation Thyroid Vol. Thyroid Volume W (cm)
Where k= 0.479 or 0.523
Same formulae as in the Thyroid
Thyroid /
Vol. calculation
See Testis in chapter “9.4.3 Study
Testis /
Tool Operations”
Study
Volume (3 Dist.) in 2D General
Mass1~10 /
Measurements
See Epididymis in chapter “9.4.3
Epididymis /
Study Tool Operations”
M / / / /
Superior Thyroid
STA
Artery D trace in General D
Doppler Measurement
Inferior Thyroid measurements
ITA
Artery
10-2 Small Parts

Calculation / / /
Study / / /
10.4 Small Parts Measurement Operations

Tip: 1. See table “10.3 Small Parts Measurement Tools” above for measurement tools
and methods.

Take the measurement “Thyroid L” for example. The measurement procedure is as follows:
1. Select [Thyroid L] in the measurement menu or on the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance tool in 2D General Measurements to measure the Thyroid L. The value
displays in the results window and exam report.

Thyroid Vol.
Function: measures Thyroid L, Thyroid H and Thyroid W respectively, and calculates Thyroid Vol.
Tip: Needs to be measured on the left and right sides respectively.
1. Select [Thyroid Vol.] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.

2. Use the Distance tool in 2D General Measurements to measure the Thyroid L, Thyroid H and
Thyroid W.
Two Thyroid Vols are calculated automatically.

Thyroid
Function: measures Thyroid L, Thyroid H and Thyroid W respectively, and calculates Thyroid Vol.
See “10.3 Small Parts Measurement Tools” for calculation formulae.
Tip: Needs to be measured on the left and right sides respectively.
1. Select [Thyroid] in the measurement menu or the touch screen
2. Use the Distance tool in 2D General Measurements to measure the Thyroid L, Thyroid H and
Thyroid W. The Thyroid Vol. is calculated automatically.
Small Parts 10-3

Mass
Function: measures the Mass L, Mass W and Mass H to calculate the Mass Volume, as well as
measuring the Nip.-Mass Dist. and Skin-Mass Dist. Up to 10 masses can be measured.
Taking Mass1 as an example, the procedure is as follows:
1. Select [Mass1] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance tool in the 2D General Measurement to measure Mass1 L, Mass1 W and
Mass1 H.
3. Use the Distance tool in the 2D General Measurement to measure the Nip.-Mass Dist. and
Skin-Mass Dist.
The measurements and the calculated Mass Volume are recorded in the report.
Testis
The same as “Testis” in “9 Urology.”
Epididymis
The same as “Epididymis” in “9 Urology.”
10.5 Small Parts Exam Report

10.6 References
Thyroid Vol: Volumetrie der Schilddruesenlappn mittels Realtime-Sonographie; J Brunn,
(k= 0.479) U. Block, G. Ruf, et al.; Dtsch.med. Wschr.106 (1981), 1338-1340.)
Thyroid Vol: Gomez J.M., Gomea N., et al. Determinants of thyroid volume as measured by
(k=0.523) ultrasonography in healthy adults randomly selected. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf),
2000;53:629-634)
10-4 Small Parts

11 Pediatrics
The HIP (Hip Joint Angle) measurement is used in pediatric Pediatrics. Such measurement
provides early diagnosis for infant hip joint dislocation.
11.1 Pediatrics Exam Preparations

3. Register the patient information in the [Patient Info] → [PED] dialog box.
[Basic Volume].
11.2 Basic Pediatrics Measurement

Procedures
1. Register the patient information in the [Patient Info] → [PED] dialog box.
3. Select the measurement tool in the menu or on the touch screen to start the measurement.
4. See the table in “11.3 Pediatrics Measurement Tools” below for measurement tools.
5. See section “11.4 HIP Measurement Operations” and steps in “3 General Measurement” for
6. Press <Report> to view the exam report. See “11.5 Pediatrics Exam Report” for details.
11.3 Pediatrics Measurement Tools

HIP
The HIP calculation assists in assessing the development of the infant hip. In this calculation, three
straight lines are superimposed on the image and aligned with the anatomical features. The two
angles are calculated and displayed.
The three lines are:
Pediatrics 11-1
 The baseline (BL), connecting the osseous acetabular convexity to the point where the joint
capsule and the perichondrium unite with the ilium.
 The roof line (RL), connecting the lower edge of the ilium to the osseous acetabular convexity.
 The inclination line (IL), connecting the osseous acetabular convexity to the acetabular labrum.
The angles are:
 α: the angle between BL and RL.
 β: the angle between BL and IL
IL
β
BL
α
RL
Dislocation type can be determined using the Graf method, as described in the following table.
DISLOCATION CRITERIA
RESULT
TYPE α β Patient
I α≥60° β<77° All ages I
Younger than three months
50°≤α≤59° IIa
of age
Three months of age or older
II 50°≤α≤59° β<55° IIb
than three months
43°≤α≤49° β≤77° All ages IIc
43°≤α≤49° β>77° All ages IId
III α<43° β>77° All ages III
Quantitative angle All
IV measurement cannot be All ages
performed.
Others Others All ages ?????
HIP-Graf
The measurement items, results and procedures are the same as “HIP.”
d/D
Measures the distance between the baseline and bottom line of the osseous acetabular and the
maximum width of the hip to estimate the hip osseous acetabular coverage.
11-2 Pediatrics
1. Select [d/D] in the measurement menu or the touch screen.
2. Use the Distance tool in the 2D General Measurement to measure the maximum width of the
hip (D), and the distance between the osseous acetabular roof and bottom (d). The system
calculates the d/D.
11.4 HIP Measurement Operations

Tip: 1. For the definitions of measurement, calculation and study, see “1.3 Measurement,
1. In B mode, select [HIP] from the measurement menu or on the touch screen.
A line appears, and there is a fulcrum on the line.
2. Use the trackball to move the line to the position of the hip joint. Then rotate the <Angle> knob
to fix the baseline.
3. Press <Set> to confirm and the second line displays.
4. Use the method for adjusting the first line to anchor the RL and press <Set> to fix the RL.
5. Use the same method to fix the third line IL. The angles of α and β come out.
If the patient's age is entered, the dislocation type is also displayed.
Measure the angles of α and β separately: click [HIP (α)] or [HIP (β)] to measure.
11.5 Pediatrics Exam Report

Pediatrics 11-3
11.6 References
Graf R., “Sonographic diagnosis of hip dysplasia. Principles, sources of error and consequences”
Ultraschall Med. 1987 Feb;8(1):2-8
Schuler P., “Principles of sonographic examination of the hip” Ultraschall Med. 1987 Feb;8(1):9-1
Graf, R. “Fundamentals of Sonographic Diagnosis of Infant Hop Dysplasia.” Journal Pediatric

Pediatrics, Vol. 4, No. 6:735-740,1984.
Graf, R. Guide to Sonography of the Infant Hip. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart and New York, 1987.
Morin, C., Harcke, H., MacEwen, G. “The Infant Hip: Real-Time US Assessment of Acetabular
Development.” Radiology, 177:673-677, December 1985.
11-4 Pediatrics
12 Emergency&Critical
The following optional emergency exam modes are available in the current system:
 EM ABD
 EM FAST
 EM OB
 EM Vascular
 EM Superficial

1. Press <Patient> and register the patient information in the relevant page under the [Patient
Info] screen.
2. Scan the desired ultrasound views and save the images.
4. Select the item/tool to start the measurement.
5. Press <Report> to view and export the measurement report.
12.2 EM Measurement Tools

The commonly used measurement tools are contained in the EM package corresponding to each
EM exam mode.
NOTE: 1. Measurement tools in each EM package depend on the specific measurement data
preset for each ultrasound system.
2. For detailed descriptions of the measurement items, see the corresponding
application chapter.
3. For more information about package preset, see “2.4.2.2 Application Measurement
Preset.”
Emergency&Critical 12-1
12.3 EM Exam Report
Each EM exam mode has its corresponding EM report. Similar to other reports, the following
functions are available in the EM report:
 Selecting anatomic diagnoses
 Editing report data and adding remarks
 Adding/deleting ultrasound images
 Changing report types
 Printing/previewing reports
 Exporting Reports
12-2 Emergency&Critical
13 Nerve
1. Press <Patient>, register patient information in proper page under [Patient Info] screen.
2. Scan the desired ultrasonic views and save image(s).
4. Select the item/tool to start the measurement.
5. Press <Report> to view and output measurement report.
13.2 Nerve Measurement Tools

There are no specific tools for Nerve by default, however, you can preset measurement tools for
Nerve using tools from other packages. For details, please refer to "2 Measurement Preset" .
NOTE: 1. Measurement tools in each EM package depend on the specific measurement data
preset for each ultrasound system.
2. For more information about package preset, see "2 Measurement Preset".
13.3 Nerve Exam Report

For details about report browsing, printing and exporting etc, see "1.7 Report".
Nerve 13-1
P/N: 046-013760-01 (1.0)

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DC-35/DC-40/DC-45/DC-40S/DC-40 Pro/DC-

Diagnostic Ultrasound System

2 Measurement Preset ................................................................................................. 2-1

3 General Measurement .............................................................................................. 3-1

4 Abdomen ................................................................................................................... 4-1

5 Obstetrics .................................................................................................................. 5-1

6 Cardiology ................................................................................................................. 6-1

7 Vascular ..................................................................................................................... 7-1

8 Gynecology ............................................................................................................... 8-1

9 Urology ...................................................................................................................... 9-1

10 Small Parts .............................................................................................................. 10-1

11 Pediatrics ................................................................................................................ 11-1

12 Emergency&Critical ................................................................................................ 12-1

Intellectual Property Statement

Release, amendment, reproduction, distribution, rental, adaptation, translation or any other

Signal word Meaning

2. Meaning of Safety Symbols

General warning, caution, risk of danger.

1.1 Basic Operations and Buttons

Basic Measurement Procedures

1.2 Measurement Menu

The location widgets are used to select the measurement locations.

To Activate the Measurement Tool

Select Measurement Method Online

1.2.3 Mode Switching

1.2.4 Measurement Library Switching

1.3 Measurement, Calculation and Study

“ ” in the preset screen ([Setup]->[Measure]).

Caliper End Symbols

1.5 Results Window

1.5.1 Results Display

1.5.2 Moving the Results Window

Assigning an Existing Application Item

Application items that meet the following requirements are displayed:

Assigning a New Application Item

Type in the new name.

Exiting Result Assignment

Auto-Spectrum Calculation Assignment

1.6 Cross-window Measurement

1.7.2 Editing Reports

Entering Ultrasound Remarks

Left Column: Images saved for the current exam.

Create, delete or rename the directory by pressing:

Analyzing Report Data

1.7.3 Viewing History Reports

1.7.4 Printing Reports

1.7.5 Fetal Growth Curve

2.1 Basic Preset Procedures

2.2 Measurement Parameters Preset

Measurement Preset 2-1

You can preset:

Left Ventricle Function Study Tool Setting

2.3 Obstetric Preset

2.3.1 Obstetric Formula

2-2 Measurement Preset

The GA and FG formulae are shown in the table below:

Measurement Preset 2-3

2-4 Measurement Preset

Fetal Weight Formulae

Measurement Preset 2-5

EFW = 10 ^ (1.304 + (0.05281AC) + (0.1938FL) -