FLT 2 - SSC JE PRE 10 OCTOBER 2023 Morning

AE-JE
SSC JE PRE FLT 2

SSC JE PRE 10 OCTOBER 2023 Morning
Q1 Allowance for contingencies can be expressed W3 = Weight of pycnometer + sample water

as a percentage of _______. W4 = Weight of pycnometer + water
(A) total cost (A) Correct
(B) supervision charges (B) Partially incorrect
(C) establishment charges (C) Partially correct
(D) rate of each item (D) Incorrect
Q2 Which of the following problems are observed Q6 The length of the horizontal transition curve
during the pouring of freshly prepared concrete based on the allowable rate change of
in hot weather? centrifugal acceleration is 48 m, and based on
(i) Rapid rate of hydration of cement the rate of introduction of super-elevation is 40
(ii) Quick setting and early stiffening m, and based on the empirical formula,
(iii) Greater plastic shrinkage recommended by IRC is 45 m. What will be the
(iv) More finishing times shift in the transition curve? Take the radius of
(A) Only (i) the curve as 200 m.
(B) Both (i) and (ii) (A) 0.42 m (B) 0.48 m
(C) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) (C) 0.33 m (D) 3.68 m
(D) Only (i), (ii) and (iii)
Q7 In the relation Δ = 8.64 B/D, if D is the duty in
Q3 In soil mechanics, the number and disposition of hectare/cumec and B is the number of days of
bore holes are varied, depending upon base period, then Δ is the _______________?
the__________________. (A) depth of water in m
(A) earth surface (B) duty in m
(B) atmosphere (C) rotation period
(C) subsoil condition (D) depth of water in cm
(D) underground water
Q8 A trapezoidal section is of depth ‘y’, base ‘B’
Q4 In general shear failure, continuous failure is and side slope ‘Z’. Find the wetted perimeter of
developed between _____. the trapezoidal section.
(A) ground surface and the footing (A) B + 2y(1 + Z2)1/2
(B) soil and failure surface (B) 2y(1 + Z2)1/2
(C) edge of the footing and ground surface (C) B + y(1 + Z2)1/2
(D) foundation and ground surface (D) y(1 + Z2)1/2
Q5 The formula for specific gravity of fine Q9 If tensile stress develops at the base of a full
aggregates as per IS 2386 (part 3) 1963, using dam, it will be first observed at the:
the pycnometer is by the following: Specific (A) mid-point of the base width
𝑊2 − 𝑊1
gravity = 𝑊2 − 𝑊1 − 𝑊3 − 𝑊4
(B) heel
Where - (C) gallery
W1 = Empty weight of pycnometer (D) toe
W2 = Weight of pycnometer + sample
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Q10 As per IS 800: 2007, in the case of the design of ii. Elasticity
steel beams, the permissible bending stress in iii. Tensile strength
tension and the permissible bending stress in (A) All of (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.
compression should NOT exceed ____ times the (B) Only (i) is correct.
yield stress (fy) of steel in a plastic and compact (C) Only (ii) is correct.
section while the beam is laterally supported. (D) (i) and (iii) are correct.
(A) 0.45 (B) 0.66
Q16 While using grading limits of the Zone-IV sand
(C) 0.75 (D) 0.60
for mortars, what is the percentage of sand
Q11 Side face reinforcement is PROVIDED in a beam that should pass through a 600 μ IS sieve?
when the depth of the web exceeds _____ mm. (A) 40% - 100% (B) 70% - 100%
(A) 250 (B) 150 (C) 80% - 100% (D) 0% - 15%
(C) 750 (D) 300
Q17 The angle of intersection of two straights is 120°.
Q12 The captain in a vessel 0.016 km above sea level Find the ratio of the length of long chord to the
observes a 0.144 km tall lighthouse on a port tangent length.
just above the horizon. The distance of the (A) √ 3 (B) 1
vessel from the port, considering both curvature (C) 1√ 3 (D) 0.866
of the Earth and refraction, is _________.
Q18 In plane surveying, level lines are considered
(A) 161.68 km (B) 116.68 km
as_______ and plumb lines are considered
(C) 61.68 km (D) 16.68 km
as_____.
Q13 Which of the following methods of quarrying is (A) parallel; straight
suitable for quarrying small, thin and regular (B) straight; straight
blocks of stones from rocks such as granite and (C) parallel; parallel
gneiss? (D) straight; parallel
(A) Blasting (B) Wedging
Q19 For an RCC beam of width 230 mm and
(C) Excavating (D) Heating
effective 300 mm subjected to a shear force of
Q14 The Department of Environment (DOE) method 69 kN due to loads what will be the nominal
is basically used for which of the following shear stress in the beam?
purposes? (A) 10 N/mm2 (B) 1 N/mm2
(i) Concrete mix design (C) 0.01 N/mm2 (D) 0.1 N/mm2
(ii) Road mix design
Q20 Polar moment of inertia about central axis of a
(iii) Mix Design with pulverized fuel ash
semi-circular lamina with radius R is given
(iv) Mix Design with GGBFS
as____.
(A) Both (iii) and (iv)
πR4 πR4
(A) (B)
(B) Both (i) and (ii) 2 8
πR4 πR4
(C) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) (C) (D)
4 16
(D) Only (i), (ii), (iv)
Q21 Select the correct option for the given
Q15 Bamboo is commonly used in the construction statements.
of scaffoldings, bridges and structures due to Statement 1 : Laminates are the production
its: made by bonding together two or more layers
i. Strong fibre content of materials.
Statement 2: High-pressure decorative

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laminates are pasted on plywood sheets, which As per IS 456:2000, the design bond stress 𝜏bd in
are used for large areas like cabinets, wide door limit state method for bars is tension for M40
shutters, tables, etc. grade of concrete is _____.
(A) Both statement 1 and statement 2 are false. (A) 1.2 N/mm2 (B) 1.7 N/mm2
(B) Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true. (C) 1.5 N/mm2 (D) 1.9 N/mm2
(C) Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true.
Q26 Find the discharge of water flowing over a
(D) Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false.
rectangular notch of length 1m when the
Q22 Which of the following is/are NOT the constant head over the notch in is 100 mm.
characteristic of traffic actuated signals? Take CD = 0.60. Given √ 2𝑔 = 4.43.
i. It is costly. (A) 56.8 litres/sec
ii. The cycle time changes as per traffic (B) 52.8 litres/sec
demand. (C) 48.5 litres/sec
iii. The cycle time changes as per the time of (D) 62 litres/sec
the day.
Q27 During the construction of sloped timber roof
iv. Computers and detectors are used to
truss, for protection of timber, which of the
operate this signal.
following is essential?
(A) Both ii and iv
(A) One coat of primer
(B) Both iii and iv
(B) Two coats of paint over primer
(C) Only iii
(C) One coat of paint
(D) Only ii
(D) Non Priming and no painting
Q23 Calculate the charges for a truck (diesel) to
Q28 A road has a design speed of 20 m/s and the
transport material for 8 hours in a day with a
radius of the horizontal curve is equal to 250 m.
rate of ₹ 200/hour.
Design the super-elevation that is needed on
(A) ₹ 1,000 (B) ₹ 1,500
this road, with lateral friction coefficient value of
(C) ₹ 1,600 (D) ₹ 2,000
0.15. (Take g = 10 m/s2)
Q24 A rectangular shape of stress distribution (A) 0.09 (B) 0.22
diagram at the base of a circular chimney is (C) 0.16 (D) 0.07
shown in figure. By referring to it, it may be
Q29 Allowable bearing capacity is defined as.
concluded that _________?
(A) net ultimate bearing capacity/FOS
(B) net safe bearing capacity + 𝜸Df
(C) net loading intensity at which soil just fails in
shear
(A) The chimney is subjected to bending stress
(D) net loading intensity at which neither shear
only
failure nor settlement failure occurs in soil
(B) The chimney is subjected to both bending as
well as direct compressive stress Q30 The design criterion for laterally supported steel
(C) The chimney is subjected to direct beams with respect to crippling recommends
compressive stress only that the maximum permissible bearing stress
(D) The chimney is subjected to wined pressure should NOT exceed __________ times of the
only yield stress of steel (fy).
(A) 0.66 (B) 0.80
Q25
(C) 0.40 (D) 0.75

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Q31 If detailed drawings are not available, the steel Q36 A semicircular lamina has radius R and diameter
reinforcement may be calculated D. Determine the moment of inertia about the
approximately on the percentage basis diametrical axis as shown below?
of___________?
(A) concrete
(B) brickwork
(C) size of bending
(D) height of building 4 4
(A) 𝜋𝐷 (B) 𝜋𝑅
32 16
𝜋𝐷4 𝜋𝑅4
Q32 According to IS 456:2000, for a cantilever beam (C) (D)
64 8
the effective length of the cantilever shall be
taken as. Q37 To avoid gas bounding, the pump is:
(A) clear span of the beam + half the effective (A) elevated (B) charged
depth (C) primed (D) heated
(B) clear span of the beam + half the width of
Q38 The vertical distance between the centre line of
the support
a pump and the point of delivery is known as
(C) clear span of the beam + width of the
______________.
support
(A) delivery head (B) total head
(D) clear span of the beam + effective depth
(C) suction head (D) dynamic head
Q33 Which of the following methods is used for
Q39 Select the correct option for the given
measuring earthwork?
statements.
(A) Area and volume shall be nearest worked
Statement 1: The placing of veneers normal to
out 0.01 m2 and 0.01 m3
each other increases the longitudinal and
(B) Volume shall be worked out to nearest to
transverse strength of plywood.
0.02 m3
Statement 2: Plywood possesses uniform tensile
(C) Area and volume shall be worked out to
strength in all directions.
nearest to 0.03 m and 0.03 m
(A) Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true
(D) The area shall be worked out to nearest to
(B) Both statement 1 and statement 2 and false
0.02 m2
(C) Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false
Q34 The length of a long wall in the long and short (D) Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true
wall method of estimation is centre to centre
Q40 Which of the given option is NOT recommended
distance between the walls and_________?
as a desirable property of the transporting
(A) one-fourth width of wall on each side
truck used for collection of municipal solid
(B) half of its width on each side
waste?
(C) width of the wall
(A) Strength and durability
(D) one-third width of wall on each side
(B) Water-tightness
Q35 Which of the following is a rain gauge adopted (C) Sharp corners and edges
as the standard recording type rain gauge in (D) Made of stainless steel
India? Its details are described in IS : 5253 - 1969.
Q41 Calculate the total charge given to three
(A) Tipping-bucket type rain gauge
laborers for their earthwork excavation, with
(B) Natural siphon of Float type rain gauge
them working from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. with an
(C) Tipping & weighing rain gauge
hourly working charge of ₹ 50.
(D) Weighing-bucket type rain gauge

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(A) ₹ 1,350 (B) ₹ 450 and Reason.

(C) ₹ 350 (D) ₹ 500 Assertion : Social upliftment of the people in
rural areas can be achieved by implementing
Q42 Which of the following assumptoins is NOT valid
proper irrigation practices.
in case of design of axially loaded compression
Reason: Irrigation will create a lot of
members in the steel design?
employment opportunities for rural people.
(A) The modulus of elasticity is assumed to be
(A) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
constant in a built-up column.
(B) Both Assertion and Reason is false.
(B) The ideal column is assumed to be
(C) Both Assertion and Reason are true and
absolutely straight with no crookedness.
Reason is the correct explanation of
(C) The modulus of elasticity is assumed to vary
Assertion.
in a built-up column.
(D) Both Assertion and Reason are true and
(D) Secondary stresses are neglected.
Reason is not the correct explanation of
Q43 __________ is the correct formula to determine Assertion.
the elevation difference (dZ) between two
Q47 In case of welded connection in steel structures,
points on the ground using a total station.
during welding, a defect is caused by coating
(VD = Vertical difference, HI = Instrument height
of the parent metal with a foreign matter and
and HR = Reflector height)
because the groove is not kept clean This
(A) dz = VD – (HI + HR)
defect is known as
(B) dz = VD (HI + HR)
(A) lack of fusion
(C) dz = VD (HI – HR)
(B) overlap
(D) dz = VD + (HI – HR)
(C) incomplete penetration
Q44 A revised estimate is prepared. (D) slag inclusino
(A) when the sanctioned estimate is likely to
Q48 If the pipes are connected in series, then the
exceed more than 5%, without structural
(A) discharge will be high and the pressure will
alternation
be low
(B) when there is material deviation of
(B) discharge will be low the pressure will be
structured nature
constant
(C) when the sanctioned estimate is likely to
(C) discharge will be constant and the pressure
exceed more than 5%, with important
will be low
structural alternations
(D) discharge will be constant and the pressure
(D) when the expendiature of the work exceeds
will be high
20% of the administrative approval
Q49 As per IS 800: 2007, which of the following
Q45 If a curve setup on a highway has a deflection
statements is correct regarding the maximum
angle of 120° between its tangents and a
slenderness ratio?
versine distance of 225 m, then the sharpness of
(A) The maximum slenderness ratio of a member
the curve subtended by an arc of length 30 m
carrying compressive loads resulting from
will be __________.
dead load and imposed loads should not
(A) 5° (B) 3°
exceed 350.
(C) 4° (D) 6°
(B) The maximum slenderness ratio of a member
Q46 Select the optoin that is appropriate regarding carrying compressive loads resulting from
the following two statements labeled Assertion

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dead load and imposed loads should not Electrostatic precipitators can collect dry or
exceed 250. wet particulates.
(C) The maximum slenderness ratio of a (D) Bag filters work on the principle of
member carry compressive loads resulting interception and electrostatic attraction.
from dead load and imposed loads should
Q55 Some steps related to collection of municipal
not exceed 180.
solid waste have been mentioned below.
(D) The maximum slenderness ratio of a
A. Collection by sweepers in small hand driven
member carry compressive loads resulting
carts.
from dead load and imposed loads should
B. Dumping into masonry chambers
no exceed 200.
constructed along roadsides.
Q50 Consider width of road 7.2 m and pedestrian C. Collection in small containers in individual
speed of 1.2 m/s, find green time for pedestrian. houses.
Consider initial walk time as 7 s. D. Collection into municipal trucks.
(A) 14 s (B) 26 s What is the correct sequence of the
(C) 6 s (D) 13 s conventional system of collection of municipal
solid waste, as per Indian scenario from start to
Q51 Shear resistance of soil can be attributed to.
end?
(A) only friction
(A) C-A-B-D (B) C-B-A-D
(B) cohesion and plasticity
(C) A-C-D-B (D) A-D-B-C
(C) cohesion and friction
(D) cohesion and pore pressure Q56 The law of flow of water through the soil was
first studied by ___________.
Q52 The optimum water content (OWC) is the
(A) Rankine (B) Boussinesq
moisture content at which the soil attains
(C) Darcy (D) Francis
______.
(A) maximum dry density Q57 Venturimeter is an application of Bernoulli’s
(B) maximum water content equation. Its basic principle also depends on
(C) minimum dry density the Bernoulli equation, which is________?
(D) fully saturated density (A) both velocity of moving fluid and pressure
within fluid constant
Q53 Pycnometer, wire mesh bucket and water are
(B) velocity of a moving fluid increases and the
used to calculate which characteristic property
pressure within the fluid decreases
of the coarse aggregate?
(C) both velocity of moving fluid and pressure
(A) Crushing strength
within fluid increases
(B) Attrition
(D) pressure within the fluid increases and
(C) Impact value
velocity of moving fluid increase
(D) Specific gravity
Q58 Match the following types of canals with their
Q54 Which of the following statements is
types of alignment.
INCORRECT?
Type of Canal Type of Alignment
(A) Collection efficiency of the cyclone collector
1. Aligned roughly at
is high for smaller particles.
A. Ridge canal right angles to the
(B) Electrostatic precipitators are widely used in
contours
thermal power plants.
(C)

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2. Aligned along the Which of following statements is incorrect

B. Contour canal
watershed regarding the fineness of cement?
3. Aligned nearly (A) The fineness of cement can be tested by
C. Side slope canal determination of the specific surface of
parallel to the contours
(A) A-1, B-3, C-2 (B) A-3, B-2, C-1 cement.
(C) A-1, B-2, C-3 (D) A-2, B-3, C-1 (B) The unit of the fineness of cement is cm3/kg.
(C) Increase in the fineness of cement increase
Q59 Due to the presence of ________, the cement the drying shrinkage of concrete.
derives the characteristic grey colour. (D) The specific surface of cement can be
(A) gypsum (B) magnesia determined by using an air permeability
(C) silica (D) iron oxide apparatus.
Q60 Which of the following is defined as the area of Q65 The roof of a room was considered as the BM.
a building measured at floor level? inverted staff reading on this BM was 3.500 m.
(A) Floor area The staff reading of point P on the ground
(B) Plinth area was1.200 m. Find the RL of point P, if the RL of
(C) Circulation area the bench mark is 100 m.
(D) Carpet area (A) 102.3 m (B) 95.3 m
(C) 97.7 m (D) 104.7 m
Q61 In an aqueduct, natural drainage is _____ the
canal. Q66 The coefficient of the volume change mv is
(A) at the level of given by __________.
−𝛥𝑒
(B) below (A) 𝑚𝑣 = 1 − 𝑒0
(C) above (B) 𝑚𝑣 =
1
𝛥𝜎'
(D) parallel to (C) 𝑚𝑣 =
−𝛥𝑒 1
1 − 𝑒0 𝛥𝜎
−𝛥𝑒 1
Q62 Which of the following types of pumps can give (D) 𝑚𝑣 =
1 + 𝑒0 𝛥𝜎
discharge even at a high pressure?
Q67 In case of a remote sensing system, which of
(A) Mono-block pumps
the following factors does NOT affect the
(B) Rotary pumps
property of a reflected incident radiation?
(C) Multistage pumps
(A) Angle of incident radiation
(D) Single-stage pumps
(B) Roughness of the surface
Q63 Which of the following statements regarding (C) Wavelength of radiation
characteristics of contour lines is INCORRECT? (D) Type of electromagnetic radiation
(A) Contour lines of different elevation cannot
Q68 Select the anthropogenic source of air pollution
cross each other.
from the given options.
(B) Contour lines close to one another indicate
(A) Burning of fossil fuels
a steep slope.
(B) Dust storms
(C) Contour lines of different elevations cannot
(C) Volcanoes
intersect.
(D) Forest fires
(D) Contour lines of different elevations can
units to form one line only in the case of Q69 Among the following, the correct sequence of
vertical cliff. WBM construction will be:
i. Preparation of subgrade
Q64
ii. Spreading of Coarse aggregates

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iii. Application of binding material Q74 As per IS:2386 (Part IV)-1963, the aggregate
iv. Application of screenings crushing value shall NOT exceed ________ for
v. Provision of lateral confinement concrete for wearing surfaces, such as runways,
(A) i, iv, ii, iii, v roads and pavements.
(B) i, ii, iv, iii, v (A) 10% (B) 20%
(C) ii, i, iv,v, iii (C) 30% (D) 40%
(D) i,v, ii, iv, iii
Q75 After compacting the subgrade, by suitable
Q70 An isolated footing of RCC is supporting a methods, the tests to ensure that the desired
pedestal. The critical section for the bending compaction has been achieved is/are:
moment should be chosen at. (A) direct shear test
(A) at the face of the column (B) compaction test and triaxial shear test
(B) halfway between the centre line and the (C) consolidation test
edge (D) moisture content and field density
(C) a distance equal to half the depth of the determination test
column from the face of the column
Q76 Which of the following types of cement gives 1-
(D) a distance equal to the depth of the column
day strength that is equal to the 3-day
from the face of the column
strength of OPC with the same water content?
Q71 Which of the following is an INCORRECT (A) Rapid hardening Portland cement
statement related to the height of the (B) Portland pozzolana cement
instrument (HI) used in leveling? (C) Ordinary Portland cement
(A) The value of HI never changes while (D) Portland slag cement
recording fore sights.
Q77 During construction, light weight aerated
(B) The value of HI generally changes before
concrete blocks are mostly used for.
recording back sights.
(A) foundation
(C) The value of HI never changes while
(B) shear walls
recording intermediate sights.
(C) load bearing walls
(D) The value of HI never changes after
(D) partition walls
Q78 2 litres of an oil weigh 16 N. Calculate the
Q72 The lining like cement concrete, pre-cast
specific gravity of the oil. Consider the density
cement concrete, etc. gives a smooth surface
of water to be 998 kg/m3.
to the canal. Smoothness of the canal bed and
(A) 0.816 (B) 0.846
the sides ______the discharge of the canal and
(C) 0.786 (D) 0.856
the duty of water.
(A) reduces Q79 ____________ is a parameter that a total
(B) neither reduces nor enhances station usually does NOT measure.
(C) doesn't affect (A) Horizontal angle
(D) enhances (B) Horizontal distance
(C) Vertical angle
Q73 Which of the following options is NOT
(D) Slope distance
considered as a component of the 3R principles
of municipal solid waste management? Q80 Under properly controlled combustion and
(A) Recover (B) Reuse temperature, what is the percentage of silica
(C) Reduce (D) Recycle

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content that can be obtained from rice husk (B) −20 kN (left), 80 kN (right)
ash? (C) 45 kN (left), 15 kN (right)
(A) 57% – 60% (D) 15 kN (left), 45 kN (right)
(B) 85% – 95%
Q86 _____________ is a type of scale on which three
(C) 40% – 50%
successive dimensions can be measured.
(D) 60% – 70%
(A) Engineer’s scale
Q81 Which of the following types of signs are used (B) Scale of chords
for place identification and route marking? (C) Diagonal scale
(A) Informatory signs (D) Vernier scale
(B) Warning signs
Q87 Which of the following is an adsorption unit
(C) Regulatory signs
used for controlling gaseous pollutants in
(D) Prohibitory signs
industries?
Q82 There are numerous benefits of irrigation like (A) Venturi scrubber
increase in food production, development of (B) Spray tower
the area and social upliftment of the people. (C) Activated carbon unit
One of the harmful effects of irrigation is _____ (D) Plate tower
(A) Control of floods
Q88 As per IS 456:2000, in the case of columns of
(B) mosquito breading and incidence of malaria
minimum dimension of 200 mm or under, whose
(C) protection from famine
reinforcing bars do NOT exceed 12 mm, the
(D) ruralisation
nominal cover used is ___________ ?
Q83 If a person studies about a fluid which is at rest, (A) 20 mm (B) 50 mm
the study is called. (C) 25 mm (D) 40 mm
(A) fluid kinematics
Q89 High water hammer pressure can cause
(B) fluid mechanics
breakage and damage to a pipeline. The
(C) fluid dynamics
property a fluid which is accountable for the
(D) fluid statics
problem of water hammer is _______.
Q84 If a liquid enters a pipe of diameter ‘d’ with (A) density
velocity ‘v’, then what will be its velocity at the (B) fluidity
exit if the diameter of the pipe reduces to 0.5d (C) surface tension
? (D) viscosity
(A) v (B) 0.5 v
Q90 The value of average bond stress 𝜏bd depends
(C) 2 v (D) 4 v
on_________.
Q85 Find the support reaction acting in the given (A) Steel strength and Area of bar
simply supported beam of length 6 m, which is (B) Concrete strength and Area of bar
subjected to a uniformly distributed load of (C) Concrete strength and Steel strength
intensity 20 kN/m on the left half span as (D) Concrete strength and type of bar
shown in the diagram.
Q91 Soon before the passing of the Air Pollution
Control Act, 1981 in India, an institute called
NEERI had conducted a survey of the prevailing
(A) 30 kN (left), 30 kN (right) air quality in 9 major cities of India. Which of the

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following cities had SO2 concentration Q96 During a leveling survey, the backsight of A was
exceeding the maximum tolerable value of found greater than the foresight reading at
3
80μg/m ? point B. which of the following is correct?
(A) Hyderabad (B) New Delhi (A) Height of instrument is required to know
(C) Kolkata (D) Ahmadabad which point is higher.
(B) Elevation of B is more than that of A.
Q92 Experimental water absorption tests are done
(C) Elevation of A is more than that of B.
on fine aggregates to find the:
(D) Either A or can have higher elevation.
(i) Water holding capacity
(ii) Strength of material Q97 The dry density decreases in cohesion less soil
(iii) Quality of material with an increase in water content due to which
(iv) Shape of aggregates of the following reasons?
(A) Only (i), (ii) and (iii) (A) Capillary rise
(B) Both (i) and (ii) (B) Bulking of sand
(C) Only (i) (C) Seepage
(D) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) (D) Specific gravity
Q93 For a closed traverse, the sum of latitudes is 4 m Q98 Rubbish in solid waste management is a
and the sum of departures is 3 m. The closing _______.
error for the traverse would be. (A) putrescible solid waste
(A) 3 m (B) 7 m (B) Nuclear solid waste
(C) 5 m (D) 4 m (C) biodegradable solid waste
(D) non-putrescible solid waste
Q94 Calculate the capital value of a building whose
rent is ₹ 10,000 per annum, inclusive of all taxes. Q99 The total head that must be produced by the
Outgoings are 18% of the gross rent, and the pump to satisfy the specific external
expected rate of return is 9% with a 60 year life requirements is called the?
of the building. (A) manometric head
(A) 81,000 (B) 91,111 (B) static head
(C) 75,000 (D) 1,01,000 (C) suction head
(D) dynamic head
Q95 The rainfall observed for five successive days in
a catchment is 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 cm. Compute the Q100 A centrifugal pump with the impeller diameter
direct runoff the catchment due to this rainfall. of 125 mm delivers a power of 10 hp. If the
The 𝜙 index for the rainfall is assumed to debt impeller diameter is changed to 250 mm, what
be 2 cm/day. will be the power delivered by the pump if other
(A) 16 cm (B) 10 cm parameters are kept constant?
(C) 12 cm (D) 8 cm (A) 100 hp (B) 80 hp
(C) 40 hp (D) 120 hp

AE-JE
Answer Key
Q1 (A) Q31 (A)
Q2 (D) Q32 (A)
Q3 (C) Q33 (A)
Q4 (C) Q34 (B)
Q5 (A) Q35 (B)
Q6 (B) Q36 (D)
Q7 (A) Q37 (C)
Q8 (A) Q38 (A)
Q9 (B) Q39 (A)
Q10 (B) Q40 (C)
Q11 (C) Q41 (A)
Q12 (C) Q42 (C)
Q13 (D) Q43 (D)
Q14 (C) Q44 (A)
Q15 (A) Q45 (C)
Q16 (C) Q46 (C)
Q17 (A) Q47 (A)
Q18 (D) Q48 (D)
Q19 (B) Q49 (C)
Q20 (C) Q50 (D)
Q21 (B) Q51 (C)
Q22 (C) Q52 (A)
Q23 (C) Q53 (D)
Q24 (C) Q54 (A)
Q25 (D) Q55 (A)
Q26 (A) Q56 (C)
Q27 (B) Q57 (B)
Q28 (D) Q58 (D)
Q29 (D) Q59 (D)
Q30 (D) Q60 (B)

AE-JE
Q61 (B) Q81 (A)
Q62 (B) Q82 (B)
Q63 (C) Q83 (D)
Q64 (B) Q84 (D)
Q65 (B) Q85 (C)
Q66 (D) Q86 (C)
Q67 (D) Q87 (C)
Q68 (A) Q88 (C)
Q69 (D) Q89 (A)
Q70 (A) Q90 (D)
Q71 (D) Q91 (C)
Q72 (D) Q92 (A)
Q73 (A) Q93 (C)
Q74 (C) Q94 (B)
Q75 (D) Q95 (B)
Q76 (A) Q96 (B)
Q77 (D) Q97 (B)
Q78 (A) Q98 (D)
Q79 (B) Q99 (A)
Q80 (B) Q100 (C)

AE-JE
Hints & Solutions

Q1 Text Solution: for foundation design and other
Contingencies: geotechnical applications.
It is an amount of money set aside to cover Presence of weak zones: Areas with soft soil,
any unexpected costs that can arise cavities, or other weaknesses need to be
throughout a construction project. identified and investigated thoroughly. This
It can be expressed as a percentage of total might require more boreholes in these areas
cost of project. compared to stable ground.
This money is on reserve and is not allocated Depth of bedrock: Understanding the depth
to any specific area of work. and characteristics of the underlying
For making any estimate workable, additional bedrock is essential for projects involving
expenses are to be added. deep foundations or excavation.
The followings are the additional expenses Slope stability: For projects on slopes, the
that are to be considered during estimates: number and location of boreholes will
a. Extra Expenses (contingencies) - 3 to 5% depend on the risk of landslides and the
b. Contract work establishments 1.5 to 2% need to assess soil strength and drainage.
c. Tools and Machinery 1 to 1.5%
Q4 Text Solution:
d. Contractor's profit - 10% General Shear Failure: This type of failure is
e. Departmental Profit - 10 to 15% seen in dense and stiff soil. The following are
Q2 Text Solution: some characteristics of general shear failure.
Hot weather effect on concreting 1. Continuous, well-defined, and distinct failure
Increased water demand for required surface develops between the edge of the
consistency. footing and the ground surface.
Rapid evaporation of mixing water. 2. Dense or stiff soil that undergoes low
Rapid slump loss. compressibility experiences this failure.
Increased plastic shrinkage. 3. Continuous bulging of shear mass adjacent
Difficulty in control of entrained air. to footing is visible.
Possible "Cold joints". 4. Failure is accompanied by tilting of footing.
Q3 Text Solution: Local Shear Failure: This type of failure is seen
In soil mechanics, boreholes are drilled to in relatively loose and soft soil. The following are
gather information about the subsurface soil some characteristics of general shear failure.
layers. The number and placement of these 1. Significant compression of soil below the
boreholes are crucial for obtaining footing and partial development of plastic
representative data on the subsoil condition of equilibrium is observed.
the site under investigation. 2. Failure is not sudden and there is no tilting of
Subsoil conditions that influence borehole footing.
number and disposition: 3. The failure surface does not reach the ground
Soil type and stratification: Different soil surface and a slight bulging of soil around the
types, such as clay, sand, and rock, have footing is observed.

4. The failure surface is not well defined.
varying properties like strength,
compressibility, and permeability. Knowing 5. Failure is characterized by considerable
the distribution of these soil layers is crucial settlement.

AE-JE
Punching Shear Failure of foundation soils: This Period: The time period that elapsed from the
type of failure is seen in loose and soft soil and instant of the showing of the crop to the instant
at deeper elevations. The following are some of its harvesting is called the base period or
characteristics of general shear failure. crop period.
1. This type of failure occurs in soil of very high The relation between Duty (D), Delta (∆), and
compressibility. Base period (B) is given as:
8.64𝐵
2. A failure pattern is not observed. 𝛥= 𝐷
3. Bulging of soil around the footing is absent. where,
4. Failure is characterized by a very large D = duty in hectare/cumec.
settlement B = base period in number of days.
Δ = depth of water in meter.
Q8 Text Solution:
Depth of trapezoidal section = y, Base = B

Side slope = 1: Z (Z = horizontal and 1 = vertical)
Area of flow = A = (B + ZY) Y
Q5 Text Solution: Hydraulic radius = R =Y/2
According to IS 2386 (Part 3) 1963, find out the Wetted perimeter = P = B + 2y(1 + Z2)1/2
specific gravity by the pycnometer:
𝑊2 − 𝑊1 Q9 Text Solution:
Specific gravity = 𝑊2 − 𝑊1 − 𝑊3 − 𝑊4 Reservoir Conditions:
Where,
W1 = Empty weight of pycnometer 1. For reservoir full condition maximum tensile
W2 = Weight of pycnometer + sample stress will be at the heel of the dam.
W3 = Weight of pycnometer + sample water 2. For reservoir full condition maximum
W4 = Weight of pycnometer + water compressive stress will be at the toe of the

dam.
Q6 Text Solution:
3. For reservoir empty condition maximum
Given,
Length of transition curve (L) = 48 m tensile stress will be at the toe of the dam.
Radius of the curve (R) = 200 m 4. For reservoir empty condition maximum
For, shift in the transition curve
compressive stress will be at the heel.
𝐿2 482
(𝑆) = 24𝑅
= 24 × 200
= 0.48
Q10 Text Solution:
Q7 Text Solution: According to IS : 800 - 2007, permissible
Duty: It is the number of hectares of land stresses in steel beams :
irrigated for full growth of a given crop by a
Type of Force Permissible Stress
supply of 1 cumec of water continuously during
Average shear 0.40 (fy)
the entire base period of that crop.
Maximum shear 0.45 (fy)
Delta: The total water depth required by a crop
to attain its full maturity in its base period. Base

AE-JE
Axial tension and The methods of quarrying the stone are as

0.60 (fy)
compression follows:
Bending 0.66 (fy) (A) Heating:
Bearing 0.75 (fy) Heating is most suitable for quarrying small,

thin, and regular blocks of stones from
Q11 Text Solution: rocks, such as granite and gneiss.
Side face reinforcement: Side face A heap of fuel is piled and Fred is on the
reinforcement is longitudinal reinforcement surface of the rock in a small area.
which is provided to prevent buckling of shear The two consecutive layers of the rocks
reinforcement separate because of the uneven expansion
of the two layers.
The loosened rock portions are broken into
pieces of the desired size and are removed
with the help of pick-axes and crowbars.
Stone blocks so obtained are very suitable
for coarse rubble masonry.
Side face reinforcement shall be provided as (B) Excavating:
per Cl. 26.5.1.3 and 26.5.17(6) of IS 456:2000
Stones buried in the earth or under loose
Beam depth > 450 mm (if beam subjected to overburden are excavated with pickaxes,
torsion) crowbars, chisels, hammers, etc.
Beam depth > 750 mm (if beam not (C) Blasting:
subjected to torsion) In this method, explosives are used to
Provide @ 0.1% of web area and distribute it convert rocks into small pieces of stones.
equally on both side faces This method is used when the stone to be
Q12 Text Solution: excavated is of very hard variety and has no
Let, d1 be the distance of the observer from the cracks or fissures.
horizon and d2 distance of the lighthouse from Moreover, if a stone is to be excavated on a
the horizon. very large scale, the blasting method will
d1 = 3 . 8553√ℎ1 𝑘𝑚 have to be adopted.
d2 = 3 . 8553√ℎ2 𝑘𝑚 After blasting, the excavated stone is sorted
Where h1 = the height of the observer's eye into different sizes and categories.
above the sea level (meter), h2 = The top of the Explosives such as blasting powder, blasting
lighthouse above the sea level (meter) cotton, dynamite, and cordite are used.
d1 = 3.8553 √ℎ1 (D) Wedging:
d1 = 3.8553 √ 16 This method is mainly used for the rocks of
d1 = 15.4212 km ...(i) sedimentary type, which is comparatively
d2 = 3.8553 √ℎ2 soft, such as sandstone, limestone, marble,
d2 = 3.8553 √ 144 slate, and laterite.
d2 = 46.2636 km ...(ii) In this method, first of all naturally occurring
From equation (i) and (ii) cracks or fissures are located in the rocks, to
The distance of the vessel from the port ( d ) = d1 be excavated.
+ d2 The steel wedges or points are then driven
d = 15.4212 + 46.2636 = 61.6848 km with the help of a hammer, in hammer
Q13 Text Solution: fissures or cracks and stones are detached.

AE-JE
The split-out blocks of stone can be 5. Unlike other building materials like cement
converted into marketable forms and and asbestos, bamboo poses no danger to
supplied to users. health.
Q14 Text Solution: 6. They are cost-effective and easy to use.
The Department of Environment’s Design 7. They are especially in great demand in
Method (DOE Method): earthquake-prone areas.
This method of concrete mix design or Q16 Text Solution:

proportioning mainly is based on the extensive As per IS:383, recommends the following
field and laboratory experiments carried out by grading limit for fine aggregates:
Road Research Laboratory U.K. Sieve
The Department of Environment method is Size (mm Grading Grading Grading Grading
used for: or Zone-I Zone-II Zone-III Zone-IV
1. Concrete mix design micron)
2. Concrete Pavement mix design 10 mm 100 100 100 100

3. Concrete Mix Design with pulverized fuel ash 4.75 mm 90-100 90-100 90-100 95-100
4. Concrete Mix Design with Ground granulated 2.36 mm 60-95 75-100 85-100 95-100
blast furnace slag (GGBFS) 1.18 mm 30-70 55-90 75-100 90-100
600
Q15 Text Solution: 15-34 35-59 60-79 80-100
micron
Bamboo as a building material has high
compressive strength and low weight and has 300
5-20 8-30 12-40 15-50
been one of the most used building materials micron
as support for concrete, especially in those 150

0-10 0-10 0-10 0-15
locations where it is found in abundance. micron
Bamboo as a building material is used for the Q17 Text Solution:
construction of scaffolding, bridges and Given,
structures, and houses. Angle of intersection = 120º
Advantages of Bamboo as a Building Material Deflection angle (Δ )=180º – angle of
The various advantages of bamboo are intersection
mentioned below: (Δ) = 180º – 120º = 60º
1. Tensile strength: Bamboo has higher tensile Ratio =
Length of long chord (L)
Tangent length (T)
strength than steel because its fibers run axially. 2Rsin
Δ
Δ
2
2. Fire Resistance: The capability of bamboo to = Δ = 2cos 2
Rtan
2
60°
resist fire is very high and it can withstand = 2cos = 2cos30°
2
temperatures up to 4000 °C. This is due to the = 2× √3
= √3
2
presence of high values of silicate acid and
Q18 Text Solution:
water.
Plane Surveying
3. Elasticity: Bamboo is widely preferred in
In this type of surveying, the mean surface of
earthquake-prone regions due to its elastic
the earth is considered as a plane, and the
features.
spheroidal shape is neglected.
4. Weight of bamboo: Bamboo due to its low
All triangles formed by survey lines are
weight is easily displaced or installed making it
considered plane triangles.
very easy for transportation and construction.

AE-JE
The level line is taken as straight, and all laminates in larger applications like cabinets,
plumb lines are considered to be parallel. doors, and tables.
Plane surveying is done for smaller areas in Q22 Text Solution:
consideration i.e Areas < 195km2 Actuated signals
Q19 Text Solution: In this type of signal system, signal timings
Given, are completely influenced by the traffic
Width of beam (B) = 230 mm volume as detected on all approach
Effective depth of beam (d) = 300 mm roads(where as it is not influenced as per the
3
Shear force (V) = 69 kN = 69 × 10 N time of the day)
v
Nominal shear stress ( τ ) = Bd
Initial cost is very high for the installation of
69 × 103 traffic signals.
= 230 × 300
= 1 N/mm 2 Sensors and detectors are used to operate
the signals.
Q20 Text Solution:
Semi actuated signal
Polar Moment of Inertia is a measure of an
In this type of signal system, timings are
object's capacity to oppose or resist torsion
affected when vehicles are detected.
when some amount of torque is applied to it
Suitable only when low volume Road
on a specified axis.
intersects, high volume Road.
Polar Moment of inertia also known as the
Fixed time signal
second polar moment of area is a quantity
The timing of each phase of the cycle is fixed
used to describe resistance to torsional
based on the traffic studies.
deformation.
Signals time cycle does not change with
It is denoted as I, or J.
respect to the change in traffic flow at the
Moment of inertia of the circle :
πr4
intersection.
Ixx = Iyy =
4
πr4 πr4 πr4 Q23 Text Solution:
Ip = Ixx + Iyy = + = (for circle)
4 4 2 Given,
Area moment of inertia of circle is :
πr2
Charges of truck per hour = Rs. 200
Ip = 2 Work in a day = 8 hours
Area moment of inertia of a semi circle would Total charges per day = Total hours × charge of
be half of that of a circle truck per hour
πr4
Ixx = Iyy = 8 = 200 × 8 = Rs. 1600
By adding "xx" axis and "yy" axis
πr4 πr4 πr4
Q24 Text Solution:
Ip = Ix + Iy = + =
8 8 4 Stress distribution diagram at the base of a
Q21 Text Solution: circular chimney:
Laminates: Laminates are constructed by Wind pressure(P) acting on the chimney
bonding together multiple layers of different • Let wind pressure(P) kN/m2 act on the left side
materials. They offer several advantages like of the chimney the height and diameter of the
increased strength, flexibility, and resistance to chimney are h and D respectively.
heat and wear. • The direct stress is the same base on the
High-pressure decorative laminates are chimney because the weight or load of the
commonly used for surfaces on furniture, walls, chimney is uniformly distributed in the base
and other interior design elements. Plywood area.
sheets typically serve as the substrate for these

AE-JE
Direct stress (σd ) =

Weight of Chimney (W) Concr
Area of Chimney (A)
ete
• Bending stress at the base of the chimney due
WSM 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
to wind pressure
M LSM - 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9
Bending stress ( σb ) = Z
Note –
Where,
For deformed bars, these values shall be
M = Moment generated due to wind pressure
increased by 60%.
Z = Section modulus of chimney
For bars in compression, the value of bond
Let the maximum stress at the base of the
stress for bars in tension shall be increased
chimney be σmax and the minimum stress at the
by 25%.
base of the chimney be σmin.
σmax = σd + σb Q26 Text Solution:
σmin = σd – σb Given that,
Rectangular notch length (L) = 1 m
Constant head over the notch (H) = 100 mm or
0.1 m
CD = 0.60, √ 2𝑔 = 4.43
2
For, 𝑄 = 3 𝐶𝑑 × 𝐿 × √ 2𝑔 × 𝐻3 / 2
2
𝑄 = 3 × 0.60 × 1 × 4.43 × 0.13 / 2
Q = 56.035 litres/sec
Q27 Text Solution:
1. To completely seal and prime new timber we

would recommend that use at least two
coats.
2. The first coat is there to seal the timber and
will mostly be absorbed into the wood.
3. The second coat then rejuvenates the
• As the question σmax is equal to σmin, we can pervious coat and gives you a smooth and
conclude that there is no bending force complete finish.
occurring due to wind action and hence only
force acting on base is its own dead load(direct Q28 Text Solution:
compressive load) and the stress diagram will Given,
look like below. Design speed (V) = 20 m/s = 72 km/h
Radius of horizontal curve (R) = 250 m
Friction coefficient (f) = 0.15
g = 10 m/s2
Step 1 :
Q25 Text Solution: v2 722
eequilibrium = = = 0 . 092
As per IS 456:2000 225 R 225 × 250
eequilibrium > emax (0.07), then go for step 2.
The values of bond stress are for plain bar in
Step 2 :
tension v2
e+f=
Grad M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 M40 127 R
v2
e of f= 127 R
− emax
2
72
f= 127 × 250
− 0 . 07 = 0 . 093

AE-JE
Here, f < 0.15, then provide, e = emax = 0.07. (i) For raft footing – 0.5% to 0.8%
So, rate of super elevation is provide 0.07. (ii) For slab/lintel – 0.7% to 1%
Q29 Text Solution: (iii) For beams – 1% to 2%
Allowable bearing capacity: Allowable bearing (iv) For columns – 1% to 5%
capacity is the maximum pressure that can be Q32 Text Solution:

applied to the soil without causing either shear Effective span for Simply supported beam:
failure (where the soil collapses along a certain The effective span of a simply supported beam
plane) or settlement failure (where the soil is taken as the least of the following:
compresses excessively, leading to uneven a) Clear span + the effective depth of the
settling of structures). beam.
Ultimate bearing capacity: It is the minimum b) Center to center (c/c) distance between
pressure at the base of the foundation soil that supports.
fails in shear. Cantilever beam:
Safe bearing capacity: It is the maximum The effective length of a cantilever beam is
pressure at which soil can carry without shear taken as its length to the face of the supports +
failure. half the effective depth except where it forms
Net load intensity: It is the minimum net load at the end of a continuous beam.
which shear failure of soil can occur. Q33 Text Solution:
Q30 Text Solution: Degree of accuracy (As per IS: 1200)
As per IS 800 : 2000, permissible stresses in Dimension shall be measured upto 0.01 m. (If
steel structures members: it is more than 25 m it is measured upto 0.1 m)
Permissible Factors of Area shall be measured upto 0.01 m2
Types of stress
stress (MPa) safety Volume shall be measured upto 0.01m3
Axial tensile Mass shall be measured upto 1 kg.
0.60 fy 1.67 Wood work shall be measured upto 0.002m3
stress
Max. axial Reinforement shall be measured upto
0.005m
compression 0.60 fy 1.67
stress Thickness of slab projected outside the
beam or column shall be measured upto
Bending tensile
0.005 m
and
0.66 fy 1.515
compressive Q34 Text Solution:
stress Long wall-short wall method/PWD method
Average shear
0.40 fy 2.5
stress
Maximum
0.45 fy 2.22
shear stress
Bearing stress 0.75 fy 1.33
Q31 Text Solution:

If detailed drawings are not available, the steel
reinforcement may be calculated 𝑊 𝑊
Length of long wall = 𝐿 𝑋 + 2
+ 2
approximately on the percentage basis of 𝑊 𝑊
Length of short wall = 𝐿𝑌 − 2 − 2
concrete.

AE-JE
Q35 Text Solution: Q38 Text Solution:

Non-Recording Rain Different types of the head in centrifugal
Recording rain gauge
gauge pump:
Natural syphon float Symon's type Manometric Head
type Most widely adopted in ‘Manometric head’ of a pump is the total
Gives a mass curve India as nonrecording head produced by the pump to satisfy
of rainfall. type. specific external requirements. If there are no
Standard rain Do not record the energy losses in the impeller and casing of
gauge adopted in rain the pump (valid in an ideal or theoretical
India. but only collect the situation only), the manometric head will be
Tipping Bucket type rain. equal to the energy given to the liquid by the
Installed in hilly or Gives depth of impeller.
inaccessible areas. rainfall in 𝑃𝑑 𝑉2 𝑃𝑠 𝑉2
∴𝐻𝑚 = 𝛾
+ 2𝑔𝑑 + ℎ − 𝛾
+ 2𝑔𝑠
Gives data on the cm
Suction Head
intensity of rainfall. Gives depth of
A suction head is a measure of the pressure
Weighing Bucket type rainfall in cm
experienced by a fluid on the suction side of
Gives mass curve of
a centrifugal pump. It is used to avoid
rainfall
running a pump under conditions that favor
Q36 Text Solution: cavitation.
The suction head refers to the difference in
level between the water in the sump to the
centerline of the pump.
Delivery head
The total delivery head is defined as the
Moment of inertia about diametrical axis – work that needs to be performed by the
𝜋𝑅
4 pump to pump the medium with reference to
𝐼𝐴𝐵 = 8 a defined unit of weight.
Q37 Text Solution: The vertical distance between the centre line
Priming of the pump and the water surface in the
It is an operation in which the suction pipe, tank to which water is delivered is known as
casing of the pump, and a portion of the delivery head.
delivery pipe are completely filled up by an Static head
water from an outside source before starting The addition of the suction head and the
the pump. delivery head is known as a static head.
In other words, priming is the process in
Q39 Text Solution:
which the impeller of a centrifugal pump will
Plywood:
get submerged in liquid without any air trap
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
inside. It is always advisable to start pump
recommends a moisture content of 5% -15%
only after priming.
by weight for plywood. Moisture content
Priming is an operation that generally
above or below this range can have adverse
happens in the centrifugal pump. Priming is
effects on the manufactured products and
required in order to drive out the air voids
the environment.
present, which otherwise would make the
operation of the pump ineffective.

AE-JE
The plywood boards are prepared from thin Charges of work, per labour in total working
layers of wood or veneers. So Plywood is hours = 9 × 50 = 450 Rs.
specified by the number of layers. Total charges by three labour = 1350 Rs.
The three or more veneers in odd numbers Q42 Text Solution:
are placed one above the other with the Compression member: A compression member
direction of grains of successive layers at is a structural member which is straight and
right angles to each other. subjected to two equal and opposite
They are held in position by application of compressive forces applied at its ends.
suitable adhesives. The placing of veneers Assumptions made while designing a
normal to each other increases the compression member (or column):
longitudinal and transverse strengths of The ideal column is assumed to be
plywood. absolutely straight having no crookedness,
The tensile strength and compressive
which never occurs in practice.
strength along(parallel) the grain shall be The modulus of elasticity is assumed to be
greater than that across(normal) the grain. constant in a built-up column.
Q40 Text Solution: Secondary stresses (which may be of the
The desirable property of the transporting order of even 25%-40% of primary stresses)
truck used for collection of municipal solid are neglected.
waste:
Q43 Text Solution:
(1) Strength and durability Total Station
(2) Water - tightness A total station is an electronic theodolite and
(3) Made of stainless steel etc. an electronic distance meter (EDM). This
Strength and durability: These are essential for combination makes it possible to determine the
a truck that carries heavy loads and operates coordinates of a reflector by aligning the
in different conditions. instrument’s cross hairs on the reflector and
Water-tightness: Prevents leaks and helps simultaneously measuring the vertical and
maintain hygiene by containing the waste and horizontal angles and slope distances.
preventing odours. Total Stations only measure three parameters :
Made of stainless steel: This material is resistant
to corrosion and easier to clean, promoting 1. Horizontal Angle
better sanitation. 2. Vertical Angle
Note : Sharp corners and edges can cause 3. Slope Distance
injuries to workers during loading and unloading Horizontal Distance
of waste. They can also damage containers Hd = Sd cos (90 – Za) = Sd sin Za
and collection points. Therefore, smooth where Sd is the slope distance and Za is the
surfaces and rounded edges are preferred for zenith angle. The horizontal distance will be use
safety and efficiency. in the coordinate calculations.
Q41 Text Solution: Vertical Distance
Given, dZ = VD + (HI – HR)
Labours = 3 Vertical difference between two points = VD
Working time = 9 am to 6 pm Instrument height = HI
Total hours = 9 hours Reflector height = HR
working charge = 50 Rupees Elevation difference (dz)

AE-JE
The quantities HI and HR are measure and Q46 Text Solution:

recorded in the field. The vertical difference VD Proper irrigation practices can indeed
is calculated from the vertical angle and the contribute to the social upliftment of people in
slope distance rural areas. This is because reliable access to
VD = Sd sin (90 – dz) = Sd cos dz water for agriculture leads to several positive
Q44 Text Solution: outcomes:
Revised estimate Increased agricultural productivity: Farmers
The revised estimate is a detailed estimate for can grow more crops and have higher yields,
revised quantities and the rate of items of works leading to greater income and improved food
security.
originally provided in the estimate without
Diversification of crops: With stable water
material deviation of a structural nature from
supply, farmers can experiment with new crops
the design originally approved for a project.
and agricultural practices, potentially
It is required to be prepared for the following
increasing income and resilience.
reasons:
Improved employment opportunities: Irrigation
i) When a sanctioned estimate is likely to
exceed by more than 5% either from the rates can create jobs in various sectors like
being found insufficient or from cause construction, maintenance of irrigation
whatsoever except important structural infrastructure, and processing of agricultural
alteration. produce.
ii) When the expenditure of works exceeds or is So irrigation provide source of income , that
can provide social upliftment of the people in
likely to exceed by more than 10% of the
rural areas can be achieved by implementing
administrative approval (for work more than 5
proper irrigation practices.
lakhs)
iii) When there are material deviations from the Q47 Text Solution:
original proposal but not due to the material Types of defects in Welding:
deviation of a structural nature. Incomplete Penetration
iv) When it is found that the sanctioned When butt welding, incomplete penetration
estimate is more than the actual requirement. typically happens because the joint
thickness doesn't entirely fill the space
Q45 Text Solution:
between the metals.
Given,
This indicates that the joint is not fused on
Deflection angle (D) = 120°
one side in the root.
Versine distance (M) = 225 m
Arc length = 30 m Lack of fusion
Mid-ordinate (M) = R1 − cos

Δ Lack of fusion results from foreign debris
2
Δ Δ coating the parent metal and from improper
Versine 2
= 1 − cos 2
cleaning of the groove.
The mid-ordinate of the curve is also known as
These are typically found in welds where the
the versine of the curve.
120° welding operator has improperly
225 = R1 − cos 2
manipulated the electrode or employed
225 = R1 − cos 60°
incorrect welding variables.
R = 450 m
1720 Lack of fusion problems can also result from
R= D
1720 1720 improper joint fit and design.
D= =
R 450 Slag Inclusions
D = 3.8° ≃ 4°

AE-JE
An inclusion is a solid foreign matter that is

entrapped during welding. It can be a
metallic inclusion such as tungsten, copper
or other metal or a slag inclusion which may
be linear, isolated or grouped.
It can also be a non-metallic inclusion such
as sulphide and oxide which are a product of Q49 Text Solution:
chemical reactions, physical effects and Maximum
Type of member
contamination which occurs during welding. slenderness ratio
Over-roll/Overlap A member carrying
The weld metal that covers the parent metal compressive loads resulting
180
surface at the weld's toe but hasn't fused to from the dead load and the
it is this. Usually brought on by an incorrect imposed load
torch angle and a slow travel speed. A tension member in which a
Q48 Text Solution: reversal of direct stress
180
(1) Pipe is connected in series– occurs due to loads other
Pipes in series is defined of different lengths than wind and seismic forces
and different diameters connected end to A member subjected to
end. compression force resulting
In connection, discharge will be constant only from combination with
and the pressure will be high. wind/earthquake actions,
250
Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = constant provided the deformation of
4f1 L1 v21 4f2 L2 v22 such members does not
H= + + ⋯
2g × d1 2g × d2
adversely affect the stress in
any part of the structure
Compression flange of a
beam against lateral 300
torsional buckling
(2) Pipe connected in parallel– A member normally acting
A main pipe which divides into two or more as a tie in a roof truss or a
branches and again join together downstream bracing system not
to form a single pipe, then the branch pipes are considered effective when
said to connected in parallel. subjected to a possible 350
The rate of flow in the main pipe is equal to the reversal of stress into
sum of rate of flow through branch pipe compression resulting from
Q = Q1 + Q 2 the action of wind
In this arrangement, the loss of head for each earthquake forces.
branch pipe is same. Member always under
4f1 L1 v21 4f2 L2 v22
= tension (other than pre- 400
2g × d1 2g × d2
tensioned members)
Q50 Text Solution:

Given,
Width (W) = 7.2 m

AE-JE
Pedestrian speed (Sp) = 1.2 m/s Q53 Text Solution:

Initial walk time = 7s Pycnometer, wire mesh bucket and water are
For Green time used to calculate Specific gravity of course
(G ) = Initial walk time +
1 aggregate. Specific Gravity is defined as the
pedestrain speed
7.2
ratio of Weight of Aggregate to the Weight of
= 7 + 1.2 = 7 + 6 = 13 𝑠
equal Volume of water. The specific gravity of
Q51 Text Solution: an aggregate is considered to be a measure of
As per Mohr-Coulomb criteria, Shear strength strength or quality of the material. Aggregates
of soil is given as: having low specific gravity are generally weaker
𝝉 = C + σ tan𝜙 than those with high specific gravity. The
Where, pycnometer method is used to determine
C is the Cohesion specific gravity and water content.
σ is normal stress
𝜙 is the friction angle
From the above, it can be concluded that
1. It increases with an increase in the normal

stress.
2. It is proportional to the cohesion of the soil
i.e. increases with an increase in cohesion.
3. It increases with increases in friction angle.
W1 = Mass of empty volume of pycnometer
Q52 Text Solution: W2 = Mass of pycnometer + Mass of moist
Compaction Curve of Soil: The compaction sample
curve is the curve drawn between the water W3 = Mass of pycnometer + soil + water
content (X-axis) and the Respective dry density W4 = Mass of pycnometer full of water
(Y-axis). The observation will be Initially an G = Specific gravity of soil solids
Increased dry density with an increase in the The specific gravity of the soil sample is given
water content. Once it reaches a particular by
point a decrease in dry density is observed. The 𝐺=
𝑊2 − 𝑊1
𝑊2 − 𝑊1 - 𝑊3 − 𝑊4
maximum peak point of the soil compaction
curve obtained is called the Maximum Dry Q54 Text Solution:
density value. The water content that Electrostatic precipitators
corresponds to this point is called the Optimum Electrostatic precipitators are used to
water content (O.W.C) or Optimum Moisture remove the fine particles like smoke and dust
from the flowing gas.
Content (O.M.C).
It is a commonly used device for air pollution
control and mostly used in steel plants,
thermal power plants etc.
It uses an electric charge to remove
particulate matter either in the form of solid
or liquid droplets from air or other gases in
smoke stacks or other flues.
The particulates which can be dry or wet, fall
into a hopper at the bottom of the unit.

AE-JE
They are extremely effective and are hydraulic gradient (i) for any given saturated soil
capable of removing more than 99% of under steady laminar flow conditions.
particulate matter of size smaller than 10 μm
size.
Cyclone separators
Most cyclones are built to control and
remove particulate matter is larger than 10
μm. However, high efficiency cyclones are
also available that are designed to remove
the particles as small as 2.5 μm.
In this system, a whirling column of gas is Q57 Text Solution:
produced by means of axial tangential and Bernoulli's Principle is given by Swiss physicist
into the cylindrical body. Daniel Bernoulli derived an expression
As the cylindrical body is rotated due to relating the pressure to fluid speed and
centrifugal force wing on the particles, It height in 1738.
makes them move to the periphery of the Bernoulli's Principle is based on the Law of
gas stream and in the runs they collide with conservation of energy.
the walls of the cyclone well, thus separating Bernoulli's Principle states that the sum of the
them due to their mass. pressure energy, kinetic energy, and potential
Bag filters energy per unit volume of an incompressible,
Bag filters operate primarily through non-viscous fluid in a streamlined flow
mechanisms like interception (particles remains constant.
1
collide with and stick to the filter fibers) and, P + 2 ρν2 + ρgh = constant
in some cases, electrostatic attraction
(where charged particles are attracted to
oppositely charged filter surfaces).
Q55 Text Solution:

The sequence of the conventional system of
collection of municipal solid waste–
1. Collection in small containers in individual
houses. In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states
2. Collection by sweepers in small hard driven that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs
carts. simultaneously with a decrease in static
3. Dumping into masonry chambers constructed pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential
long road sides. energy.
4. Collection into municipal trucks
Q58 Text Solution:
Q56 Text Solution: 1. Ridge Canal
The flow of free or gravitational water through a • It is also called a watershed canal.
soil mass was first studied by Henry Darcy a • Aligned along the ridge or natural watershed
French hydraulic engineer. line.
Darcy's law states that there is a linear • Can irrigate areas on both sides of the ridge.
relationship between flow velocity (v) and • Cross drainage work not requires.
• They are economical.

AE-JE
Percent
Constitue age
Role in Cement
nt Range
(%)
Primary contributor to
Calcium
strength and hardening
Oxide 60-67
through hydration reactions
(CaO)
2. Contour canal with water.
• Aligned nearly parallel to the contours of the Provides structure and
country. Silicon strength to the cement
• Can irrigate areas only on one side. Dioxide 20-25 matrix. Reacts with CaO to
• Cross drainage works are required. (SiO2) form calcium silicate
minerals.
Increases setting time and
Aluminum improves workability.
Oxide 4-8 Forms calcium aluminate
(Al2O3) minerals that contribute to
early strength.
Influences clinker color and
Ferric
affects setting time. Plays a
Oxide 2-6
role in strength
(Fe2O3)
development.
Magnesiu Improves cement soundness
3. Side Slope Canals
m Oxide 0.5-5 and prevents excessive
• Aligned roughly at right angles to the contour
(MgO) expansion or cracking.
of the country.
Acts as a flux during clinker
• It is neither on the watershed nor in the valley. Sulfur
formation but needs to be
• In can irrigate areas only on one side. Trioxide 1-3
controlled to avoid sulfate-
• It is roughly parallel to the drainage of the (SO3)
related expansion issues.
country, so cross drainage works are not
required.
• It has a very steep bed slope Q60 Text Solution:
1. Plinth area– The built up covered area of a
building measured at floor level of any storey.
2. Floor area– It is the plinth area excluding
area of walls.
Floor area = Plinth area – Wall area
3. Carpet area– The covered area of the
useable spaces of rooms at any floor is termed
as carpet area.
4. Circulation area– Area that is helpful in
Q59 Text Solution: movement of people through the building
Different constituents of OPC– around the building.

AE-JE
hence this cross drainage work is known as

syphon aqueduct.
Q61 Text Solution:

Aqueduct
• An aqueduct is a hydraulic structure which Q62 Text Solution:
carries a canal (through a trough) across and Rotary pumps are positive displacement
above the drainage similar to a bridge in which pumps. Rotary pumps have two or more
instead of the road or a railway, a canal is rotating components. The discharge of rotary
carried over a natural drain. components remains almost the same
irrespective of pressure. They can give
discharge even at high pressure. In the other
options, the type of pumps mentioned is all
non-positive displacement types.
Q63 Text Solution:

Characteristics of Contour line:
Closed contour lines with higher values inside
show a hill. The variation of the vertical
• In the case of an aqueduct, HFL (highest flood
distance between any two contour lines is
level) of the drainage should remain lower than
assumed to be uniform.
the level of the underside of the canal trough.
Contour lines having the same elevations
• The drain flows at atmospheric pressure under
cannot unite and continue as one line.
the work.
Similarly, a single contour cannot be split into
• Generally, an inspection road is provided
two lines
along with the trough
The horizontal distance between any two
Syphon aqueduct
contour lines indicates the amount of slope
• A syphon aqueduct is a cross drainage
and varies inversely on the amount of slope.
structure similar to an aqueduct except that
The steepest slope of terrain at any point on
the streambed is depressed locally where it
a contour is represented along the normal of
passes under the trough of the canal and the
the contour at that point. They are
barrels discharges the streamflow under
perpendicular to ridge and valley lines where
pressure.
they cross such lines.
• A syphon aqueduct is constructed where the
Contours do not pass through permanent
water surface level of the drain at high flood is
structures such as buildings.
higher than the canal bed.
Contours of different elevations can cross
• The horizontal floor of the barrels is provided
each other in the case of caves and
with slopes at its ends to join the drain bed on
overhanging cliffs.
either side.
Contours of different elevations cannot unite
• The drain water flows under pressure through
to form one contour (a vertical cliff is an
the barrels which act as inverted syphons and
exception).

AE-JE
Equally spaced contour represents a uniform volumetric strain per unit increase in applied
slope and contours that are well apart pressure,
−𝛥𝑉 −𝛥𝑒
indicate a gentle slope. 𝑉0 1 + 𝑒0
Thus 𝑚𝑣 = =
𝛥𝜎¯ 𝛥𝜎¯
Closely spaced contours indicate a steep −𝛥𝑒 1
𝑚𝑣 = 1 + 𝑒0 𝛥𝜎¯
slope.
Whereas in the case of depressions, lakes, Q67 Text Solution:
etc. the higher figures are outside and the The following factors affect the property of
lower figure is inside. reflected incident radiation:-
(1) Angle of incident radiation : The angle of
Q64 Text Solution:
incident radiation is the angle between the
The following properties is regarding the
incoming radiation and the normal to the
fineness of cement–
surface. The angle of incident radiation affects
1. The fineness of cement can be tested by
the reflection of the radiation, as it determines
determination of the specific surface of cement.
the amount of energy that is incident on a unit
2. The unit of the fineness of cement is cm2/kg
area of the surface. The smaller the angle, the
3. Increase in the fineness of cement increase
more energy is incident on the surface, and vice
the drying shrinkage of concrete.
versa.
4. The specific surface of cement can be
(2) Roughness of the surface : The roughness of
determined by using an air permeability
the surface is the degree of variation of the
apparatus.
surface features, such as bumps, cracks,
Q65 Text Solution: texture, etc. The roughness of the surface
Given, affects the reflection of the radiation, as it
RL of Bench Mark = 100 m determines the mode of reflection, which can
The staff reading on point "P" = 1.200 m be either specular or diffuse. Specular reflection
occurs when the surface is smooth and the
radiation is reflected in a single direction, like a
mirror. Diffuse reflection occurs when the
surface is rough and the radiation is reflected in
multiple direction.
(3) Wavelength of radiation : The wavelength
of radiation is the distance between two
successive crests or troughs of the
electromagnetic wave. The wavelength of
Height of Instrument = RL of Bench Mark – Back
radiation affects the reflection of the radiation,
Sight (in inverted condition)
as it determines the degree of interaction with
HI = (100.00 – 3.500) m
the surface features, such as absorption,
HI = 96.500 m
transmission, and reflection. Different
RL of point "P" = HI – Staff reading on point "P"
wavelengths of radiation have different levels of
= (96.500 – 1.200 )m
penetration and sensitivity to the surface
= 95.300 m
properties, such as colour, temperature,
Q66 Text Solution: moisture, etc.
Coefficient of the volume change (mv): The Note: The property of a reflected incident
coefficient of volume change is defined as the radiation depends on the wavelength of the
radiation, not the type. The type of

AE-JE
electromagnetic radiation refers to the (2) CI. 34.2.3.2 of IS 456 : 2000, The greatest
classification of the radiation based on its bending moment to be used in the design of an
wavelength and frequency, such as visible, isolated concrete footing which supports a
infrared, microwave, etc. column, pedestal or wall shall be the moment
Q68 Text Solution: computed in the manner prescribed in 34.2.3.1
Pollution enters the Earth's atmosphere in many at sections located as follows:
different ways. The man-made sources of At the face of the column, pedestal, or wall,
pollution are called anthropogenic sources. for footings supporting a concrete column,
pedestal, or wall;
The sources of air pollution are,
Halfway between the center-line and the
1. Natural: Volcanoes, forest fires, dust storms, edge of the wall, for footings under masonry
etc. walls;
2. Man-made: Gases from industries, Burning Halrfway between the face of the column or
of fossil fuels, domestic use, automobiles, pedestal and the edge of the gusseted
mining, nuclear power plants, nuclear base, for footings under gusseted bases.
explosions, etc.
Q71 Text Solution:
Q69 Text Solution: Height of instrument
Water-bound macadam roads: In this method, It is the elevation or reduced level of the line of
the broken stones of the base course and sight with respect to the datum.
surface course, if any, are bound by the stone HI = Backsight + Elevation of Bench Mark
dust in the presence of moisture. The roads Backsight (BS) :
whose wearing course consists of clean crushed It is the staff reading taken on the point of
aggregates, mechanically interlocked by rolling the known elevation as on a benchmark (BM)
and bound together with filler material and or change point. The backsight reading is
water and laid on a well-compacted base the first staff reading taken after the level is
course, are called water-bound macadam set up and leveled at the point. It is also
roads. known as Plus sight.
Process of WBM: The value of HI generally changes before
1. Preparation of subgrade
E.g., If the elevation of any point (P) is known
2. Provision of lateral confinement
then the staff reading on station P is known
3. Spreading of coarse aggregate
as a Back sight-reading.
4. Application of screenings
Foresight (FS) :
5. Application of binding material
It is a staff reading taken on a point whose
elevation has to be determined thorough the
Q70 Text Solution: leveling process. It is also known as minus
(1) CI. 34.2.3.1 of IS 456 : 2000, The bending sight. The foresight is also taken towards a
moment at any section shall be determined by change point. It is the last reading taken
passing through the section a vertical plane before the instrument is shifted.
which extends completely across the footing The value of HI never changes while
and computing the moment of the forces recording fore sights.
acting over the entire area of the footing on E.g., If the elevation fo station Q is to be
one side of the said plane. determiend, then the staff reading taken on
station Q is called Foresight.

AE-JE
Intermediate sight : The aggregate impact value

It is the staff readings taken on staff held at should not exceed 30% for
other points whose elevations are to be surface course 35% for base
determined before the foresight is taken. course
Intermediate sights are all staff readings Measures resistance to wear.
between the BS and FS. Abrasion value should not
Abrasion Test
The value of HI never changes while exceed35% for bituminous
recording intermediate sights. concrete 50% for base course
Q72 Text Solution: Measures resistance to
Canal lining: It is the process of covering or weathering action.
Soundness
lining the earthen surfaces of a canal with loss in weight should not exceed
Test
stable, non-erodible lining surfaces such as 12% for Na2SO4 and 15% for
concrete, tiles, asphalt etc. The lining gives a MgSO4
smooth surface to the canal. Q75 Text Solution:
The smoothness of the canal bed and sides After compacting the subgrade, testing the
increases the velocity of flow which further moisture content and field density is essential
increases the discharge of the canal. to ensure the desired compaction has been
Due to the increased discharge, the duty of achieved. Moisture content indicates the
water will be more. So, to increase the duty, amount of water present, affecting soil density.
the canal surface should be made smooth.
Field density measurement assesses the
The lining like cement concrete, pre-cast
compactness of the soil in its actual location.
cement concrete etc gives smooth surface to
These tests collectively provide a
the canal.
comprehensive evaluation of the compaction
Q73 Text Solution: process and its effectiveness.
Waste minimization can be achieved in an Q76 Text Solution:
efficient way by focusing primarily on the first
Rapid hardening portland cement (IS:8041 -
of the 3R, "reduce," followed by "reuse" and
1990)
then "recycle."
It contains more C3S and less C2S than OPC.
The goal of the 3R's is to educate people on
1 Day strength of Rapid hardening cement
how to prevent excessive and unnecessary
(RHC) = 3 Day strength of OPC with same
waste and to limit the consumption of non-
w/c ratio
renewable resources. The initial setting time is 30 minutes and the
Q74 Text Solution: final setting time is 600 minutes
Aggregate It hardens fast but has the same setting time
Characteristics
Test as OPC.
Measures resistance to crushing It is useful in cold weather concreting.
under gradually applied Not used for a massive concrete structure.
compressive load. Aggregate Q77 Text Solution:
Crushing Test
crushing value should not Light weight aerated concrete blocks
exceed 30% for the surface Lightweight blocks are produced in greater
course 45% for the base course volume but are less strong than dense
Impact Test Measures resistance to sudden concrete blocks.
load impact.

AE-JE
Lightweight concrete blocks are used in both gel which determines the pozzolanic activity
internal and external walls where loading is of the RHA.
slightly more restricted, or as infill blocks in Q81 Text Solution:
beam and block flooring. Informative Signs: The type of signs used for
It can also use in partition wall. place identification and route marking are
Q78 Text Solution: Informatory signs. They provide information
Voil = 2 litres about the location, direction, distance, and
Woil = 16 N other relevant details to help travelers navigate
3
ρw = 998 kg/m efficiently.
𝑀 𝑊 16
𝜌𝑜𝑖𝑙 = = = = 815.494 𝑘𝑔 / 𝑚 3
Shape: Usually rectangular with a blue
𝑉 𝑔×𝑉 9.81 × 2 × 10-3
Specific gravity of oil (S.Goil) background and white symbols or text.
𝜌𝑜𝑖𝑙
=
815.494
= 0.817 Examples: Town name signs, Exit signs,
𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 998
directional arrows, distance markers, rest area
Q79 Text Solution: signs, etc.
Total Station: A total station is an
Q82 Text Solution:
electronic/optical instrument used in modern
Excess irrigation and unscientific use of
surveying and building construction that uses
irrigation water may give rise to the following ill-
electronic transit theodolite in conjunction with
effects :
an electronic distance meter (EDM). It is also
integrated with a microprocessor, electronic 1. Breeding Places for Mosquitoes: Due to
data collector, and storage system. It is a excess application of water, and due to
combination of an electronic theodolite for leakage of water, ponds and depressions
measuring horizontal and vertical angles, an get filled up with water and create breeding
electromagnetic distance measurement (EDM) places for mosquitoes. Also, if the canal is
device for measurement of slop distances, and leaky, mosquitoes breed all along the canal
onboard software to convert the raw observed and spread malarial conditions.
data to three-dimensional coordinates. 2. Water-Logging: If the water table is near the
Hence, Total Station can directly be used to ground surface, over-irrigation may raise the
calculate- Horizontal angles, Vertical angles, water table. This saturates the crop root-
and Sloping distances. zone completely, causes efflorescence and
Q80 Text Solution: the whole area becomes waterlogged.
Rice husk ash: 3. Damp Climate: The areas which are already
damp and cold, become damper and colder
Rice husk ash has a high surface area, which
due to irrigation.
comes from the microporous structure of the
ash particles.
Q83 Text Solution:
When obtained from controlled combustion
Fluid mechanics: Fluid mechanics is that branch
the average composition of well-burnt RHA
of science that deals with the behavior of the
is 90% amorphous silica, 5% carbon, and 2%
fluids (liquids or gases) at rest as well as in
K2O.
motion. Thus this branch of science deals with
Rice husk ash must be burnt at between
the static, kinematics and dynamic aspects of
550ºC and 800ºC to achieve that state.
fluids.
The combustion process creates a
Fluid statics: The study of fluids at rest is called
secondary Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H)
fluid statics.

AE-JE
Fluid kinematics: The study of fluids in motion, Note :- Venturi scrubber, spray tower, and plate
where pressure forces are not considered, is tower are not adsorption units. Venturi scrubber
called fluid kinematics. is a type of wet scrubber that uses a high-
Fluid dynamics: If the pressure forces are also velocity stream of water to remove pollutants
considered for the fluids in motion, that branch from a gas stream. Spray tower is another type
of science is called fluid dynamics. of wet scrubber that uses water sprays to
Q84 Text Solution: remove pollutants from a gas stream. Plate
Pipe diameter at entry (d1) = d tower is a type of distillation column used in
Velocity (v1) = v chemical engineering for separating liquid
Exit diameter (d2) = 0.5d mixtures.
Velocity (v2) = ? Q88 Text Solution:

Due to continuity equation The design parameters for an RCC column as
a1v1 = a2v2 per IS 456:2000, provisions are specified
𝜋 2 𝜋 2
4
× 𝑑 × 𝑣 = ( 0.5𝑑 ) × 𝑣2
4
below:
v2 = 4v 1. In the case of columns of a minimum
dimension of 200 mm or under, whose
Q85 Text Solution:
reinforcing bars do not exceed 12 mm, a
nominal cover of 25 mm may be used.
2. For a longitudinal reinforcing bar in a column
nominal cover shall in any case not be less than
Σfy = 0 40 mm or less than the diameter of such bar.
RA + RB = 20 × 3 3. The minimum number of longitudinal bars
RA + RB = 60 kN provided in a column shall be four in
ΣMA = 0 rectangular columns and six in circular columns.
3
20 × 3 × = 𝑅𝐵 × 6 4. A reinforced concrete column having helical
2
RB = 15 kN (right support) reinforcement shall have at least six bars of
RA = 60 - 15 = 45 kN (left support) longitudinal reinforcement within the helical
reinforcement.
Q86 Text Solution:
Diagonal Scales
Diagonal Scale is used to represent three Q89 Text Solution:
consecutive units i.e. a unit and its immediate Water Hammer:
two sub-divisions. For example When a liquid flow in a long pipeline is reduced
(a) meter, decimeter, and centimeter suddenly, due to the compressibility of the
(b) kilometer, hectometer, and decameter liquid, the sudden change in momentum would
(c) yards, feet, and inches etc. cause a pressure surge to develop. This pressure
A diagonal scale can be measured more moves through the pipe at high speed and
accurately than a plain scale. undergoes reflection at the ends and the
phenomenon is known as water hammer.
Q87 Text Solution:
The pressure rise due to water hammer
Activated carbon, also known as activated
depends upon the following factors:
charcoal, is a form of carbon processed to have
The velocity of flow of water in the pipe.
small, low-volume pores that increase the
The length of the pipe.
surface area available for adsorption.

AE-JE
Time is taken to close the valve or the closure Delhi 296-481 Trace-39
of the valve. Hyderabad 255-295 26-27
Elastic properties of the material of the pipe. Jaipur 222-379 Trace-17
The density of fluid.
Kanpur 206-344 10-25
Q90 Text Solution: Madras 106-169 10-25
'Bond' in reinforced concrete is the adhesion
Nagpur 159-386 10-12
(adhesive force) between the reinforcing
steel bar and the surrounding concrete. Q92 Text Solution:
The average bond stress depends on the water absorption tests are conducted to find
concrete strength and the type of bar. the water-holding capacity, strength of
Due to this bond, it is possible to transfer the material, and quality of material. Water
axial force from the reinforcing steel to the absorption tests can indeed provide insights
surrounding concrete thereby introducing into these aspects. Fine aggregates' ability to
strain compatibility and hold water is crucial for understanding their
composite/combined action of steel and porosity and permeability, which are indicators
concrete which avoids slippage of reinforced of their quality and potential strength.
bars from within the concrete. Limits: The water absorption of aggregates
As per IS 456:2000 ranges from 0.1 to 2.0%.
The values of bond stress is for plain bar in Q93 Text Solution:
tension Given,
Grade Sum of latitude (ΣL) = 4m
of Sum of departures (ΣD) = 3 m
M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 M40*
Concret closing error ( 𝑒 ) = √𝛴𝐿 2 + 𝛴𝐷2
e = √42 + 32 = 5 𝑚
WSM 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 Q94 Text Solution:
LSM – 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 Given,
For deformed bar, the above values should Total income by rent = 10,000 Rs.
be increased by 60%. Outgoing = 18% gross rent
For bar in compression, the above value Net Rent = Gross Rent − Outgoings
should be increased by 25%. Outgoings = 0.18×10,000 = ₹1,800
Q91 Text Solution: Net income by rent = 10,000 – 1,800 = ₹ 8200
Air pollution control Act, 1981 in India– Rate of return (r) = 9%
Net Rent
Ambient air quality monitoring was initiated in 9 Capital Value =
Rate of Return
8200
cities where zonal laboratories are located. Capital Value = 0 . 09
= 91, 111 . 11Rs
suspended particulate matter (SPM), sulphur
dioxide (SO2), sulphation rate (SR), oxidation of Q95 Text Solution:
nitrogen (NOx) and dust fall (DF) were selected. Time 𝜙-index
Annual Summary of air quality for 1979 Rainfall Runoff
period (cm/day Remark
(cm) (cm)
(hrs) )
City SPM (μg/m3) SO2 (μg/m3) 2 1 2 0 P=𝜙
Mumbai 197-285 20-83 3 1 2 1 P>𝜙
Kolkata 413-5172 28-85 4 1 2 2 P>𝜙

AE-JE
5 1 2 3 P>𝜙 Rubbish: Rubbish is a general term applied to

6 1 2 4 P>𝜙 solid wastes originating in households,
Total runoff = 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 cm in a period commercial establishments and institutions,
of 5 hours. excluding garbage and ashes.
Rubbish in solid waste management is a
Q96 Text Solution:
nonputrescible solid waste.
In levelling
The density of rubbish usually varies between
(a) If backsight is less than foresight (BS < FS),
50 to 400 kg/m3.
then backsight station is at higher point than
foresight station. Q99 Text Solution:
(b) If backsight is more than foresight (BS > FS), Manometric Head (Hm) : The total head that
then backsight station is at lower point than the must be produced by the pump to satisfy the
foresight station specific external requirements is called the
So in question manometric head. If there are no energy losses
During a levelling survey, the backsight of A was in the impeller and casing of the pump (valid in
found greater than the foresight reading at an ideal or theoretical situation only), the
point B. So like this elevation of B is more than manometric head will be equal to the energy
that of A. given to the liquid by the impeller.

Pd V2d Ps V2s
∴ Hm = γ
+ 2g
+h− γ
+ 2g
Q100 Text Solution:

As per the affinity law, the relationship between
the power and diameter of the impeller is given
by:
𝑃 𝛼 𝐷2
Q97 Text Solution: Where P is shaft power, D is the diameter of the
The dry density of cohesionless soils such as impeller
sand decreases with a rise in water content Given, Delivers power (P1) = 10 hp, Impeller
mainly because of the phenomenon known as diameter (d1) = 125 mm
"bulking of sand." Delivers power (P2) = ?, If Impeller diameter (d2)
When water is added to sand, a film of water = 250 mm
forms around the sand particles leading to the So,
𝑃2 𝐷2 2
increase in volume or "bulking." This thin film of =
𝑃1 𝐷1
water pushes the sand particles apart, which 𝑃2 250 2
=
10 125
leads to an increase in the volume of the sand, 𝑃2
=4
consequently . 10
P2 = 40 hp
Q98 Text Solution:

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AE-JE

SSC JE PRE FLT 2

Q1 Allowance for contingencies can be expressed W3 = Weight of pycnometer + sample water

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(A) ₹ 1,350 (B) ₹ 450 and Reason.

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2. Aligned along the Which of following statements is incorrect

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Q2 (D) Q32 (A)

Q3 (C) Q33 (A)

Q4 (C) Q34 (B)

Q5 (A) Q35 (B)

Q6 (B) Q36 (D)

Q7 (A) Q37 (C)

Q8 (A) Q38 (A)

Q9 (B) Q39 (A)

Q10 (B) Q40 (C)

Q11 (C) Q41 (A)

Q12 (C) Q42 (C)

Q13 (D) Q43 (D)

Q14 (C) Q44 (A)

Q15 (A) Q45 (C)

Q16 (C) Q46 (C)

Q17 (A) Q47 (A)

Q18 (D) Q48 (D)

Q19 (B) Q49 (C)

Q20 (C) Q50 (D)

Q21 (B) Q51 (C)

Q22 (C) Q52 (A)

Q23 (C) Q53 (D)

Q24 (C) Q54 (A)

Q25 (D) Q55 (A)

Q26 (A) Q56 (C)

Q27 (B) Q57 (B)

Q28 (D) Q58 (D)

Q29 (D) Q59 (D)

Q30 (D) Q60 (B)

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Q61 (B) Q81 (A)

Q62 (B) Q82 (B)

Q63 (C) Q83 (D)

Q64 (B) Q84 (D)

Q65 (B) Q85 (C)

Q66 (D) Q86 (C)

Q67 (D) Q87 (C)

Q68 (A) Q88 (C)

Q69 (D) Q89 (A)

Q70 (A) Q90 (D)

Q71 (D) Q91 (C)

Q72 (D) Q92 (A)

Q73 (A) Q93 (C)

Q74 (C) Q94 (B)