Que: I.

Multiple Choice Questions – Tick mark (√) the correct choice :

1. Which of the following is not a habitat ?

(a) Plants in a forest
(b) Fish in the lake
(c) Chairs in a classroom
(d) Frog in water and on land
Answer: option (c) Chairs in a classroom is correct.
2. Hydrilla is a ……………… aquatic plant.
(a) Submerged
(b) Floating
(c) Free-floating
(d) Any of the above
Answer: option (a) Submerged is correct.
3. Which of the following is a floating aquatic plant.
(a) Hydrilla
(b) Water lily
(c) Cactus
(d) None of these
Answer: option (b) Water lily is correct.
4. If tree are cone-shaped and have sloping branches, what does it indicate about the habitat in which the tree is found ?
(a) Desert habitat
(b) Very cold habitat
(c) Mountain habitat
(d) Aquatic habitat
Answer: option (c) Mountain habitat is correct.
5. Which feature helps birds to fly in air ?
(a) Presence of oil glands
(b) Presence of wings and feathers
(c) Presence of fins
(d) All the above.
Answer: option (c) Presence of fins is correct.

Que: II. Select the odd one out, giving reason :

Question: 1. Cactus, Agave, Acacia, Hydrilla
Answer: Hydrilla
Explanation – Hydrilla is an aquatic plant whereas others are desert plants.
Question: 2. Opuntia, Pine, Juniper, Fir
Answer: Opuntia
Explanation – Opuntia is it is a xerophyte and is found in deserts while the others are mesophytes and are found in mountains.

Que: III. Fill in the blanks :

1. The presence of special features which enable an organism to live in a particular habitat is called adaptation.
2. Organisms living on land are called terrestrial organisms.
3. Amphibious organisms are found in both water and land.
4. Aquatic habitat refers to organisms found in a habitat with water.

Que: IV. Answer the following questions :

Question: 1. Define the following :
(i) Habitat
Answer: Habitat is the dwelling place or the natural home of an organism that provides both food and shelter and also a suitable breeding place.
(ii) Adaptation
Answer: Important changes in the body or behavior of an organism that enables it to survive better in a habitat are called adaptations.
Question: 2. Why in floating aquatic plants, stem is thin and flexible ?
Answer: The roots of these plants do not reach the soil on the waterbed and they float freely on the surface of the water. Floating aquatic plants are small-sized, very light, spongy, and have air-filled
spaces between their cells. Roots are reduced and the stem is thin and flexible to float freely on the surface of the water
Question: 3. Leaves in Hydrilla are long and thin. Why?
Answer: In Hydrilla, thin ribbon-like leaves are present that make it easier for the plant to move around in the water. Hydrilla is a submerged plant (Rooted plants that remain hidden under the water’s
surface are known as submerged plants) with no stomata and a waxy cuticle on the leaves. The cuticle helps in preventing the plant from getting wet. Small, hollow stems enable these plants to float
upright in the water and reduce water resistance. Hydrophytes either have very simple roots or none at all.
Question: 4. How water loss is prevented in desert plants?
Answer: Some desert plants store water in their leaves, stems, or roots. Others have thick, waxy skin that helps prevent water loss. Some desert plants have small leaves that help reduce evaporation.
Others have deep taproots that help them reach the underground water sources.
Question: 5. What are the adaptations found in a desert animal like camel ?
Answer: Camels are adapted to live in extreme environments, both hot and cold. Unlike a lot of other mammals, most of a camel’s fat is stored in its humps, which allows for better thermoregulation. It
makes it easier for them to release heat from their bodies in hot weather. Camels rarely sweat.
Question: 6. Name the adaptations found in (a) penguins and polar bears, (b) trees found in mountain regions, (c) aerial plants, (d) birds.
Answer: Name the adaptations found:
Adaptations in penguins:
 They have thick skin and a lot of fat to keep them warm in the cold.

 To remain warm, they huddle together in small groups.

 They have webbed feet and streamlined bodies when swimming, making them excellent swimmers.
Adaptations in polar bears:
 They have thick fur on their body to give warmth and protection from cold temperatures.

 White skin color helps to hide in snow as it merges with snow color.

 They have thickly padded feet, with thick fur to enable them to walk on snow.
The adaptations found in trees of mountain regions:
 Branches are sloping.

 Trees have a cone shape.

  The leaves have a needle shape.

 The accumulation of snow is prevented by special structures.

 Thick bark on trees.

Adaptations in Aerial plants:
 Aerial plants live in air and are generally part of the rainforests.

 Formation of breathing roots and prop roots from aerial plants are two types of adaptations.
Adaptations in Birds:
 Birds have a streamlined body that is covered with feathers. The forelimbs of the birds are well-developed and modified into wings for flying. …

 The body shape of the birds reduces resistance to air during flight.

 Birds have a beak instead of a mouth. …

 Birds breathe or respire through their lungs.

A. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. Animals, plants and microorganisms represent Biotic component of the habitat.
2. Duckweed is a floating aquatic plant.
3. Leaves in xerophytes are modified into spines.
4. Camels is called ship of the desert.
5. Pine and fir trees are found in mountain habitat.

B. Give one word for the following:

Question: 1. Animals adapted to fly in air.
Answer: Birds (Aves)
Question: 2. The place where an animal or plant live and breed.
Answer: A habitat
Question: 3. Structures that help fish in swimming.
Answer: Fish Fins
Question: 4. Organs that are used by fish for exchange of gases (O 2 and CO2 ) in water.
Answer: Respiratory structures called gills
Question: 5. Habitat that provides extreme cold condition, thin air and low oxygen concentration.
Answer: Polar habitat
Question: 6. Plants that have succulent green stem with spines.
Answer: Cactus
Question: 7. Plants that live in water.
Answer: Aquatic plants
Question: 8. Trees that do not lose or shed leaves in winter.
Answer: Evergreen plants
Question: 9. Trees that have needle-shaped leaves and cone-like appearance.
Answer: Conifers

C. Give main function of each of the following:

Question: 1. Waxy covering on the surface of leaves in hydrophytes.
Answer: Hydrophytes are water loving plants. The hydrophytes with floating leaves have large leaves, stomata and waxy coating on the upper surface. The waxy coating prevent wetting and clogging of
stomata.
Question: 2. Caudal fin in fishes
Answer: The caudal fin, or tail fin, is located at the end of a fish and provides the power to move a fish forward. It also acts like a rudder to help a fish steer. Caudal fins come in a variety of shapes – forked,
heart-shaped, square or rounded. The shape corresponds to the cruising speed of the fish.
Question: 3. Feathers on the body of birds
Answer: Function of feathers of bird:
● To keep the body warm and light
● To help flying
● To help in steering and rudder
Question: 4. Padded feet in camel.
Answer: Function of padded feet in a camel : Padded feet help camel to walk on hot and slippery sand without sinking.

D. Answer these questions:

Question: 1. Define the term habitat. Name its types.
Answer: Habitat: A habitat is a place where organisms lives and their habitat provide them with food, water, air, light, shelter, and a place of breeding.
Components of Habitat : Habitat has two components
 Abiotic or physical components such as air, water, soil, and light.

 Biotic or living components such as plants and animals.

Types of habitat: Habitats are of two types
 Terrestrial (Desert, Mountain, Polar, Forest & Grassland)

 Aquatic (Freshwater & Marine)

Question: 2. Name any two aquatic adaptations common for fish and whale.
Answer: Both the whales and the fishes have a streamlined body and fins. Fins help with swimming underwater and change directions. The streamlined body helps move through water without the viscous
drag.
Question: 3. Give two adaptations in desert plants for conserving water.
Answer: The two adaptations of desert plants that enable them to survive a scarcity of water are:
 Desert plants have fleshy stems, known as succulent stems, that can store water.

 The leaves of many desert plants, such as cacti are modified into spines to reduce loss of water.
Question: 4. Write main adaptations in fir and pine trees for mountain life.
Answer: Write main adaptations in fir and pine trees for mountain life:
 Branches are sloping.

 Trees have a cone shape.

 The leaves have a needle shape.

 The accumulation of snow is prevented by special structures.

 Thick bark on trees.

Question: 5. Name the types of terrestrial habitats.
Answer: Types of Terrestrial Habitats:
 Forests.

 Deserts.

 Mountains.

 Grasslands.
Question: 6. Differentiate between desert and mountain habitats.
Answer: Mountain – A landform that rises above the surrounding area and that is higher than a hill.
Desert – A barren region that is usually hot and dry; deserts usually have sandy or rocky soil, and very little plant life or rain.
Question: 7. Name the structures that help birds to fly.
Answer: Wings and Feathers: Wings are an obvious adaptation for flight. They are actually modified front legs. Birds move their wings using muscles in the chest. These muscles are quite large, making up
as much as 35 percent of a bird’s body weight.
Question: 8. What is the use of lateral line system for fish.
Answer: The lateral line, also called the lateral line organ (LLO), is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water.

E. Match the columns:

Column A Column B

1. Sparrow (a) Floating aquatic plant

2. Hydrilla (b) Flight adaptation

3. Pine (c) Mountain adaptation

4. Lily (d) Evergreen tree

5. Cleft hoofs (e) Submerged aquatic plant

Answer:
Column A Column B

1. Sparrow (a) Flight adaptation

2. Hydrilla (b) Submerged aquatic plant

3. Pine (c) Evergreen tree

4. Lily (d) Floating aquatic plant

5. Cleft hoofs (e) Mountain adaptation

F. Encircle the odd one out. Give reasons for your choice:
Question: 1. Air bladder, gills, hollow bones, scales
Answer: Odd one out: hollow bones
Give reasons: Present in a bird’s body. It has air cavities inside the bone.
Question: 2. Eichhornia, hydrilla, lotus, lily
Answer: Odd one out: hydrilla
Give reasons: It is a submerged aquatic plant that is a complete underwater plant.
Question: 3. Needle-like leaves, ribbon-like leaves, plate-like leaves, strap-like leaves
Answer: Odd one out: Needle-like
Give reasons: Pine is a conifer i.e. plant which grows in mountains. It has needle-like leaves.
Question: 4. Wings, hollow bones, feathers, fur on the body
Answer: Odd one out: fur on the body
Give reasons: Mountain animals have fur in the body which helps to protect them against the chilly winter climate

G. Give reasons for the following:

Question: 1. Stem of cactus plant is thick and spongy.
Answer: Adaptation in desert plants: They have long roots to obtain water from deep layers of soil. The stem is spongy and succulent and adapted to store water. Desert plants modify leaves into thorns to
reduce water loss from stomata in hot desert conditions. Example: Cactus. Agaves.
Question: 2. The seeds of Maple and Drumstick have parachute-like structure.
Answer: The seeds of maple and drumstick have parachute like structure because they have to go a long distance by Wind pollination. The wind carry away the seeds and help them to grow in any other
place.
Question: 3. In floating plants roots are reduced and stem is thin and flexible.
Answer: The roots of these plants do not reach the soil on the waterbed and they float freely on the surface of the water. Floating aquatic plants are small-sized, very light, spongy, and have air-filled
spaces between their cells. Roots are reduced and the stem is thin and flexible to float freely on the surface of the water.
Question: 4. In birds bones are light and hollow, filled with air cavities.
Answer: Birds, bones are light and hollow, filled with air cavities to make the body weigh light for flight in the air.
Question: 5. Mountain goats have double layers of woolly coat.
Answer: Mountain goats have double layers of wooly coats to protect them against the chilly winter climate.

H. Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Animals that undergo hibernation during winter
(a) Live in ponds and lakes
(b) Live on mountains
(c) Live in sea
(d) Live in desert
Answer: option (b) Live on mountains is correct.
2. Light and hollow bones are found in
(a) Xerophytes
(b) Aerial animals
(c) Aquatic animals
(d) Animals living on trees
Answer: option (b) Aerial animals is correct.
3. Swollen petiole is present in
(a) Hydrilla
(b) Vallisneria
(c) Water hyacinth
(d) Pine
Answer: option (c) Water hyacinth is correct.
4. Biotic components of an habitat are
(a) Animals
(b) Green plants
(c) Both animals and plants
(d) Trees alone
Answer: option (c) Both animals and plants is correct.
5. Which of the following is not a xeric adaptation in xerophytes
(a) Succulent and spongy stem
(b) Thick cuticular covering
(c) Mucilaginous coating
(d) Reduced leaves
Answer: option (b) Thick cuticular covering is correct.
6. Feet have cloven hoofs in
(a) Camel
(b) Bear
(c) Mountain goat
(d) Leopard
Answer: option (d) Leopard is correct.
7. Tail feathers in birds and caudal fin in fish act as
(a) Balancer to balance the body
(b) Rudder for changing the direction and speed
(c) Stabiliser to stabilise body at a specific height or depth
(d) None of the above
Answer: option (b) Rudder for changing the direction and speed is correct.