Code No: R1932024 R19 SET - 1

III B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, June-2022

DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
*****
UNIT-I
1. a) State sampling theorem. Explain how an analog signal can be [8M]
reconstructed.
b) Mention various advantages and disadvantages of digital [7M]
control systems.
(OR)
2. a) What is the significance of sample and hold circuit? Explain the [8M]
following parameters for sample and hold:
(i) Acquisition time
(ii) Aperture time
(iii) Settling time
(iv) Hold-mode droop
b) Describe frequency-domain characteristics of a zero-order hold. [7M]
UNIT-II
3. a) State and prove the following theorems of z-transforms: [8M]
(i) Shifting theorem (ii) Initial-value theorem

b) Obtain the inverse z-transform of the following: [7M]

𝑧 −3 𝑧 −1 (1−𝑧 −2 )
(i) 𝑋(𝑧) = (1−𝑧 −1 )(1−0.2𝑧 −1 ) (ii) 𝑋(𝑧) = (1+𝑧 −2 )2

(OR)
4. a) The input and output of a sampled data system is given by the [8M]
difference equation
𝑦(𝑘 + 2) + 3𝑦(𝑘 + 1) + 4𝑦(𝑘) = 𝑟(𝑘)
Determine the pulse transfer function. The initial conditions
are y(0) = 0, y(1) = 1.
b) State and prove differentiation in z-domain property of [7M]
z-transform.
UNIT-III
5. a) Explain any one method of evaluation of state transition matrix. [8M]
b) What is the importance of eigenvalues and state transition [7M]
matrix? Explain.
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 Code No: R1932024 R19 SET - 1

(OR)
6. a) Investigate the controllability and observability of the following [8M]
system:
𝑥1 𝑘 + 1 0 1 𝑥1 𝑘 1
= + u(k)
𝑥2 𝑘 + 1 −4 −4 𝑥2 𝑘 0
𝑦1 𝑘 1 0 𝑥1 𝑘
=
𝑦2 𝑘 0 1 𝑥2 𝑘

b) Explain the discretization of continuous-time state equations. [7M]

UNIT-IV
7. a) Using Jury‟s stability criterion, determine the stability of the [8M]
following discrete-time systems:
(i) 𝑧 3 + 3.3𝑧 2 + 4𝑧 + 0.8 = 0 (ii) 𝑧 3 − 1.1𝑧 2 − 0.1𝑧 + 0.2 = 0
b) Describe the primary strips and complementary strips. [7M]
(OR)
8. a) Use the Routh-Hurwitz criterion to find the stable range of K for [8M]
the closed-loop unity feedback system with loop gain
𝐾(𝑧 − 1)
𝐹(𝑧) =
(𝑧 − 0.1)(𝑧 − 0.8)

b) Explain the mapping between s-plane and z-plane. [7M]

UNIT-V
9. a) The closed loop transfer function for the digital control system [8M]
C ( z) z  0.5
is given as  . Find the steady state errors
R( z ) 3( z  z  0.5)
2

and error constants due to step input.

b) Write the design procedure of lag compensator in w-plane. [7M]

(OR)
10. a) The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback digital [8M]
K ( z  0.5) ( z  0.2)
control system is given as G( z ) 
( z  1) ( z 2  z  0.5)
Sketch the root loci of the system for 0 < 𝐾 < ∞. Indicate all
important information on the root loci.
b) List out the steady state specifications. And explain them [7M]
briefly.

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 Code No: R1932024 R19 SET - 2
III B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, June-2022
DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
*****

UNIT-I
1. a) Explain digital control systems with proper block diagrams. [7M]
b) Distinguish continuous-time and discrete-time signals with [4M]
examples.
c) Specify various advantages of digital control systems. [4M]
(OR)
2. a) What is the necessity of sample and hold? Sketch the block [8M]
diagram of sample and hold, and explain its principle of
operation.
b) Explain the conditions to be satisfied for reconstruction of a [7M]
continuous-time signal from sampled signal.
UNIT-II
3. a) State and prove any two theorems of z-transforms. [8M]
b) Obtain the inverse z-transform of the following in the closed [7M]
form:
0.368𝑧 2 +0.478𝑧+0.154 𝑧+2
(i) 𝐹1 = (ii) 𝐹2 =
𝑧 2 (𝑧−1) 𝑧 2 (𝑧−2)
(OR)

4. a) Given the z-transform X(z) =

1−𝑒 −𝑎𝑇
, where “a” is constant [8M]
𝑧−1 𝑧−𝑒 −𝑎𝑇
and “T ” is sampling period, determine inverse z transform
𝑥 (𝑘 𝑇) by the use partial fraction expansion method.
b) Obtain the relationship between z- and s-domain. [7M]
UNIT-III
5. a) Obtain the state space representation of discrete time systems [8M]
using Jordan canonical form.
b) Consider the discrete control system represented by the [7M]
1+0.8𝑧 −1
following transfer function: G(z) = 1−𝑧 −1 +0.5𝑧 −2 .
Obtain the state representation of the system in the observable
canonical form. Also find its state transition matrix.

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 Code No: R1932024 R19 SET - 2

(OR)
6. a) Describe the design of reduced order state observer with a neat [8M]
block diagram.
b) Explain the necessary and sufficient conditions for pole [7M]
placement.
UNIT-IV
7. a) Discuss the stability analysis of discrete control system using [8M]
modified Routh stability.
b) Explain in detail about primary and complementary strips. [7M]
(OR)
8. a) Construct the Jury stability table for the following [8M]
characteristic equation P(z) = 𝑎0 𝑧 4 + 𝑎1 𝑧 3 + 𝑎2 𝑧 2 + 𝑎3 𝑧 + 𝑎4
where a0>0. Write the stability conditions.
b) Describe the mapping between s-plane and z-plane. [7M]
UNIT-V
9. a) The open loop transfer function of a unity-feedback digital [8M]
𝐾(𝑧 2 +0.8𝑧+0.5)
control system is given as F(z) = . Sketch the root
(𝑧−1)(𝑧 2 −𝑧+0.2)
loci of the system for 0 < 𝐾 < ∞. Indicate all important
information on the root loci.
b) List out the transient response specifications and explain in [7M]
brief.
(OR)
10. a) Derive the transfer function of lead compensator. [8M]

b) Write the expressions for static position error constant and [7M]
steady state error in response to a unit step input in discrete
time systems.

*****

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 Code No: R1932024 R19 SET - 3

III B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, June-2022

DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
*****

UNIT-I
1. a) Distinguish analog and digital control systems. [8M]
b) Illustrate the step motor control discrete data control system. [7M]
(OR)
2. a) Explain frequency domain characteristics of zero order hold [8M]
circuit.
b) Explain how sampling theorem can be used for data [7M]
reconstruction.
UNIT-II
3. a) Explain how inverse z-transform can be obtained using partial [8M]
fraction expansion method.
b) Obtain the z-transform of x(t) = 𝑡 2 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 , where „a‟ is a constant. [7M]
(OR)
4. a) Explain the procedure for obtaining the pulse transfer function [8M]
of a closed loop transfer function.
b) Consider the following pulse transfer function system: [7M]
𝑌(𝑧) 𝑧 −1 (1 + 0.8𝑧 −1 )
=
𝑈(𝑧) 1 + 1.3𝑧 −1 + 0.4𝑧 −2
Test the state controllability and observability.
UNIT-III
5. a) Obtain the state equations of discrete data systems with sample [8M]
and hold.
b) A discrete-time system has state equation [7M]
0 −1
𝑥 𝑘+1 = 𝑥(𝑘)
−5 −3
Use Cayley-Hamilton approach to find out its state transition
matrix.

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 Code No: R1932024 R19 SET - 3

(OR)
6. a) Investigate the controllability and observability of the following [8M]
system.
𝑥1 𝑘 + 1 1 −1 𝑥1 𝑘 1
= + u(k)
𝑥2 𝑘 + 1 2 2 𝑥2 𝑘 0
𝑦1 𝑘 1 0 𝑥1 𝑘
=
𝑦2 𝑘 0 1 𝑥2 𝑘

b) State and prove the properties of state transition matrix. [7M]

UNIT-IV
7. a) Determine the stability of characteristic equation by using [8M]
Jury‟s stability tests
𝑧 4 − 1.2𝑧 3 + 0.07𝑧 2 + 0.3𝑧 − 0.08 = 0

b) Explain the primary strips and complementary strips? [7M]

(OR)
8. a) Explain in detail about modified Routh's stability criterion. [8M]
b) Use the Routh-Hurwitz criterion to find the stable range of 𝐾 for [7M]
the closed loop unity feedback system with loop gain
𝐾(𝑧−1)
F(z) = (𝑧−0.1)(𝑧−0.8) .
UNIT-V
9. a) Draw lag and lead compensators. Obtain their transfer [8M]
function.
b) Recall design procedure of lead compensator in the w-plane. [7M]

(OR)
10. a) Write the expressions for static position error constant and [5M]
steady state error in response to a unit step input in discrete
time systems.
b) The open loop transfer function of a unity-feedback digital [10M]
𝐾(𝑧 2 +0.8𝑧+0.5)
control system is given as F(z) = .Sketch the root
(𝑧−1)(𝑧 2 −𝑧+0.2)
loci of the system for 0 < 𝐾 < ∞. Indicate all important
information on the root loci.
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 Code No: R1932024 R19 SET - 4

III B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, June-2022

DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
*****

UNIT-I
1. a) Explain in detail the process of sampling and reconstruction of [8M]
signals.
b) Explain frequency-domain characteristics of zero order hold [7M]
circuit.
(OR)
2. a) Explain in detail the advantages of digital systems. [8M]
b) Explain the digital controller for a turbine and generator [7M]
discrete data control systems.
UNIT-II
3. a) Explain different methods of finding inverse z-transform. [8M]
b) Illustrate the procedure for obtaining the pulse transfer [7M]
function of a closed-loop system with a neat block diagram.
(OR)
4. a) Given the z-transform X(z) =
1−𝑒 −𝑎𝑇
, where “a” is constant [8M]
𝑧−1 𝑧−𝑒 −𝑎𝑇
and “T ” is sampling period, determine inverse z-transform
𝑥 (𝑘 𝑇) by the use partial fraction expansion method.
b) Obtain the inverse z-transform of the following: [7M]
𝑧 −3 𝑧 −1 (1−𝑧 −2 )
(i) X(z)=(1−𝑧 −1 )(1−0.2𝑧 −1 ) and (ii) X(z) = (1+𝑧 −2 )2

UNIT-III
5. a) Explain concepts of controllability and observability. [8M]
b) Describe necessary and sufficient conditions of pole placement [7M]
method.
(OR)
6. a) What is the necessity of state transition matrix and specify its [8M]
properties.
b) Explain the design of full order state observer with a neat block [7M]
diagram.

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 Code No: R1932024 R19 SET - 4

UNIT-IV
7. a) Explain the mapping between s-plane and z-plane. [8M]
b) Determine the stability of characteristics equation by using [7M]
Jury‟s stability tests 𝑧 3 − 0.2𝑧 2 − 0.25𝑧 + 0.05 = 0.
(OR)
8. a) Elaborate on modified Routh's stability criterion. [8M]
b) Write difference between primary strips and complementary [7M]
strips.
UNIT-V
9. a) Draw the circuit diagram for lag compensator. Obtain its [8M]
transfer function.
b) Explain the design procedure of lead compensator using root [7M]
locus technique in the z-plane.
(OR)
10. a) The closed loop transfer function for the digital control system [8M]
C ( z) z  0.5
is given as  .
R( z ) 3( z  z  0.5)
2

Find the steady state errors and error constants due to step
input.
b) Derive the transfer function of lead compensator. [7M]

*****

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