MOVEMENT OF

PEOPLE AND
VEHICLE IN
CONSTRUCTION
PRESENTATION OF 6TH MILE
Table of Contents
Topics Covered

WHAT Hazards and Hazards and

Control in Control in
WHERE
Movement Vehicle
WHO Operation
of People

Traffic
Traffic Tips and
Management
on Site Routes Laws
MOVEMENT OF
PEOPLE AND VEHICLE
IN CONSTRUCTION
An Introduction
 WHAT?
It is the related activities of the said subjects to the construction
project, either inside or outside the construction site. People are most
often involved in accidents as they walk around the construction site or
when they come into contact with vehicles in or around the site. Slips,
trips and falls account for the majority of accidents to pedestrian’s
Excessive speed or other unsafe vehicle practices may cause serious
accidents.
 WHERE?
Workplace hazards involving vehicles and mobile plant may occur during:
• Pedestrian movement;
• Vehicles or plant reversing and maneuvering;
• Arrivals or departures;
• Loading or unloading;
• Hitching or unhitching of trailers;
• Mounting or dismounting from vehicles;
• Securing of loads;
• Movement of materials; and
• Maintenance work.
 WHO?
People who work with, or near vehicles and mobile plant,
such as cars, vans, forklifts, trucks, semitrailers, trailers,
tractors, loaders, buses and utilities are most at risk.

People also at risk may include other workers,

management, self-employed people, customers and
visitors at workplaces.
HAZARDS AND CONTROLS PERTAINING
TO THE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND
VEHICLES IN CONSTRUCTION
HAZARDS TO PEDESTRIAN
The most common hazards to pedestrians at work:
• Slips, trips and falls on the same level
• Falls from height
• Collisions with moving vehicles
• Being struck by moving falling or flying objects
• Striking against fixed or stationary objects
 SLIPS, TRIPS AND FALLS ON THE SAME LEVEL
• Most common of the hazards facing pedestrians.
• Slips and trips - biggest single cause of reported injuries in the construction
industry.

SLIP HAZARDS
• Wet or dusty floors
• The spillage of wet or dry substances - oil, water, cement dust and fuel
from site vehicles
• Loose mats on slippery floors
• Wet and/or icy weather conditions
• Unsuitable footwear or floor coverings or sloping floors.
 TRIP HAZARDS
• Obstacles, such as bricks, blocks or timber, left around the site
• Loose floorboards or carpets
• Obstructions, low walls, low fixtures on the floor
• Cables or trailing leads across walkways or uneven surfaces

FALLS FROM HEIGHT

• The most common cause of serious injury or death in the construction
industry
• Accidents are usually concerned with falls of greater than 2m and often result
in fractured bones, serious head injuries, loss of consciousness and death
Example - Falls down staircases and stairways, through fragile roofs, off
landings and stepladders and from vehicles.
 COLLISIONS WITH MOVING VEHICLES
• Can occur within the workplace premises or on the access roads around the
building site
• No separation between pedestrians and vehicles or where vehicles are speeding
• Poor lighting, blind corners, the lack of warning signs and barriers at road
crossing points also increase the risk of this type of accident

BEING STRUCK BY MOVING, FALLING, OR FLYING OBJECTS

• Moving objects include, articles being moved, moving parts of machinery or
conveyor belt systems
• Flying objects are often generated by the disintegration of a moving part or a
failure of a system under pressure.
 STRIKING AGAINST FIXED OR STATIONARY OBJECTS
• Injuries are caused to a person either by colliding with a fixed part of the
building structure, work in progress, a machine member, a stationary vehicle or
by falling against such objects
• Concussion in a mild form is the most common outcome and a medical check-
up is normally recommended.
CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR PEDESTRIAN HAZARDS
For Falls from Height:
• Adequate width of the stairway, depth of the tread and provision of landings
and banisters or handrails and intermediate rails
• Provision of non-slip surfaces and
• Reflective edging
• Adequate lighting
• Adequate maintenance

For Collisions with Moving Vehicles:

• Completely separating pedestrians and vehicles
• Providing well marked, protected and laid out pedestrian walkways
• Suitable guardrails and barriers should be erected at entrances and exits
from buildings and at 'blind' corners at the end of racking in warehouses
Being Struck by Moving, Falling, or Flying Objects:
• Guarding or fencing the moving part adopting the measures outlined for
construction work
• Use of covered walkways or suitable netting to catch falling debris
• Waste material should be brought to ground level by the use of chutes or
hoists.
• Appropriate personal protective equipment, such as hard hats or safety
glasses, should be worn at all times
Striking Against Fixed and Stationary Objects:
• The use of awareness measures, such
as training and information in the
form of signs or distinctive coloring
• The use of appropriate personal
protective equipment
• Defining walkways and making sure they are used
 HAZARDS IN VEHICLE
OPERATIONS
There are major accidents (involving serious fractures, head injuries and
amputations) caused by:
• Collisions between pedestrians and vehicles
• People falling from vehicles
• People being struck by objects falling from vehicles
• People being struck by an overturning vehicle
• Communication problems between vehicle drivers and employees or members
of the public.

A key cause of these accidents is the lack of competent and documented driver
training.
 CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR
SAFE VEHICLE OPERATIONS
Any control strategy involving vehicle operations will involve a risk assessment
to ascertain where, on traffic routes, accidents are most likely to happen.

ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED
• Environmental considerations, such as visibility, road surface conditions, road
gradients and changes in road level, must also be taken into account.
• The use of one-way systems and separate site access gates for vehicles and
pedestrians may be required
• Induction training for all new employees must include the location and
designation of pedestrian walkways and crossings.
TRANSPORT SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE
• Planning beforehand greatly lowers the risk associated with vehicle moves. This
is true for both roadways and inside lanes of buildings and yards.
• Risk assessment for health and safety must include assessing and managing
these hazards
TIPS FOR SAFE TRANSPORT
• Reassess your work practices to reduce vehicle movements within your
premises by re-siting operations or installing equipment such as conveyors.
• Plan safe traffic routes, avoiding any danger areas. Risks can be reduced with
speed limits and one-way systems.
•Ensure that loads are safely secured.
•Make sure route surfaces are constructed of suitable material and properly
drained. Avoid steep slopes.
•Provide separate routes for pedestrians where possible, and barriers or guard
rails if appropriate.
There is a preferred order of control measures to eliminate or reduce the risks
of injury or harm ranging from the most effective to the least effective. This is
outlined in the table below.
There is a preferred order of control measures to eliminate or reduce the risks
of injury or harm ranging from the most effective to the least effective. This is
outlined in the table below.
There is a preferred order of control measures to eliminate or reduce the risks
of injury or harm ranging from the most effective to the least effective. This is
outlined in the table below.
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ON SITE
Traffic management is the organization, arrangement, guidance and control of
both stationary and moving traffic, including pedestrians all types of vehicles.

The following actions will help keep pedestrians and vehicles apart:

Entrances and exits

Walkways
Crossings
Visibility
Obstructions
Barriers
Minimizing vehicle movements
To limit the number of vehicles on site:
·provide car and van parking for the workforce and visitors away from the work
area;
·control entry to the work area; and
·plan storage areas so that delivery vehicles do not have to cross the site.
People on site
Employers should take steps to make sure that all workers are fit and competent
to operate the vehicles, machines and attachments they use on site by;
·checks when recruiting drivers/operators or hiring contractors;
·training drivers and operators;
·managing the activities of visiting drivers.
Turning vehicles
The need for vehicles to reverse should be avoided where possible as reversing is
a major cause of fatal accidents.
Visibility
If vehicles reverse in areas where pedestrians cannot be excluded the risk is
elevated and visibility becomes a vital consideration.
You should consider:
·Driving assistance
·Plant and vehicle marshallers
·Lighting
·Clothing
Signs and instructions
Make sure that all drivers and pedestrians know and understand the routes and
traffic rules on site.
 TRAFFIC ROUTES
Safe design
Safety maintenance
Safe signs
- speed limits;
- sharp bends;
- junctions;
- pedestrian crossings;
- vehicle crossings;
- blind corners;
- steep gradients; and
- road works.
Pedestrians Safe walkways
Safe crossings
Safe parking
Safe loading and unloading bays
Safe reversing
Safety near operating plant or blind spots
- Example of blind spots
 TIPS FOR EMPLOYEES
When vehicles are operated nearby:
• clearly understand everyone’s tasks;
• look out for other vehicles or mobile plant using the area;
• remember operators cannot always see pedestrians; and
• consider wearing high visibility vests.
 SAFE TRAILER PRACTICES
Injuries can occur when people at ground level assist in the hitching of trailers or trailed
implements to semi-trailer cabs, tractors and other prime movers.

Safe procedures should ensure there is a clear form of communication between the
operator and the hitcher.

To prevent parked prime movers and trailers rolling, they should be parked:
on level ground, preferably in a designated parking area;
with brake firmly applied; and
if necessary with wheels chocked.

Any raised attachments, such as slashers or rotary hoes on tractors, should be

lowered to the ground and the engine stopped and starter key removed to prevent
unauthorized use.
 SAFETY LAWS
RA 4136 and RA 11058 laws cover all individuals at workplaces, and all
workplace vehicles including mobile plant and equipment.

The Occupational Safety and Health Act requires employers, as far

as practicable, to provide and maintain a working environment in
which employees are not exposed to hazards.
1. Employers’ duties include:
providing and maintaining safe workplaces, plant and systems of work;
providing safety information, instruction, training and supervision;
consulting and cooperating with safety and health representatives (if any)
and employees; and
where it is impracticable to eliminate hazards, providing protective clothing
and equipment.

2. Employees are required to:

take reasonable care of their own safety and health; and
avoid adversely affecting the safety or health of others.
The Occupational Safety and Health Regulations include a number of
sections relevant to the movement of vehicles at workplaces.

The first and most important of these is Regulation 3.1, which requires employers, main
contractors, self-employed people and those in control of workplaces or access to workplaces
to conduct the three-step risk management process (for more details, see the information in
Section 2.3 on controlling the risks).

Regulation 3.6, ‘Movement around workplaces’ requires employers, main contractors, self
employed people or those in control of workplaces, ensure workplaces are arranged so that:
people are able to move safely within the workplace; and
passages for the purpose of enabling people to move within the workplace are at all times
kept free of obstructions.

Regulation 3.22 requires employers, main contractors and those in control of workplaces to
ensure the movement and speed of vehicles and plant at the workplace are managed in a way
that minimizes the risk of injury to pedestrians and people operating vehicles.
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