(강영만11기) 고1 '23-06 변형문제

고1 23-06월
모의고사 변형문제
유칼립투스 샬롯샘
도담한영어교실 네동이4
맥스영어 캡틴밀러
강영만 & 조은사람 좋은문제

강영만 11기 2023-06월 모의고사 PROJECT
강영만 아이디 성 함 지역 및 학원
유칼립투스 이소연 선생님 경북 경산 솔루션 영어

샬롯샘 조가영 선생님 부산 똑똑 영어
도담한영어교실 김도담 선생님 부산 도담한영어교실
네동이4 안혜지 선생님 경기 용인 인싸영어
맥스영어 김민희 선생님 광주 맥스영어
캡틴밀러 최학문 선생님
기획, 편집, 검토; 조은사람 좋은문제 지광모 선생

고1 모의고사 2023년 06월 변형문제
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1. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?1) 3. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, <=9#>?%#@AB#

,-CD#E0 /0?3)
Research shows that people who work have two
calendars: one for work and one for their personal lives. Research shows that people who work have two
Although it may seem sensible, having two separate calendars: one for work and one for their personal
calendars for work and personal life can lead to lives. Although it may seem ① sensitive, having two
distractions. To check if something is missing, you will separate calendars for work and personal life can lead
find yourself checking your to-do lists multiple times. to ② distractions. To check if something is missing,
Instead, organize all of your tasks in one place. It doesn't you will find yourself checking your to-do lists ③
matter if you use digital or paper media. It's okay to keep multiple times. Instead, ④ organize all of your tasks
your professional and personal tasks in one place. This in one place. It doesn't matter if you use digital or
will give you a good idea of how time is divided between paper media. It's okay to keep your professional and
work and home. This will allow you to make informed personal tasks in one place. This will give you a good
decisions about which tasks are most important. idea of how time is divided between work and home.
This will allow you to make ⑤ informed decisions
① Separate Work from Your Personal Lives about which tasks are most important.
② Remove Things That Lead to Distractions
③ Schedule Your Personal Tasks in One Place
④ Manage Time for Tasks That Are Important
⑤ Importance of Informed Decisions in Debate
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4. $%# FG()# HI, J7K# <+B# L7*MN# *

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Research shows that people who work have two calen-
│20번│
dars: one for work and one for their personal lives.
2. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, 789#:; /0?2)
Research shows that people who work ① have two (A) This will give you a good idea of how time is divided
calendars: one for work and one for their personal lives. between work and home. This will allow you to make
Although it may seem sensible, ② having two separate informed decisions about which tasks are most
calendars for work and personal life can lead to important.
distractions. To check if something is missing, you will (B) Instead, organize all of your tasks in one place. It
find yourself ③ checking your to-do lists multiple times. doesn't matter if you use digital or paper media. It's
Instead, organize all of your tasks in one place. It doesn't okay to keep your professional and personal tasks in
matter if you use digital or paper media. It's okay to keep one place.
your professional and personal tasks in one place. This (C) Although it may seem sensible, having two separate
will give you a good idea of how time is divided between calendars for work and personal life can lead to
work and home. This will allow you ④ to make informed distractions. To check if something is missing, you
decisions about ⑤ that tasks are most important. will find yourself checking your to-do lists multiple
times.
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
조은사람 좋은문제 강한영어학원만들기

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https://cafe.naver.com/jeeenglishstudy https://cafe.naver.com/strongeacademy
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5. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?5) 7. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, <=9#>?%#@AB#

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Why do you care how a customer reacts to a purchase?
Good question. By understanding post-purchase Why do you care how a customer reacts to a purchase?
behavior, you can understand the influence and the Good question. By understanding post-purchase
likelihood of whether a buyer will repurchase the product behavior, you can understand the influence and the ①
(and whether she will keep it or return it). You'll also likelihood of whether a buyer will repurchase the
determine whether the buyer will encourage others to product (and whether she will keep it or return it).
purchase the product from you. Satisfied customers can You'll also determine whether the buyer will ②
become unpaid ambassadors for your business, so encourage others to purchase the product from you.
customer satisfaction should be on the top of your to-do Satisfied customers can become unpaid ambassadors
list. People tend to believe the opinions of people they for your business, so customer satisfaction should be on
know. People trust friends over advertisements any day. the top of your to-do list. People tend to believe the
They know that advertisements are paid to tell the "good opinions of people they know. People trust friends over
side" and that they're used to persuade them to purchase ③ advertisements any day. They know that
products and services. By continually monitoring your advertisements are paid to tell the "good side" and that
customer's satisfaction after the sale, you have the ability they're used to persuade them to purchase products and
to avoid negative word-of-mouth advertising. services. By continually ④ monitoring your customer's
satisfaction after the sale, you have the ability to ⑤
① Let Consumers Repurchase Your Product spread negative word-of-mouth advertising.
② Ways to Advertise Your Product to Consumers
③ Try to Avoid Negative Advertising of the Product
④ Necessity of Understanding Post-purchase Behavior
⑤ Difficulty of Developing Strategies to Satisfy Customers
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8. $%# FG()# HI, J7K# <+B# L7*MN# *

+#,-.#O0?8)
│21번│ Why do you care how a customer reacts to a purchase?
6. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, 789#:; /0?6) Good question. By understanding post-purchase
Why do you care how a customer reacts to a purchase? behavior, you can understand the influence and the
Good question. By understanding post-purchase likelihood of whether a buyer will repurchase the product
behavior, you can understand the influence and the (and whether she will keep it or return it).
likelihood of whether a buyer will repurchase the product
(and whether she will keep it or return it). You'll also (A) People tend to believe the opinions of people they
determine whether the buyer will encourage others ① to know. People trust friends over advertisements any
purchase the product from you. ② Satisfying customers day. They know that advertisements are paid to tell
can become ③ unpaid ambassadors for your business, so the "good side" and that they're used to persuade
customer satisfaction should be on the top of your to-do them to purchase products and services.
list. People tend to believe the opinions of people they (B) You'll also determine whether the buyer will
know. People trust friends over advertisements any day. encourage others to purchase the product from you.
They know that advertisements are paid to tell the "good Satisfied customers can become unpaid ambassadors
side" and that they're used to ④ persuade them to for your business, so customer satisfaction should be
purchase products and services. By continually on the top of your to-do list.
monitoring your customer's satisfaction after the sale, (C) By continually monitoring your customer's
you have the ability ⑤ to avoid negative word-of-mouth satisfaction after the sale, you have the ability to avoid
advertising. negative word-of-mouth advertising.
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

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9. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?9) 11. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, <=9#>?%#@AB#

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The promise of a computerized society, we were told,
was that it would pass to machines all of the repetitive The promise of a computerized society, we were
drudgery of work, allowing us humans to pursue higher told, was that it would pass to machines all of the ①
purposes and to have more leisure time. It didn't work repetitive drudgery of work, allowing us humans to
out this way. Instead of more time, most of us have less. ② avoid higher purposes and to have more leisure
Companies large and small have off-loaded work onto time. It didn't work out this way. Instead of more
the backs of consumers. Things that used to be done for time, most of us have ③ less. Companies large and
us, as part of the value-added service of working with a small have off-loaded work onto the backs of
company, we are now expected to do ourselves. With air consumers. Things that used to be done for us, as
travel, we're now expected to complete our own part of the value-added service of working with a
reservations and check-in, jobs that used to be done by company, we are now expected to do ourselves.
airline employees or travel agents. At the grocery store, With air travel, we're now expected to ④ complete
we're expected to bag our own groceries and, in some our own reservations and check-in, jobs that used
supermarkets, to scan our own purchases. to be done by airline employees or travel agents. At
the grocery store, we're expected to ⑤ bag our own
① Good Places for Leisure Time groceries and, in some supermarkets, to scan our
② Crisis of Air Travel Companies own purchases.
③ Loss of Human Jobs by AI System
④ Tools That Help Hotel Reservation
⑤ More Labor Imposed by Automation
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12. $%#FG()#HI, J7K#<+B#L7*MN#*

+#,-.#O0?12)
was that it would pass to machines all of the repetitive
│22번│
drudgery of work, allowing us humans to pursue higher
10. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, 789#:; /0?10) purposes and to have more leisure time.
was that it would pass to machines all of the repetitive (A) It didn't work out this way. Instead of more time,
drudgery of work, ① allowing us humans to pursue most of us have less. Companies large and small have
higher purposes and to have more leisure time. It didn't off-loaded work onto the backs of consumers.
work out this way. ② Instead more time, most of us (B) With air travel, we're now expected to complete our
have less. Companies large and small have off-loaded own reservations and check-in, jobs that used to be
work onto the backs of consumers. Things ③ that used done by airline employees or travel agents. At the
to be done for us, as part of the value-added service of grocery store, we're expected to bag our own groceries
working with a company, we are now expecting to do and, in some supermarkets, to scan our own
ourselves. With air travel, we're now expected ④ to purchases.
complete our own reservations and check-in, jobs ⑤ (C) Things that used to be done for us, as part of the
that used to be done by airline employees or travel value-added service of working with a company, we
agents. At the grocery store, we're expected to bag our are now expected to do ourselves.
own groceries and, in some supermarkets, to scan our ① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
own purchases. ③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

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[#\]C^#<+X#_`Cab.13) [#\]C^#<+X#_`Cab.14)
Research shows that people who work have two Why do you care how a customer reacts to a purchase?
calendars: one for work and one for their personal lives. Good question. By understanding post-purchase behav-
Although it may seem sensible, having two separate ior, you can understand the influence and the likelihood
calendars for work and personal life can lead to of whether a buyer will repurchase the product (and
distractions. To check if something is missing, you will whether she will keep it or return it). You'll also de-
find yourself checking your to-do lists multiple times. termine whether the buyer will encourage others to pur-
Instead, organize all of your tasks in one place. (당신이 chase the product from you. (만족한 고객은 당신의 사업
디지털 매체를 사용하든 종이 매체를 사 용하든 중요하지 을 위한 무급 대사가 될 수 있으므로, 고객 만족이 할 일 목
않다.) It's okay to keep your professional and personal 록의 최상단에 있어야 한다.) People tend to believe the
tasks in one place. This will give you a good idea of how opinions of people they know. People trust friends over
time is divided between work and home. This will allow advertisements any day. They know that advertisements
you to make informed decisions about which tasks are are paid to tell the "good side" and that they're used to
most important. persuade them to purchase products and services. By
continually monitoring your customer's satisfaction after
<조건> the sale, you have the ability to avoid negative
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것 word-of-mouth advertising.
2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 9단어로 영작
<조건>
< 보기 > 1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
media / doesn't / it / paper / or / digital / use / if / 2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 23단어로 영작
matter
< 보기 >
____________________________________ can / unpaid / ambassadors / satisfaction / on / the
____________________________________ / become / for / satisfied / satisfaction / of / be /
your / your / customer / should / customers /
business / so / should / top / to-do list /
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

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15. 12#3#PQ?R#STCUV#!"#W7LX#YZ
[#\]C^#<+X#_`Cab.15)
was that it would pass to machines all of the repetitive
drudgery of work, allowing us humans to pursue higher
purposes and to have more leisure time. It didn't work
out this way. Instead of more time, most of us have less.
Companies large and small have off-loaded work onto
the backs of consumers. Things that used to be done for
us, as part of the value-added service of working with a
company, we are now expected to do ourselves. (항공 여
행의 경우, 항공사 직원이나 여행사 직원들에 의해 행해지
던 일인 우리의 예약과 체크인을 이제는 우리가 직접 완수
하도록 기대된다.) At the grocery store, we're expected to
bag our own groceries and, in some supermarkets, to
scan our own purchases.
<조건>
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
< 보기 >
reservations / done / with / air / by / travel / we're /
agents / jobs / expected / to / airline / complete /
that / our / own / and / check-in / used / be /
employees / or / travel / to / now
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

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16. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?16) 18. !"#$%#12#3#45#6#<=9#>?%#@AB#

,-CD#E0 /0?18)
We tend to believe that we possess a host of socially de-
sirable characteristics, and that we are free of most of We tend to believe that we possess a host of socially ①
those that are socially undesirable. For example, a large desirable characteristics, and that we are free of most of
majority of the general public thinks that they are more those that are socially undesirable. For example, a large
intelligent, more fair-minded, less prejudiced, and more majority of the general public thinks that they are more
skilled behind the wheel of an automobile than the aver- intelligent, more fair-minded, ② more prejudiced, and
age person. This phenomenon is so reliable and ubiq- more skilled behind the wheel of an automobile than the
uitous that it has come to be known as the "Lake average person. This phenomenon is so reliable and ③
Wobegon effect," after Garrison Keillor's fictional com- ubiquitous that it has come to be known as the "Lake
munity where "the women are strong, the men are goodﾭ Wobegon effect," after Garrison Keillor's fictional com-
looking, and all the children are above average." A survey munity where "the women are strong, the men are good-
of one million high school seniors found that 70% looking, and all the children are above average." A survey
thought they were above average in leadership ability, of one million high school seniors found that 70%
and only 2% thought they were below average. In terms thought they were ④ above average in leadership ability,
of ability to get along with others, all students thought and only 2% thought they were ⑤ below average. In
they were above average, 60% thought they were in the terms of ability to get along with others, all students
top 10%, and 25% thought they were in the top 1%! thought they were above average, 60% thought they were
in the top 10%, and 25% thought they were in the top 1%!
① Remove the Illusion of Being Above Average
② Importance to Follow Customs and Institution
③ Why We Believe We're Better Than We Actually Are
④ Lake Wobegon Effect: Our Perception of Superiority
⑤ Necessity to Perceive Socially Desirable Characteristics │23번│
19. J7K#$#!"N#B7c#$%#de)#*+#,-
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We tend to believe that we possess a host of socially de-
sirable characteristics, and that we are free of most of
│23번│
those that are socially undesirable.
17. !"#$%#12#3#45#6#789#:; /0?17)
We tend to believe that we possess a host of socially de- (A) This phenomenon is so reliable and ubiquitous that it
sirable characteristics, and that we are free of most of has come to be known as the "Lake Wobegon effect,"
those ① that are socially undesirable. For example, a after Garrison Keillor's fictional community where
large majority of the general public thinks that ② are "the women are strong, the men are good looking, and
more intelligent, more fair-minded, less prejudiced, and all the children are above average."
more skilled behind the wheel of an automobile than the (B) A survey of one million high school seniors found that
average person. This phenomenon is so ③ reliable and 70% thought they were above average in leadership
ubiquitous that it has come to be known as the "Lake ability, and only 2% thought they were below average.
Wobegon effect," after Garrison Keillor's fictional com- In terms of ability to get along with others, all stu-
munity ④ where "the women are strong, the men are dents thought they were above average, 60% thought
good looking, and all the children are above average." A they were in the top 10%, and 25% thought they were
survey of one million high school ⑤ seniors found that in the top 1%!
70% thought they were above average in leadership abil- (C) For example, a large majority of the general public
ity, and only 2% thought they were below average. In thinks that they are more intelligent, more fair-mind-
terms of ability to get along with others, all students ed, less prejudiced, and more skilled behind the wheel
thought they were above average, 60% thought they were of an automobile than the average person.
in the top 10%, and 25% thought they were in the top 1%!
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

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V#!"#W7LX#YZ[#\]C^#<+X#_`C
Few people will be surprised to hear that poverty tends
ab.20)
to create stress: a 2006 study published in the American
We tend to believe that we possess a host of socially de- journal Psychosomatic Medicine, for example, noted
sirable characteristics, and that (A) (우리는 사회적으로 that a lower socioeconomic status was associated with
바람직하지 않은 대부분의 특성들을 지니고 있지 않다). higher levels of stress hormones in the body. However,
For example, a large majority of the general public thinks richer economies have their own distinct stresses. The
that they are more intelligent, more fair-minded, less key issue is time pressure. A 1999 study of 31 countries
prejudiced, and more skilled behind the wheel of an au- by American psychologist Robert Levine and Canadian
tomobile than the average person. This phenomenon is psychologist Ara Norenzayan found that wealthier, more
so reliable and ubiquitous that it has come to be known industrialized nations had a faster pace of life ─ which
as the "Lake Wobegon effect," after Garrison Keillor's fic- led to a higher standard of living, but at the same time
tional community where "the women are strong, the men left the population feeling a constant sense of urgency, as
are good looking, and all the children are above average." well as being more prone to heart disease. In effect,
A survey of one million high school seniors found that fast-paced productivity creates wealth, but it also leads
70% thought they were above average in leadership abil- people to feel time-poor when they lack the time to relax
ity, and only 2% thought they were below average. In and enjoy themselves.
terms of ability to get along with others, all students
thought they were above average, 60% thought they were ① Poverty and Heart Disease
in the top 10%, and 25% thought they were in the top 1%! ② Poverty and Stress Hormones
③ Balancing Wealth and Well-being
<조건> ④ The Impact of Fast-Paced Lifestyles
1) 주어진 단어를 이용할 것 ⑤ Wealthier Economies: Time Pressure and Stress
2) 필요하다면 형태를 바꿀 것
3) 15자 내외로 작성할 것
that / most of those / socially /

we are free of / are / undesirable
│24번│
22. !"#$%#12#3#45#6#789#:; /0?22)
Few people will be ① surprised to hear that poverty

tends ② to create stress: a 2006 study published in the
American journal Psychosomatic Medicine, for example,
noted ③ that a lower socioeconomic status was asso-
ciated with higher levels of stress hormones in the body.
However, richer economies have their own distinct
stresses. The key issue is time pressure. A 1999 study of
31 countries by American psychologist Robert Levine
and Canadian psychologist Ara Norenzayan found that
wealthier, more industrialized nations had a faster pace
of life ─ ④ where led to a higher standard of living, but
at the same time left the population feeling a constant
sense of urgency, as well as being more prone to heart
disease. In effect, fast-paced productivity creates wealth,
but it also leads people ⑤ to feel time-poor when they
lack the time to relax and enjoy themselves.

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23. !"#$%#12#3#45#6#<=9#>?%#@AB# 25. fg#hNe#PQ?R#STCUV# <ij>N#kU

,-CD#E0 /0?23) V#!"#W7LX#YZ[#\]C^#<+X#_`C
ab.25)
Few people will be surprised to hear that ① poverty
tends to create stress: a 2006 study published in the Few people will be surprised to hear that poverty tends
American journal Psychosomatic Medicine, for example, to create stress: a 2006 study published in the American
noted that a ② lower socioeconomic status was asso- journal Psychosomatic Medicine, for example, noted
ciated with higher levels of stress hormones in the body. that a lower socioeconomic status was associated with
However, richer economies have their own distinct higher levels of stress hormones in the body. However,
stresses. The key issue is time pressure. A 1999 study of richer economies have their own distinct stresses. The
31 countries by American psychologist Robert Levine key issue is time pressure. A 1999 study of 31 countries
and Canadian psychologist Ara Norenzayan found that by American psychologist Robert Levine and Canadian
wealthier, more industrialized nations had a ③ slower psychologist Ara Norenzayan found that wealthier, more
pace of life ─ which led to a higher standard of living, industrialized nations had a faster pace of life ─ which
but at the same time left the population feeling a ④ con- led to a higher standard of living, but at the same time
stant sense of urgency, as well as being more prone to left the population feeling a constant sense of urgency, as
heart disease. In effect, ⑤ fast-paced productivity creates well as being more prone to heart disease. In effect,
wealth, but it also leads people to feel time-poor when fast-paced productivity creates wealth, (그것은 또한 사람
they lack the time to relax and enjoy themselves. 들이 긴장을 풀고 즐겁게 지낼 시간이 없을 때 시간이 부족
하다고 느끼게 한다).
<조건>
<보기>
│24번│ themselves / the / relax / feel / time-poor / and /
24. $%#FG()#HI#J7K#<+B#L7*MN#* lack / to / it / also / when / people / leads / they /
+#,-.#O0?24) but / time / the / enjoy
However, richer economies have their own distinct
stresses. ___________________________________
___________________________________
Few people will be surprised to hear that poverty tends ___________________________________
to create stress: ( ① ) a 2006 study published in the ___________________________________
American journal Psychosomatic Medicine, for example, __________________________________
noted that a lower socioeconomic status was associated
with higher levels of stress hormones in the body. ( ② )
The key issue is time pressure. ( ③ ) A 1999 study of 31
countries by American psychologist Robert Levine and
Canadian psychologist Ara Norenzayan found that
wealthier, more industrialized nations had a faster pace
of life ─ ( ④ ) which led to a higher standard of living,
but at the same time left the population feeling a con-
stant sense of urgency, as well as being more prone to
heart disease. ( ⑤ ) In effect, fast-paced productivity cre-
ates wealth, but it also leads people to feel time-poor
when they lack the time to relax and enjoy themselves.

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26. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?26) 28. !"#$%#12#3#45#6#<=9#>?%#@AB#

,-CD#E0 /0?28)
Although praise is one of the most powerful tools avail-
able for improving young children's behavior, it is equal- Although praise is one of the most powerful tools ①
ly powerful for improving your child's self-esteem. available for improving young children's behavior, it is
Preschoolers believe what their parents tell them in a equally powerful for improving your child's ②
very profound way. They do not yet have the cognitive so- self-esteem. Preschoolers believe what their parents tell
phistication to reason analytically and reject false them in a very profound way. They do not yet have the
information. If a preschool boy consistently hears from cognitive ③ sophistication to reason analytically and re-
his mother that he is smart and a good helper, he is likely ject false information. If a preschool boy consistently
to incorporate that information into his self-image. hears from his mother that he is smart and a good helper,
Thinking of himself as a boy who is smart and knows he is likely to ④ corporate that information into his
how to do things is likely to make him endure longer in self-image. Thinking of himself as a boy who is smart and
problem-solving efforts and increase his confidence in knows how to do things is likely to make him endure
trying new and difficult tasks. Similarly, thinking of him- longer in problem-solving efforts and increase his con-
self as the kind of boy who is a good helper will make him fidence in trying new and difficult tasks. Similarly, think-
more likely to volunteer to help with tasks at home and ing of himself as the kind of boy who is a good helper will
at preschool. make him more likely to volunteer ⑤ to help with tasks
at home and at preschool.
① Many Ways to Boost Children’s Self-esteem
② The Positive Impact of Praise on Preschoolers
③ The Necessity of Ability to Reason Analytically
④ Increasing Confidence in Trying Difficult Tasks
⑤ Importance of Improving Young Child’s Behavior
│29번│
29. $%#FG()#HI#J7K#<+B#L7*MN#*
│29번│
+#,-.#O0?29)
27. !"#$%#12#3#45#6#789#:; /0?27)
They do not yet have the cognitive sophistication to rea-
Although praise is one of the most powerful tools avail- son analytically and reject false information.
able for improving young children's behavior, it is ①
equally powerful for improving your child's self-esteem. Although praise is one of the most powerful tools avail-
Preschoolers believe ② what their parents tell them in a able for improving young children's behavior, it is equal-
very profound way. They do not yet have the cognitive so- ly powerful for improving your child's self-esteem. ( ① )
phistication to reason ③ analytically and reject false Preschoolers believe what their parents tell them in a
information. If a preschool boy consistently hears from very profound way. ( ② ) If a preschool boy consistently
his mother ④ who he is smart and a good helper, he is hears from his mother that he is smart and a good helper,
likely to incorporate that information into his self-image. he is likely to incorporate that information into his
Thinking of himself as a boy who is smart and knows self-image. ( ③ ) Thinking of himself as a boy who is
how to do things ⑤ is likely to make him endure longer smart and knows how to do things is likely to make him
in problem-solving efforts and increase his confidence in endure longer in problem-solving efforts and increase his
trying new and difficult tasks. Similarly, thinking of him- confidence in trying new and difficult tasks. ( ④ )
self as the kind of boy who is a good helper will make him Similarly, thinking of himself as the kind of boy who is a
more likely to volunteer to help with tasks at home and good helper will make him more likely to volunteer to
at preschool. help with tasks at home and at preschool. ( ⑤ )

- 11 -
│29번│
30. fg#hNe#PQ?R#STCUV# <ij>N#kU

V#!"#W7LX#YZ[#\]C^#<+X#_`C
ab.30)
Although praise is one of the most powerful tools avail-
able for improving young children's behavior, it is equal-
ly powerful for improving your child's self-esteem.
Preschoolers believe what their parents tell them in a
very profound way. They do not yet have the cognitive so-
phistication to reason analytically and reject false
information. If a preschool boy consistently hears from
his mother that he is smart and a good helper, (A) (그는
그 정보를 그의 자아상으로 통합시킬 가능성이 놉다).
Thinking of himself as a boy who is smart and knows
how to do things is likely to make him endure longer in
problem-solving efforts and increase his confidence in
trying new and difficult tasks. Similarly, thinking of him-
self as the kind of boy who is a good helper will make him
more likely to volunteer to help with tasks at home and
at preschool.
<조건>
<보기>
to / information / his / self-image / is /
incorporate / likely / that / he / into
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________

- 12 -
│30번│ │30번│
31. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?31) 33. !"#$%#12#345#6#<=9#>?%#@AB#

,-CD#E0 /0?33)
Advertisers often displayed considerable facility in
adapting their claims to the market status of the goods Advertisers often displayed considerable facility in ①
they promoted. Fleischman's yeast, for instance, was adapting their claims to the market status of the goods
used as an ingredient for cooking homemade bread. Yet they promoted. Fleischman's yeast, for instance, was
more and more people in the early 20th century were used as an ingredient for cooking homemade bread. Yet
buying their bread from stores or bakeries, so consumer more and more people in the early 20th century were
demand for yeast increased. The producer of buying their bread from stores or bakeries, so consumer
Fleischman's yeast hired the J. Walter Thompson adver- demand for yeast ② declined. The producer of
tising agency to come up with a different marketing strat- Fleischman's yeast hired the J. Walter Thompson adver-
egy to boost sales. No longer the “Soul of Bread,” the tising agency to come up with a different marketing strat-
Thompson agency first turned yeast into an important egy to ③ boost sales. No longer the “Soul of Bread,” the
source of vitamins with significant health benefits. Thompson agency first turned yeast into an important
Shortly thereafter, the advertising agency transformed source of vitamins with significant health ④drawbacks
yeast into a natural laxative. Repositioning yeast helped Shortly thereafter, the advertising agency transformed
increase sales. yeast into a natural laxative. ⑤Repositioning yeast help-
ed increase sales.
① Adapting to Market Shifts for Increasing Sales
② Role of Advertising Agencies in Consumer Choices
③ History of Fleischmann's Yeast in Culinary Culture
④ Evolution of Baking Practices and Convenience Foods
⑤ Benefits of Homemade Bread and its Traditional Appeal
│30번│ │30번│
32. !"#$%#12#345#6, 789#:;#/0?32) 34. $%#FG()#HI, J7K#<+B#L7*MN#*
Advertisers often ① displayed considerable facility in +#,-.#O0?34)
adapting their claims to the market status of the goods Yet more and more people in the early 20th century were
they promoted. Fleischman's yeast, for instance, was buying their bread from stores or bakeries, so consumer
used as an ingredient for cooking homemade bread. Yet demand for yeast declined.
more and more people in the early 20th century ② were
buying their bread from stores or bakeries, so consumer Advertisers often displayed considerable facility in adapt-
demand for yeast ③ was declined. The producer of ing their claims to the market status of the goods they
Fleischman's yeast hired the J. Walter Thompson adver- promoted. (①) Fleischman's yeast, for instance, was used
tising agency ④ to come up with a different marketing as an ingredient for cooking homemade bread. (②) The
strategy to boost sales. No longer the “Soul of Bread,” the producer of Fleischman's yeast hired the J. Walter
Thompson agency first turned yeast into an important Thompson advertising agency to come up with a different
source of vitamins with significant health benefits. marketing strategy to boost sales. ( ③)No longer the
Shortly thereafter, the advertising agency ⑤ transformed “Soul of Bread,” the Thompson agency first turned yeast
yeast into a natural laxative. Repositioning yeast helped into an important source of vitamins with significant
increase sales. health benefits. (④) Shortly thereafter, the advertising
agency transformed yeast into a natural laxative.
Repositioning yeast helped increase sales. (⑤)

- 13 -
│30번│ │31번│
35. 12#3#PQ?R#STCUV#!"#W7LX#YZ 36. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?36)

[#\]C^#<+X#_`Cab.35)
Individuals who perform at a high level in their pro-
Advertisers often displayed considerable facility in fession often have instant credibility with others. People
adapting their claims to the market status of the goods admire them, they want to be like them, and they feel
they promoted. Fleischman's yeast, for instance, was connected to them. When they speak, others listen ―
used as an ingredient for cooking homemade bread. Yet even if the area of their skill has nothing to do with the
more and more people in the early 20th century were advice they give. Think about a worldfamous basketball
buying their bread from stores or bakeries, so consumer player. He has made more money from endorsements
demand for yeast declined. The producer of than he ever did playing basketball. Is it because of his
Fleischmann’s yeast hired the J. Walter Thompson ad- knowledge of the products he endorses? No. It’s because
vertising agency to come up with a different marketing of what he can do with a basketball. The same can be said
strategy to boost sales. (Thompson 광고 대행사는 먼저 of an Olympic medalist swimmer. People listen to him
효모를 더 이상 “Soul of Bread”가 아니라 상당한 건강상 because of what he can do in the pool. And when an actor
의 이점이 있는 비타민의 중요한 공급원으로 바꾸었 tells us we should drive a certain car, we don’t listen be-
다.)Shortly thereafter, the advertising agency trans- cause of his expertise on engines. We listen because we
formed yeast into a natural laxative. Repositioning yeast admire his talent. Excellence connects. If you possess a
helped increase sales. high level of ability in an area, others may desire to con-
nect with you because of it.
<조건>
1) long을 활용하시오. (필요시 어법에 맞게 고치시오) ➀ Importance To Listen Than To Speak
2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 22단어로 영작 ➁ Successful People Give Expert Advice In Their Field
➂ Excellence In Profession As Way To have Credibility
➃ Experts Have Extensive Knowledge In Various Areas
<보기> ➄ How Do Celebrities Make Money From The
Advertisement
the Thompson agency / into an important source of
vitamins / the “Soul of Bread, ”/ first turned yeast /
No long / with significant health benefits
│31번│
____________________________________
37. !"#$%#12#345#6, 789#:;#/0?37)
____________________________________
____________________________________ Individuals ➀ who perform at a high level in their pro-
____________________________________ fession often have instant credibility with others. People
admire them, they want to be like them, and they feel ➁
connected to them. When they speak, others listen ―
even if the area of their skill has nothing to do with the
advice they give. Think about a worldfamous basketball
player. He has made more money from endorsements
than he ever ③ did playing basketball. Is it because of his
knowledge of the products he endorses? No. It’s because
of what he can do with a basketball. The same can be said
of an Olympic medalist swimmer. People listen to him
because of ④ which he can do in the pool. And when an
actor tells us we should drive a certain car, we don’t ➄
listen because of his expertise on engines. We listen be-
cause we admire his talent. Excellence connects. If you
possess a high level of ability in an area, others may de-
sire to connect with you because of it.

- 14 -
│31번│ │31번│
38. !"#$%#12#345#6#<=9#>?%#@AB# 40. 12#3#PQ?R#STCUV#!"#W7LX#YZ
,-CD#E0 /0?38) [#\]C^#<+X#_`Cab.40)
Individuals who perform at a high level in their pro- Individuals who perform at a high level in their pro-
fession often have instant credibility with others. People fession often have instant credibility with others. People
① respect them, they want to be like them, and they feel admire them, they want to be like them, and they feel
connected to them. When they speak, others listen ― connected to them. When they speak, others listen ―
even if the area of their skill has ➁ something - to do even if the area of their skill has nothing to do with the
with the advice they give. Think about a worldfamous advice they give. Think about a worldfamous basketball
basketball player. He has made more money from ➂ ad- player. He has made more money from endorsements
vertisements than he ever did playing basketball. Is it be- than he ever did playing basketball. Is it because of his
cause of his knowledge of the products he endorses? No. knowledge of the products he endorses? No. It’s because
It’s because of what he can do with a basketball. The of what he can do with a basketball. The same can be said
same can be said of an Olympic medalist swimmer. of an Olympic medalist swimmer. People listen to him
People listen to him because of what he can do in the because of what he can do in the pool. And when an actor
pool. And when an actor tells us we should drive a certain tells us we should drive a certain car, we don’t listen be-
car, we don’t listen because of his expertise on engines. cause of his expertise on engines. We listen because we
We listen because we admire his talent. Excellence admire his talent. Excellence connects. ( 만약 당신이 어
connects. If you ➃ have a high level of ability in a ➄ 떤 분야에서 높은 수준의 능력을 갖추고 있다면, 다른 사람
field, others may desire to connect with you because of it. 들은 그것 때문에 당신과 연결되기를 원할 수도 있다.)
<조건>
│31번│
39. J7K#$#!"N#B7c#$%#de)#*+#,-
<보기>
.#/0?39)
in an area, / a high level of ability / to connect / with
Individuals who perform at a high level in their pro- you / because of it / If you possess / others may
fession often have instant credibility with others.
desire /
(A) Think about a world-famous basketball player. He has

____________________________________
made more money from endorsements than he ever
____________________________________
did playing basketball. Is it because of his knowledge
____________________________________
of the products he endorses? No. It's because of what
____________________________________
he can do with a basketball. The same can be said of
an Olympic medalist swimmer.
(B) People listen to him because of what he can do in the
pool. And when an actor tells us we should drive a cer-
tain car, we don't listen because of his expertise on
engines. We listen because we admire his talent.
Excellence connects. If you possess a high level of
ability in an area, others may desire to connect with
you because of it.
(C) People admire them, they want to be like them, and
they feel connected to them. When they speak, others
listen ― even if the area of their skill has nothing to
do with the advice they give.
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

- 15 -
│32번│ │32번│
41. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?41) 43. !"#$%#12#345#6#<=9#>?%#@AB#

,-CD#E0 /0?43)
Think of the brain as a city. If you were to look out over
a city and ask “where is the economy located?” you’d see Think of the brain as a city. If you were to look out over
there’s no good answer to the question. Instead, the a city and ask “where is the economy located?” you’d see
economy emerges from the interaction of all the ele- there’s no good answer to the question. Instead, the
ments ―from the stores and the banks to the merchants economy emerges from the ① interaction of all the ele-
and the customers. And so it is with the brain’s oper- ments ―from the stores and the banks to the merchants
ation: it doesn’t happen in one spot. Just as in a city, no and the customers. And so it is with the brain’s oper-
neighborhood of the brain operates in isolation. In brains ation: it doesn’t happen in one spot. Just as in a city, no
and in cities, everything emerges from the interaction be- neighborhood of the brain operates in ② isolation. In
tween residents, at all scales, locally and distantly. Just brains and in cities, everything ③ emerges from the in-
as trains bring materials and textiles into a city, which teraction between residents, at all scales, locally and
become processed into the economy, so the raw electro- distantly. Just as trains bring materials and textiles into a
chemical signals from sensory organs are transported city, which become ④ processed into the economy, so the
along superhighways of neurons. There the signals un- raw electrochemical signals from sensory organs are
dergo processing and transformation into our conscious transported along superhighways of neurons. There the
reality. signals undergo processing and transformation into our
⑤ subconscious reality.
① How Is A City Developed
② The Composing Elements Of A City
③ The Effect Of Neurons On The Brain
④ Comparison Between The Brain And The City
⑤ The Working Principle Of The Brain : Interaction
│32번│
44. $%#FG()#HI, J7K#<+B#L7*MN#*

+#,-.#O0?44)
│32번│
And so it is with the brain’s operation: it doesn’t happen
42. !"#$%#12#345#6, 789#:;#/0?42)
in one spot.
Think of the brain as a city. If you ① were to look out
over a city and ask “where is the economy located?” Think of the brain as a city. If you were to look out over
you’d ② see there’s no good answer to the question. a city and ask “where is the economy located?” you’d see
Instead, the economy emerges from the interaction of all there’s no good answer to the question. ( ① ) Instead, the
the elements ―from the stores and the banks to the mer- economy emerges from the interaction of all the ele-
chants and the customers. And so it is with the brain’s ments ―from the stores and the banks to the merchants
operation: it ③doesn’t happen in one spot. Just as in a and the customers. ( ② ) Just as in a city, no neighbor-
city, no neighborhood of the brain operates in isolation. hood of the brain operates in isolation. In brains and in
In brains and in cities, everything emerges from the in- cities, everything emerges from the interaction between
teraction between residents, at all scales, locally and residents, at all scales, locally and distantly. ( ③ ) Just as
distantly. Just as trains bring materials and textiles into a trains bring materials and textiles into a city, which be-
city, which ④ becomes processed into the economy, so come processed into the economy, so the raw electro-
the raw electrochemical signals from sensory organs ⑤ chemical signals from sensory organs are transported
are transported along superhighways of neurons. There along superhighways of neurons. ( ④ ) There the signals
the signals undergo processing and transformation into undergo processing and transformation into our con-
our conscious reality. scious reality. ( ⑤ )

- 16 -
│32번│
[#\]C^#<+X#_`Cab.45)
Think of the brain as a city. If you were to look out over
a city and ask “where is the economy located?” you’d see
there’s no good answer to the question. Instead, the
economy emerges from the interaction of all the ele-
ments ―from the stores and the banks to the merchants
and the customers. And so it is with the brain’s oper-
ation: it doesn’t happen in one spot. (도시에서처럼, 뇌의
어떤 지역도 독립적으로 작동하지 않는다.) In brains and
in cities, everything emerges from the interaction be-
tween residents, at all scales, locally and distantly. Just
as trains bring materials and textiles into a city, which
become processed into the economy, so the raw electro-
chemical signals from sensory organs are transported
along superhighways of neurons. There the signals un-
dergo processing and transformation into our conscious
reality.
<조건>
<보기>
no neighborhood / in a city / in isolation / just as
/ of the brain/ operates
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

- 17 -
│33번│ │33번│
46. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?46) 48. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, <=9#>?%#@AB#

,-CD#E0 /0?48)
Someone else's body language affects our own body,
which then creates an emotional echo that makes us feel Someone else's body language affects our own body,
accordingly. As Louis Armstrong sang, "When you're which then creates an emotional echo that makes us feel
smiling, the whole world smiles with you." If copying an- ① accordingly. As Louis Armstrong sang, "When you're
other's smile makes us feel happy, the emotion of the smiling, the whole world smiles with you." If ② repeating
smiler has been transmitted via our body. Strange as it another's smile makes us feel happy, the emotion of the
may sound, this theory states that emotions arise from smiler has been transmitted via our body. Strange as it
our bodies. For example, our mood can be improved by may sound, this theory suggests that emotions ③ stem
simply lifting up the corners of our mouth. If people are from our bodies. For example, our mood can be im-
asked to bite down on a pencil lengthwise, taking care proved by simply lifting up the corners of our mouth. If
not to let the pencil touch their lips (thus forcing the people are asked to bite down on a pencil ④ lengthwise,
mouth into a smile-like shape), they judge cartoons fun- taking care not to let the pencil touch their lips (thus
nier than if they have been asked to frown. The primacy forcing the mouth into a smile-like shape), they judge
of the body is sometimes summarized in the phrase "I cartoons funnier than if they have been asked to frown.
must be afraid, because I'm running." The ⑤ inferiority of the body is sometimes summarized
in the phrase "I must be afraid, because I'm running."
① The Role of Smiling in Emotional Interaction
② The Functions of Emotion in Body Language
③ The Secret of Emotional Contagion: Body First
④ Transmitting Smiling: Emotion Surpasses Body
⑤ The Value of Facial Expression in Body Language
│33번│
49. $%#FG()#HI, J7K#<+B#L7*MN#*

│33번│ +#,-.#O0?49)
47. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, 789#:; /0?47)
Strange as it may sound, this theory states that emotions
Someone else's body language affects our own body, arise from our bodies.
which then creates an emotional echo ① that makes
us feel accordingly. As Louis Armstrong sang, "When Someone else's body language affects our own body,
you're smiling, the whole world smiles with you." If which then creates an emotional echo that makes us feel
copying another's smile makes us feel happy, the emo- accordingly. ( ① ) As Louis Armstrong sang, "When
tion of the smiler has been transmitted via our body. you're smiling, the whole world smiles with you." ( ② )
② Strangely as it may sound, this theory states that If copying another's smile makes us feel happy, the
emotions arise from our bodies. For example, our emotion of the smiler has been transmitted via our
mood can be improved by simply lifting up the corners body. ( ③ ) For example, our mood can be improved by
of our mouth. If people ③ are asked to bite down on a simply lifting up the corners of our mouth. ( ④ ) If peo-
pencil lengthwise, taking care not to let the pencil ple are asked to bite down on a pencil lengthwise, taking
touch their lips (thus forcing the mouth into a care not to let the pencil touch their lips (thus forcing
smile-like shape), they judge cartoons funnier ④ than the mouth into a smile-like shape), they judge cartoons
if they have been asked to frown. The primacy of the funnier than if they have been asked to frown. ( ⑤ ) The
body is sometimes ⑤ summarized in the phrase "I primacy of the body is sometimes summarized in the
must be afraid, because I'm running." phrase "I must be afraid, because I'm running."

- 18 -
│34번│ │34번│
50. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?50) 52. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, <=9#>?%#@AB#

,-CD#E0 /0?52)
Restricting the number of items customers can buy
boosts sales. Brian Wansink, Professor of Marketing at Restricting the number of items customers can buy
Cornell University, investigated the effectiveness of this boosts sales. Brian Wansink, Professor of Marketing at
tactic in 1998. He persuaded three supermarkets in Sioux Cornell University, ① examined the effectiveness of this
City, Iowa, to offer Campbell's soup at a small discount: tactic in 1998. He persuaded three supermarkets in Sioux
79 cents rather than 89 cents. The discounted soup was City, Iowa, to offer Campbell's soup at a small discount:
sold in one of three conditions: a control, where there 79 cents ② rather than 89 cents. The discounted soup
was no limit on the volume of purchases, or two tests, was sold in one of three conditions: a control, where
where customers were limited to either four or twelve there was no limit on the volume of purchases, or two
cans. In the unlimited condition shoppers bought 3.3 tests, where customers were limited to either four or
cans on average, whereas in the scarce condition, when twelve cans. In the unlimited condition shoppers bought
there was a limit, they bought 5.3 on average. This sug- 3.3 cans on average, whereas in the ③ sufficient con-
gests scarcity encourages sales. The findings are partic- dition, when there was a limit, they bought 5.3 on
ularly strong because the test took place in a supermarket average. This suggests scarcity ④ stimulates sales. The
with genuine shoppers. It didn't rely on claimed data, nor findings are particularly strong because the test took
was it held in a laboratory where consumers might be- place in a supermarket with ⑤ authentic shoppers. It
have differently. didn't rely on claimed data, nor was it held in a labo-
ratory where consumers might behave differently.
① How to Prepare for Purchase Limit
② The Real Power of Genuine Consumers
③ The More There Is, The More You Want It
④ How to Sell More: Limiting Stimulates Sales
⑤ Marketing Tactics to Improve Brand Awareness
│34번│
53. $%#FG()#HI, J7K#<+B#L7*MN#*

+#,-.#O0?53)
│34번│
51. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, 789#:; /0?51) This suggests scarcity encourages sales.
Restricting the number of items customers can buy Restricting the number of items customers can buy
① boosts sales. Brian Wansink, Professor of boosts sales. ( ① ) Brian Wansink, Professor of
Marketing at Cornell University, investigated the ef- Marketing at Cornell University, investigated the effec-
fectiveness of this tactic in 1998. He persuaded three tiveness of this tactic in 1998. He persuaded three su-
supermarkets in Sioux City, Iowa, ② to offer permarkets in Sioux City, Iowa, to offer Campbell's
Campbell's soup at a small discount: 79 cents rather soup at a small discount: 79 cents rather than 89 cents.
than 89 cents. The discounted soup was sold in one of ( ② ) The discounted soup was sold in one of three con-
three conditions: a control, where there was no limit ditions: a control, where there was no limit on the vol-
on the volume of purchases, or two tests, where cus- ume of purchases, or two tests, where customers were
tomers ③ were limited to either four or twelve cans. limited to either four or twelve cans. ( ③ ) In the un-
In the unlimited condition shoppers bought 3.3 cans limited condition shoppers bought 3.3 cans on average,
on average, whereas in the scarce condition, when whereas in the scarce condition, when there was a limit,
there was a limit, they bought 5.3 on average. This they bought 5.3 on average. ( ④ ) The findings are par-
suggests scarcity ④ encourages sales. The findings are ticularly strong because the test took place in a super-
particularly strong because the test took place in a su- market with genuine shoppers. ( ⑤ ) It didn't rely on
permarket with genuine shoppers. It didn't rely on claimed data, nor was it held in a laboratory where con-
claimed data, nor ⑤ it was held in a laboratory where sumers might behave differently.
consumers might behave differently.

- 19 -
│35번│ │35번│
54. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?54) 56. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, <=9#>?%#@AB#

,-CD#E0 /0?56)
Although technology has the potential to increase pro-
ductivity, it can also have a negative impact on Although technology has the potential to increase pro-
productivity. For example, in many office environments ductivity, it can also have ① a negative impact on
workers sit at desks with computers and have access to productivity. For example, in many office environments
the internet. They are able to check their personal workers sit at desks with computers and have ② access
e-mails and use social media whenever they want to. This to the internet. They are able to check their personal
can stop them from doing their work and make them less e-mails and use social media whenever they want to. This
productive. Introducing new technology can also have a can ③ prevent them from doing their work and make
negative impact on production when it causes a change them less productive. Introducing new technology can al-
to the production process or requires workers to learn a so have a negative impact on production when it ④ leads
new system. Learning to use new technology can be time a change to the production process or requires workers
consuming and stressful for workers and this can cause a to learn a new system. Learning to use new technology
decline in productivity. can be time consuming and stressful for workers and this
can cause ⑤ an increase in productivity.
① Harmful Effects of Technology on Productivity
② The Significance of New Technology at Workplace
③ Problems of Increasing Dependency on Computer
④ How to Improve Productivity with New Technology
⑤ Elements of Distraction Caused by Digital Technology
│35번│
│35번│
57. J7K#$#!"N#B7c#$%#de)#*+#,-
55. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, 789#:; /0?55)
.#/0?57)
Although technology has the potential ① to increase
productivity, it can also have a negative impact on
ductivity, it can also have a negative impact on
productivity. For example, in many office environments
productivity.
workers sit at desks with computers and ② have access
to the internet. They are able to check their personal
(A) Learning to use new technology can be time consum-
e-mails and use social media whenever they want ③ to.
ing and stressful for workers and this can cause a de-
This can stop them from ④ doing their work and make
cline in productivity.
them less productive. Introducing new technology can
(B) For example, in many office environments workers sit
also have a negative impact on production when it caus-
at desks with computers and have access to the
es a change to the production process or requires work-
internet. They are able to check their personal e-mails
ers ⑤ learning a new system. Learning to use new tech-
and use social media whenever they want to. This can
nology can be time consuming and stressful for workers
stop them from doing their work and make them less
and this can cause a decline in productivity.
productive.
(C) Introducing new technology can also have a negative
impact on production when it causes a change to the
production process or requires workers to learn a new
system.
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

- 20 -
│33번│ │34번│
58. 12#3#PQ?R#STCUV#!"#W7LX#YZ 59. 12#3#PQ?R#STCUV#!"#W7LX#YZ

[#\]C^#<+X#_`Cab.58) [#\]C^#<+X#_`Cab.59)
Someone else's body language affects our own body, (A) 고객이 구입할 수 있는 품목의 개수를 제한하는 것은
which then creates an emotional echo that makes us feel 매출을 증가시킨다. Brian Wansink, Professor of
accordingly. As Louis Armstrong sang, "When you're Marketing at Cornell University, investigated the effec-
smiling, the whole world smiles with you." If copying an- tiveness of this tactic in 1998. He persuaded three super-
other's smile makes us feel happy, the emotion of the markets in Sioux City, Iowa, to offer Campbell's soup at a
smiler has been transmitted via our body. 이상하게 들릴 small discount: 79 cents rather than 89 cents. The dis-
지 모르지만, 이 이론은 감정이 우리 신체에서 발생한다고 counted soup was sold in one of three conditions: a con-
말한다. For example, our mood can be improved by sim- trol, where there was no limit on the volume of pur-
ply lifting up the corners of our mouth. If people are chases, or two tests, where customers were limited to ei-
asked to bite down on a pencil lengthwise, taking care ther four or twelve cans. In the unlimited condition shop-
not to let the pencil touch their lips (thus forcing the pers bought 3.3 cans on average, whereas in the scarce
mouth into a smile-like shape), they judge cartoons fun- condition, when there was a limit, they bought 5.3 on
nier than if they have been asked to frown. The primacy average. This suggests scarcity encourages sales. The
of the body is sometimes summarized in the phrase "I findings are particularly strong because the test took
must be afraid, because I'm running." place in a supermarket with genuine shoppers. (B) 그것
은 주장된 데이터에 의존하지 않았고, 소비자들이 다르게
<조건> 행동할 지도 모르는 실험실에서 이루어진 것도 아니었다.
2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 총 14단어로 영작 <조건>
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고치거나 단어를 첨가할 것
our bodies / this theory / it / may / states / that 2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여, 각각 10단어, 18
arise / strange / emotions / sound / from / as / , 단어로 영작
____________________________________
____________________________________ <보기>
____________________________________ can / of / sales / items / restrict / buy
____________________________________ the number / boost / customers
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
<보기>
consumers / hold / on / in / it / it / claimed
might / data / a laboratory / behave / didn't
differently / rely / nor / where / ,
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

- 21 -
│35번│
[#\]C^#<+X#_`Cab.60)
ductivity, it can also have a negative impact on
productivity. For example, in many office environments
workers sit at desks with computers and have access to
the internet. They are able to check their personal
e-mails and use social media whenever they want to. 이
것은 그들이 일을 하는 것을 방해하고 그들의 생산성을 떨
어뜨리게 만들 수 있다. Introducing new technology can
also have a negative impact on production when it causes
a change to the production process or requires workers
to learn a new system. Learning to use new technology
can be time consuming and stressful for workers and this
can cause a decline in productivity.
<조건>
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고치고 단어를 추가할 것
2) 총 13단어로 영작
make / can / and / this / from / their work

them / them / less / do / stop / productive
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

- 22 -
│36번│ │36번│
61. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?61) 63. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, 789#:; /0?63)
Up until about 6,000 years ago, most people were Up until about 6,000 years ago, most people were
farmers. Many lived in different places throughout the farmers. Many ① lived in different places throughout the
year, hunting for food or moving their livestock to areas year, hunting for food or moving their livestock to areas
with enough food. There was no need to tell the time be- with enough food. There was no need ② to tell the time
cause life depended on natural cycles, such as the chang- because life depended on natural cycles, such as the
ing seasons or sunrise and sunset. Gradually more peo- changing seasons or sunrise and sunset. Gradually more
ple started to live in larger settlements, and some needed people started to live in larger settlements, and some
to tell the time. For example, priests wanted to know needed to tell the time. For example, priests wanted to
when to carry out religious ceremonies. This was when know ③ when to carry out religious ceremonies. This
people first invented clocks―devices that show, meas- was when people first invented clocks―devices that
ure, and keep track of passing time. Clocks have been im- show, measure, and keep track of passing time. Clocks
portant ever since. Today, clocks are used for important ④ have been important ever since. Today, clocks are
things such as setting busy airport timetables―if the used for important things such as setting busy airport
time is incorrect, aeroplanes might crash into each other timetables―if the time is incorrect, aeroplanes might
when taking off or landing! ⑤ be crashed into each other when taking off or landing!
① Origin and History of Clocks

② The Key Roles of Natural Cycles
③ Big Changes in People’s Occupations
④ What Makes People Live in Settlements?
⑤ Why Do We Need Time in Religious Ceremony?
│36번│
│36번│
64. $%#FG()#HI, J7K#<+B#L7*MN#*
62. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, <=9#>?%#@AB# +#,-.#O0?64)
,-CD#E0 /0?62)
This was when people first invented clocks―devices that
Up until about 6,000 years ago, most people were show, measure, and keep track of passing time.
farmers. Many lived in ① different places throughout the
year, hunting for food or moving their livestock to areas Up until about 6,000 years ago, most people were
with enough food. There was no need to tell the time be- farmers. Many lived in different places throughout the
cause life ② relied on natural cycles, such as the chang- year, hunting for food or moving their livestock to areas
ing seasons or sunrise and sunset. Gradually more peo- with enough food. ( ① ) There was no need to tell the
ple started to live in ③ smaller settlements, and some time because life depended on natural cycles, such as the
needed to tell the time. For example, priests wanted to changing seasons or sunrise and sunset. ( ② ) Gradually
know when to carry out religious ceremonies. This was more people started to live in larger settlements, and
when people first invented clocks―devices that show, some needed to tell the time. ( ③ ) For example, priests
measure, and keep track of passing time. Clocks have wanted to know when to carry out religious ceremonies.
been ④ important ever since. Today, clocks are used for ( ④ ) Clocks have been important ever since. ( ⑤ ) Today,
important things such as setting busy airport timetables clocks are used for important things such as setting busy
―if the time is ⑤ incorrect, aeroplanes might crash into airport timetables―if the time is incorrect, aeroplanes
each other when taking off or landing! might crash into each other when taking off or landing!

- 23 -
│36번│ │37번│
65. 12#3#PQ?R#STCUV#!"#W7LX#YZ 66. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, 789#:; /0?66)

[#\]C^#<+X#_`Cab. 65)
Managers are always looking for ways to increase pro-
Up until about 6,000 years ago, most people were ductivity, ① which is the ratio of costs to output in
farmers. Many lived in different places throughout the production. Adam Smith, writing when the manufactur-
year, hunting for food or moving their livestock to areas ing industry was new, ② describing a way that pro-
with enough food. There was no need to tell the time be- duction could be made more efficient, known as the
cause life depended on natural cycles, such as the chang- "division of labor." Making most manufactured goods
ing seasons or sunrise and sunset. Gradually more peo- ③involves several different processes using different
ple started to live in larger settlements, and some needed skills. Smith's example was the manufacture of pins: the
to tell the time. For example, (성직자들은 언제 종교적인 wire is straightened, sharpened, a head is put on, and
의식을 수행해야 하는지 알고 싶었다). This was when then it is polished. One worker could do all these tasks,
people first invented clocks―devices that show, meas- and make 20 pins in a day. But this work can be divided
ure, and keep track of passing time. Clocks have been im- into ④ its separate processes, with a number of workers
portant ever since. Today, clocks are used for important each performing one task. Because each worker special-
things such as setting busy airport timetables―if the izes in one job, he or she can work ⑤ much faster with-
time is incorrect, aeroplanes might crash into each other out changing from one task to another. Now 10 workers
when taking off or landing! can produce thousands of pins in a day ─ a huge in-
crease in productivity from the 200 they would have pro-
<조건> duced before.
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것 *ratio: 비율
2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용할 것
ceremonies / know/ priests / carry / to

when / to / out / religious / wanted
│37번│
____________________________________
67. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?67)
____________________________________ Managers are always looking for ways to increase pro-

____________________________________ ductivity, which is the ratio of costs to output in
____________________________________ production. Adam Smith, writing when the manufactur-
ing industry was new, described a way that production
could be made more efficient, known as the "division of
labor." Making most manufactured goods involves sev-
eral different processes using different skills. Smith's ex-
ample was the manufacture of pins: the wire is straight-
ened, sharpened, a head is put on, and then it is polished.
One worker could do all these tasks, and make 20 pins in
a day. But this work can be divided into its separate proc-
esses, with a number of workers each performing one
task. Because each worker specializes in one job, he or
she can work much faster without changing from one
task to another. Now 10 workers can produce thousands
of pins in a day ─ a huge increase in productivity from
the 200 they would have produced before.
*ratio: 비율
① Adam Smith: The Father of Economy

② Importance of Specializing in One Job
③ Difficulties in Several Different Processes
④ What Can Reduce the Cost of Production?
⑤ Division of Labor: A way to Increase Productivity

- 24 -
│37번│ │37번│
68. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, <=9#>?%#@AB# 70. 12#3#PQ?R#STCUV#!"#W7LX#YZ

,-CD#E0 /0?68) [#\]C^#<+X#_`Cab. 70)
Managers are always looking for ways to ① increase (관리자들은 항상 생산성을 높일 수 있는 방법을 찾고
productivity, which is the ratio of costs to output in 있는데, 생산성은 생산에서 비용 대비 생산량의 비율이
production. Adam Smith, writing when the manufactur- 다). Adam Smith, writing when the manufacturing in-
ing industry was new, described a way that production dustry was new, described a way that production could
could be made more ② inefficient, known as the "division be made more efficient, known as the "division of labor."
of labor." Making most manufactured goods involves Making most manufactured goods involves several dif-
several ③ different processes using different skills. ferent processes using different skills. Smith's example
Smith's example was the manufacture of pins: the wire is was the manufacture of pins: the wire is straightened,
straightened, sharpened, a head is put on, and then it is sharpened, a head is put on, and then it is polished. One
polished. One worker could do all these tasks, and worker could do all these tasks, and make 20 pins in a
make 20 pins in a day. But this work can be divided into day. But this work can be divided into its separate proc-
its ④ separate processes, with a number of workers esses, with a number of workers each performing one
each performing one task. Because each worker special- task. Because each worker specializes in one job, he or
izes in one job, he or she can work much ⑤ faster without she can work much faster without changing from one
changing from one task to another. Now 10 workers can task to another. Now 10 workers can produce thousands
produce thousands of pins in a day ─ a huge increase in of pins in a day ─ a huge increase in productivity from
productivity from the 200 they would have produced the 200 they would have produced before.
before. *ratio: 비율
*ratio: 비율
<조건>
production / ratio / to / managers / the /

productivity / always / of / looking / are / output /
│37번│
to / for / which / ways / increase / is / costs / in
69. $%#FG()#HI, J7K#<+B#L7*MN#*
+#,-.#O0?69)
____________________________________
But this work can be divided into its separate processes, ____________________________________
with a number of workers each performing one task. ____________________________________
____________________________________
Managers are always looking for ways to increase pro-
ductivity, which is the ratio of costs to output in
production. ( ① ) Adam Smith, writing when the manu-
facturing industry was new, described a way that pro-
duction could be made more efficient, known as the
"division of labor." ( ② ) Making most manufactured
goods involves several different processes using different
skills. ( ③ ) Smith's example was the manufacture of
pins: the wire is straightened, sharpened, a head is put
on, and then it is polished. One worker could do all these
tasks, and make 20 pins in a day. ( ④ ) Because each
worker specializes in one job, he or she can work much
faster without changing from one task to another. ( ⑤ )
Now 10 workers can produce thousands of pins in a day
─ a huge increase in productivity from the 200 they
would have produced before.
*ratio: 비율

- 25 -
│38번│ │38번│
71. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, 789#:; /0?71) 73. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, <=9#>?%#@AB#

,-CD#E0 /0?73)
Sometimes the pace of change is far slower. The face
you saw ① reflected in your mirror this morning prob- Sometimes the pace of change is far ① slower. The face
ably appeared no different from the face you saw the day you saw reflected in your mirror this morning probably
before ― or a week or a month ago. Yet we know that the appeared no ② different from the face you saw the day
face ② that stares back at us from the glass is not the same, before ― or a week or a month ago. Yet we know that the
cannot be the same, as it was 10 minutes ago. The proof is face that stares back at us from the glass is not the same,
in your photo album: Look at a photograph ③ taking of cannot be the same, as it was 10 minutes ago. The proof
yourself 5 or 10 years ago and you see clear differences be- is in your photo album: Look at a photograph taken of
tween the face in the snapshot and the face in your yourself 5 or 10 years ago and you see ③ ambiguous dif-
mirror. If you lived in a world without mirrors for a year ferences between the face in the snapshot and the face in
and then saw your reflection, you might be ④ surprised your mirror. If you lived in a world ④ without mirrors for
by the change. After an interval of 10 years without see- a year and then saw your reflection, you might be sur-
ing yourself, you might not at first recognize the person prised by the change. After an interval of 10 years with-
⑤ peering from the mirror. Even something as basic as out seeing yourself, you might not at first recognize the
our own face changes from moment to moment. person ⑤ staring from the mirror. Even something as
* peer: 응시하다 basic as our own face changes from moment to moment.
│38번│
│38번│
72. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?72) 74. J7K#$#!"N#B7c#$%#de)#*+#,-

.#/0?74)
you saw reflected in your mirror this morning probably Sometimes the pace of change is far slower.
appeared no different from the face you saw the day be-
fore ― or a week or a month ago. Yet we know that the (A) After an interval of 10 years without seeing yourself,
face that stares back at us from the glass is not the same, you might not at first recognize the person peering
cannot be the same, as it was 10 minutes ago. The proof from the mirror. Even something as basic as our own
is in your photo album: Look at a photograph taken of face changes from moment to moment.
yourself 5 or 10 years ago and you see clear differences (B) The face you saw reflected in your mirror this morning
between the face in the snapshot and the face in your probably appeared no different from the face you saw
mirror. If you lived in a world without mirrors for a year the day before ― or a week or a month ago. Yet we
and then saw your reflection, you might be surprised by know that the face that stares back at us from the
the change. After an interval of 10 years without seeing glass is not the same, cannot be the same, as it was 10
yourself, you might not at first recognize the person peer- minutes ago.
ing from the mirror. Even something as basic as our own (C) The proof is in your photo album: Look at a photo-
face changes from moment to moment. graph taken of yourself 5 or 10 years ago and you see
clear differences between the face in the snapshot and
① Changes Happening Everywhere the face in your mirror. If you lived in a world without
② What Changes the Pace of Change? mirrors for a year and then saw your reflection, you
③ Why Do We Look Different in Mirror? might be surprised by the change.
④ Snapshot: A Good Way to Record Daily Life
⑤ The Importance of Recognizing One’s Reflection ① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

- 26 -
│38번│
[#\]C^#<+X#_`Cab.75)
you saw reflected in your mirror this morning probably
appeared no different from the face you saw the day be-
fore ― or a week or a month ago. Yet we know that the
face that stares back at us from the glass is not the same,
cannot be the same, as it was 10 minutes ago. The proof
is in your photo album: Look at a photograph taken of
yourself 5 or 10 years ago and you see clear differences
between the face in the snapshot and the face in your
mirror. (만약 당신이 일 년간 거울이 없는 세상에 살고 그
이후(거울에) 비친 당신의 모습을 본다면, 당신은 그 변화
때문에 깜짝 놀랄지도 모른다). After an interval of 10
years without seeing yourself, you might not at first rec-
ognize the person peering from the mirror. Even some-
thing as basic as our own face changes from moment to
moment.
<조건>
be / by / change / the / surprised / reflection / might

/ you / your / then / and / year / without / a / lived /
a / in / If / saw / mirrors / for / world / you
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

- 27 -
│39번│ │39번│
76. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?76) 78. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, <=9#>?%#@AB#

,-CD#E0 /0?78)
According to educational psychologist Susan Engel, cu-
riosity begins to decrease as young as four years old. By According to educational psychologist Susan Engel, cu-
the time we are adults, we have fewer questions and riosity begins to decrease as young as four years old. By
more default settings. As Henry James put it, the time we are adults, we have ① fewer questions and
"Disinterested curiosity is past, the mental grooves and more default settings. As Henry James put it,
channels set." The decline in curiosity can be traced in "Disinterested curiosity is past, the mental grooves and
the development of the brain through childhood. channels set." The ② decline in curiosity can be traced in
Though smaller than the adult brain, the infant brain the development of the brain through childhood. Though
contains millions more neural connections. The wiring, smaller than the adult brain, the infant brain contains
however, is a mess; the lines of communication between millions more neural connections. The wiring, however,
infant neurons are far less efficient than between those in is a mess; the lines of communication between infant
the adult brain. The baby's perception of the world is neurons are far ③ more efficient than between those in
consequently both intensely rich and wildly disordered. the adult brain. The baby's perception of the world is
As children absorb more evidence from the world around consequently both intensely rich and wildly disordered.
them, certain possibilities become much more likely and As children absorb more evidence from the world around
more useful and harden into knowledge or beliefs. The them, certain possibilities become much more likely and
neural pathways that enable those beliefs become faster more useful and ④ harden into knowledge or beliefs.
and more automatic, while the ones that the child doesn't The neural pathways that enable those beliefs become ⑤
use regularly are pruned away. faster and more automatic, while the ones that the child
doesn't use regularly are pruned away.
① The Impact of Nutrition on Brain Development
② The Role of Default Settings in Adult Cognition
│39번│
③ Why Curiosity Decreased with Aging Years
79. J7K#$#!"N#B7c#$%#de)#*+#,-
④ Relationship between Brain size and Curiosity
.#/0?79)
⑤ What Is Learned in the Cradle Is Carried to the Grave
According to educational psychologist Susan Engel, curi-
osity begins to decrease as young as four years old. By the
│39번│ time we are adults, we have fewer questions and more
77. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, 789#:; /0?77) default settings. As Henry James put it, "Disinterested
According to educational psychologist Susan Engel, cu- curiosity is past, the mental grooves and channels set."
riosity begins to decrease as young as four years old. By (A) As children absorb more evidence from the world
the time we are adults, we have ① fewer questions and around them, certain possibilities become much more
more default settings. As Henry James put it, likely and more useful and harden into knowledge or
"Disinterested curiosity is past, the mental grooves and beliefs. The neural pathways that enable those beliefs
channels set." The decline in curiosity can be ② traced in become faster and more automatic, while the ones
the development of the brain through childhood. that the child doesn't use regularly are pruned away.
Though smaller than the adult brain, the infant brain (B) The decline in curiosity can be traced in the develop-
contains millions more neural connections. The wiring, ment of the brain through childhood. Though smaller
however, is a mess; the lines of communication between than the adult brain, the infant brain contains mil-
infant neurons are far less efficient than between ③ lions more neural connections.
those in the adult brain. The baby's perception of the (C) The wiring, however, is a mess; the lines of communi-
world is consequently both intensely rich and wildly cation between infant neurons are far less efficient
disordered. As children absorb more evidence from the than between those in the adult brain. The baby's per-
world around ④ them, certain possibilities become ception of the world is consequently both intensely
much more likely and more useful and harden into rich and wildly disordered.
knowledge or beliefs. The neural pathways that enable
those beliefs become faster and more ⑤ automatically, ① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
while the ones that the child doesn't use regularly are ③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
pruned away.

- 28 -
│39번│ │40번│
80. 12#3#PQ?R#STCUV#!"#W7LX#YZ 81. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?81)

[#\]C^#<+X#_`Cab.80)
Nearly eight of ten U.S. adults believe there are "good
According to educational psychologist Susan Engel, cu- foods" and "bad foods." Unless we're talking about
riosity begins to decrease as young as four years old. By spoiled stew, poison mushrooms, or something similar,
the time we are adults, we have fewer questions and however, no foods can be labeled as either good or bad.
more default settings. As Henry James put it, There are, however, combinations of foods that add up to
"Disinterested curiosity is past, the mental grooves and a healthful or unhealthful diet. Consider the case of an
channels set." The decline in curiosity can be traced in adult who eats only foods thought of as "good"― for ex-
the development of the brain through childhood. ample, raw broccoli, apples, orange juice, boiled tofu,
Though smaller than the adult brain, the infant brain and carrots. Although all these foods are nutrient-dense,
contains millions more neural connections. The wiring, they do not add up to a healthy diet because they don't
however, is a mess; the lines of communication between supply a wide enough variety of the nutrients we need.
infant neurons are far less efficient than between those in Or take the case of the teenager who occasionally eats fri-
the adult brain. The baby's perception of the world is ed chicken, but otherwise stays away from fried foods.
consequently both intensely rich and wildly disordered. The occasional fried chicken isn't going to knock his or
(아이들이 그들 주변의 세상으로부터 더 많은 증거를 흡수 her diet off track. But the person who eats fried foods ev-
함에 따라, 특정한 가능성들이 훨씬 더 커지게 되고 더 유 ery day, with few vegetables or fruits, and loads up on su-
용하게 되며 지식이나 믿음으로 굳어진다.) The neural persized soft drinks, candy, and chips for snacks has a
pathways that enable those beliefs become faster and bad diet.
more automatic, while the ones that the child doesn't use
regularly are pruned away. ① 시대에 따라 유행하는 건강식이 좋다.
② 다이어트는 성장하고 있는 아이들의 신체에 악영향을
<조건> 준다.
1) 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것 ③ 건강에 좋은 음식이라고 알려진 것이 이후에 건강에
2) 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용할 것 좋지 않다고 밝혀지기도 한다.
④ 음식을 좋고 나쁨으로 정의하기 보다는, 음식의 구성이
건강에 이로운지로 판단하는 것이 바람직하다.
As / children / them / certain possibilities / the
⑤ 상하거나 독이 든 음식을 먹는 것은 심각한 질병을
world / knowledge or beliefs / more evidence /
초래할 수 있다.
become / absorb / harden / more useful / much
more likely / from / around / into / and / and / , / . │40번│
82. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, 789#:; /0?82)

____________________________________
Nearly eight of ten U.S. adults believe there are "good
____________________________________
foods" and "bad foods." Unless we're talking about
____________________________________ spoiled stew, poison mushrooms, or something similar,
____________________________________ however, no foods can be ① labeled as either good or
bad. There are, however, combinations of foods that add
up to a healthful or unhealthful diet. Consider the case of
an adult who eats only foods ② thought of as "good"―
for example, raw broccoli, apples, orange juice, boiled to-
fu, and carrots. Although all these foods are nu-
trient-dense, they do not add up to a healthy diet because
they don't supply a wide enough variety of the nutrients
we need. Or ③ take the case of the teenager who occa-
sionally eats fried chicken, but otherwise ④ stays away
from fried foods. The occasional fried chicken isn't going
to knock his or her diet off track. But the person who eats
fried foods every day, with few vegetables or fruits, and
⑤ loads up on supersized soft drinks, candy, and chips
for snacks has a bad diet.

- 29 -
│40번│ │40번│
83. J7K#$#!"N#B7c#$%#de)#*+#,- 84. 12#3#PQ?R#STCUV#!"#W7LX#YZ

.#/0?83) [#\]C^#<+X#_`Cab.84)
Nearly eight of ten U.S. adults believe there are "good Nearly eight of ten U.S. adults believe there are "good
foods" and "bad foods." Unless we're talking about foods" and "bad foods." Unless we're talking about
spoiled stew, poison mushrooms, or something similar, spoiled stew, poison mushrooms, or something similar,
however, no foods can be labeled as either good or bad. however, no foods can be labeled as either good or bad.
There are, however, combinations of foods that add up to
(A) Although all these foods are nutrient-dense, they do a healthful or unhealthful diet. Consider the case of an
not add up to a healthy diet because they don't supply adult who eats only foods thought of as "good"― for ex-
a wide enough variety of the nutrients we need. Or ample, raw broccoli, apples, orange juice, boiled tofu,
take the case of the teenager who occasionally eats fri- and carrots. Although all these foods are nutrient-dense,
ed chicken, but otherwise stays away from fried foods. they do not add up to a healthy diet because they don't
(B) The occasional fried chicken isn't going to knock his or supply a wide enough variety of the nutrients we need.
her diet off track. But the person who eats fried foods (또는 튀긴 치킨을 가끔 먹지만, 그렇지 않으면 튀긴 음식
every day, with few vegetables or fruits, and loads up 을 멀리하는 십대의 경우를 예로 들어보자.) The occa-
on supersized soft drinks, candy, and chips for snacks sional fried chicken isn't going to knock his or her diet off
has a bad diet. track. But the person who eats fried foods every day, with
(C) There are, however, combinations of foods that add up few vegetables or fruits, and loads up on supersized soft
to a healthful or unhealthful diet. Consider the case of drinks, candy, and chips for snacks has a bad diet.
an adult who eats only foods thought of as "good"―
for example, raw broccoli, apples, orange juice, boiled <조건>
tofu, and carrots. 1. 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
2. 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여 총 19단어로 영작
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B) / or / the case / the teenager / fried chicken / fried
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) foods / take / stays / eats / of / away from /
occasionally / otherwise / but / who / , / . /
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

- 30 -
│41-42번│ │41-42번│
85. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?85) 86. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, 789#:; /0?86)
Early hunter-gatherer societies had minimal structure. Early hunter-gatherer societies had minimal structure.
A chief or group of elders usually led the camp or village. A chief or group of elders usually led the camp or village.
Most of these leaders had to hunt and gather along with Most of these leaders had to hunt and gather along with
the other members because the surpluses of food and ① another members because the surpluses of food and
other vital resources were seldom sufficient to support a other vital resources were seldom sufficient to support a
full-time chief or village council. The development of ag- full-time chief or village council. The development of ag-
riculture changed work patterns. Early farmers could riculture changed work patterns. Early farmers could
reap 3-10 kg of grain from each 1 kg of seed planted. Part reap 3-10 kg of grain from each 1 kg of seed ② planted.
of this food/energy surplus was returned to the com- Part of this food/energy surplus was returned to the
munity and provided support for nonfarmers such as community and provided support for nonfarmers such as
chieftains, village councils, men who practice medicine, chieftains, village councils, men who practice medicine,
priests, and warriors. In return, the nonfarmers provided priests, and warriors. In return, the nonfarmers provided
leadership and security for the farming population, en- leadership and security for the farming population, en-
abling it to continue to increase food/energy yields and abling it ③ to continue to increase food/energy yields
provide ever larger surpluses. and provide ever larger surpluses.
With improved technology and favorable conditions, With improved technology and favorable conditions,
agriculture produced consistent surpluses of the basic agriculture produced consistent surpluses of the basic
necessities, and population groups grew in size. These necessities, and population groups grew in size. These
groups concentrated in towns and cities, and human groups concentrated in towns and cities, and human
tasks specialized further. Specialists such as carpenters, tasks specialized further. Specialists such as carpenters,
blacksmiths, merchants, traders, and sailors developed blacksmiths, merchants, traders, and sailors developed
their skills and became more efficient in their use of time their skills and became more ④ efficient in their use of
and energy. The goods and services they provided time and energy. The goods and services they provided
brought about an improved quality of life, a higher stand- brought about an ⑤ improved quality of life, a higher
ard of living, and, for most societies, increased stability. standard of living, and, for most societies, increased
stability.
① Importance of Leadership in Ancient Society
② Necessity of Providing Support for Nonfarmers
③ Agriculture and Change of the Structure of Society
④ Efficiency of Minimal Structure in Establishing Society
⑤ Efficient Use of Time and Energy for Consistent Stability

- 31 -
│41-42번│ │41-42번│
87. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, <=9#>?%#@AB# 88. $%#FG()#HI, J7K#<+B#L7*MN#*

,-CD#E0 /0?87) +#,-.#O0?88)
Early hunter-gatherer societies had ① minimal The development of agriculture changed work patterns.
structure. A chief or group of elders usually led the camp
or village. Most of these leaders had to hunt and gather Early hunter-gatherer societies had minimal structure.
along with the other members because the surpluses of A chief or group of elders usually led the camp or village.
food and other vital resources were ② always sufficient ( ① ) Most of these leaders had to hunt and gather along
to support a full-time chief or village council. The devel- with the other members because the surpluses of food
opment of agriculture changed work patterns. Early and other vital resources were seldom sufficient to sup-
farmers could reap 3-10 kg of grain from each 1 kg of port a full-time chief or village council. ( ② ) Early farm-
seed planted. Part of this food/energy ③ surplus was re- ers could reap 3-10 kg of grain from each 1 kg of seed
turned to the community and provided support for non- planted. Part of this food/energy surplus was returned to
farmers such as chieftains, village councils, men who the community and provided support for nonfarmers
practice medicine, priests, and warriors. In return, the such as chieftains, village councils, men who practice
nonfarmers provided leadership and security for the medicine, priests, and warriors. ( ③ ) In return, the non-
farming population, enabling it to continue to increase farmers provided leadership and security for the
food/energy yields and provide ever larger surpluses. farming population, enabling it to continue to in-
With improved technology and favorable conditions, crease food/energy yields and provide ever larger
agriculture produced consistent surpluses of the basic surpluses.
necessities, and population groups grew in size. These With improved technology and favorable conditions,
groups concentrated in towns and cities, and human agriculture produced consistent surpluses of the basic
tasks specialized further. Specialists such as carpenters, necessities, and population groups grew in size. ( ④ )
blacksmiths, merchants, traders, and sailors developed These groups concentrated in towns and cities, and hu-
their skills and became ④ more efficient in their use of man tasks specialized further. Specialists such as carpen-
time and energy. The goods and services they provided ters, blacksmiths, merchants, traders, and sailors devel-
brought about an improved quality of life, a higher stand- oped their skills and became more efficient in their use of
ard of living, and, for most societies, ⑤ increased time and energy. ( ⑤ ) The goods and services they pro-
stability. vided brought about an improved quality of life, a higher
standard of living, and, for most societies, increased
stability.

- 32 -
│41-42번│
[#\]C^#<+X#_`Cab.89)
Early hunter-gatherer societies had minimal structure.
A chief or group of elders usually led the camp or village.
(식량과 기타 필수 자원의 잉여분이 전임 추장이나 마을
의회를 지원할 만큼 거의 충분하지 않았기 때문에 대부분
의 이러한 지도자들은 다른 구성원들과 함께 사냥과 채집
을 해야했다.) The development of agriculture changed
work patterns. Early farmers could reap 3-10 kg of grain
from each 1 kg of seed planted. Part of this food/energy
surplus was returned to the community and provided
support for nonfarmers such as chieftains, village coun-
cils, men who practice medicine, priests, and warriors. In
return, the nonfarmers provided leadership and security
for the farming population, enabling it to continue to in-
crease food/energy yields and provide ever larger
surpluses.
<조건>
1. 필요시 어법에 맞게 고칠 것
2. 주어진 단어를 한 번만 사용하여 문장을 완성하시오.
Most of these leaders / the surpluses / the other

members / a full-time chief or village council / food
and other vital resources / had to / support / were /
hunt and gather / seldom / sufficient / along with /
of / to / because / .
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

- 33 -
정답 및 해설
<정답> 58) Strange as it may sound, this theory states that
emotions arise from our bodies.
1) ③ 59) (A) Restricting the number of items customers can
2) ⑤ that (→ which) buy boosts sales.
(B) It didn't rely on claimed data, nor was it held in
3) ① sensitive (→ sensible)
a laboratory where consumers might behave
4) ⑤
differently.
5) ④
60) This can stop them from doing their work and make
6) ② satisfying (→ satisfied)
them less productive.
7) ⑤ spread (→ avoid)
61) ①
8) ②
62) ③ smaller (→ larger )
9) ⑤
63) ⑤ be crashed (→ crash )
10) ② instead (→ instead of)
64) ④
11) ② avoid ( → pursue)
65) priests wanted to know when to carry out religious
12) ①
ceremonies.
13) It doesn't matter if you use digital or paper media.
66) ②describing (→ described )
14) Satisfied customers can become unpaid ambassadors
67) ⑤
for your business, so customer satisfaction should be
68) ② inefficient (→ efficient )
on the top of your to-do list.
69) ④
15) With air travel, we're now expected to complete our
70) Managers are always looking for ways to increase
own reservations and check-in, jobs that used to be
productivity, which is the ratio of costs to output in
done by airline employees or travel agents.
production.
16) ④
71) ③ taking (→ taken )
17) ②
72) ①
18) ②
73) ③ ambiguous (→ clear )
19) ④
74) ③
20) we are free of most of those that are socially
75) If you lived in a world without mirrors for a year and
undesirable.
then saw your reflection, you might be surprised by
21) ⑤
the change.
22) ④
76) ③
23) ③
77) ⑤ automatically(→automatic)
24) ②
78) ③ more (→less)
25) but it also leads people to feel time-poor when they
79) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
lack the time to relax and enjoy themselves
80) As children absorb more evidence from the world
26) ②
around them, certain possibilities become much more
27) ④
likely and more useful and harden into knowledge or
28) ④
beliefs.
29) ②
81) ④
30) he is likely to incorporate that information into his
82) ④ stays (→ stay)
self-image
83) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
31) ①
84) Or take the case of the teenager who occasionally
32) ③ (was declined - declined)
eats fried chicken, but otherwise stays away from
33) ④ (drawbacks – benefits)
fried foods.
34) ②
85) ③
35) No longer the “Soul of Bread,” the Thompson agency
86) ④ another (→ the others)
first turned yeast into an important source of
87) ② always(→seldom)
vitamins with significant health benefits.
88) ②
36) ➂
89) Most of these leaders had to hunt and gather along
37) ④ which - what
with the other members because the surpluses of
38) ➂ something - nothing
food and other vital resources were seldom sufficient
39) ④ to support a full-time chief or village council.
40) If you possess a high level of ability in an area,
others may desire to connect with you because of it.
41) ⑤
42) ④ (becomes – become)
43) ⑤ (subconscious – conscious )
44) ②
45) Just as in a city, no neighborhood of the brain
operates in isolation.
46) ③
47) ② Strangely → Strange
48) ⑤ inferiority → primacy
49) ③
50) ④
51) ⑤ it was held → was it held
52) ③ sufficient → scarce
53) ④
54) ①
55) ⑤ learning → to learn
56) ⑤ an increase → a decline
57) ③
- 34 -

(강영만11기) 고1 '23-06 변형문제

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고1 23-06월

강영만 & 조은사람 좋은문제

유칼립투스 이소연 선생님 경북 경산 솔루션 영어

기획, 편집, 검토; 조은사람 좋은문제 지광모 선생

1. !"#$%#&'()#*+#,-.#/0?1) 3. !"#$%#12#3#45#6, <=9#>?%#@AB#

4. $%# FG()# HI, J7K# <+B# L7*MN# *

조은사람 좋은문제 강한영어학원만들기

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조은사람 좋은문제 강한영어학원만들기

조은사람 좋은문제 강한영어학원만들기

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that / most of those / socially /

22. !"#$%#12#3#45#6#789#:; /0?22)

Few people will be ① surprised to hear that poverty

조은사람 좋은문제 강한영어학원만들기

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조은사람 좋은문제 강한영어학원만들기

(A) Think about a world-famous basketball player. He has

① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

조은사람 좋은문제 강한영어학원만들기

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① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

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make / can / and / this / from / their work

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① Origin and History of Clocks

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