Rates 1 Questions HT

Name: ………………………….. Mark: ………/ 33 Grade: ………

Q1. A student investigated how concentration affects the rate of reaction between magnesium and
hydrochloric acid. This is the method used.

1. Place hydrochloric acid in a conical flask.

2. Add magnesium powder.
3. Collect the gas produced in a gas syringe.
4. Measure the volume of gas every 40 seconds for 160 seconds.
5. Repeat steps 1-4 three more times.
6. Repeat steps 1-5 with hydrochloric acid of a higher concentration.

(a) Figure 1 shows a gas syringe.

Figure 1

What is the volume of gas in the syringe?

Volume = ______________________ cm3

(1)

(b) Which two variables should the student keep the same to make the investigation a
fair test?

Tick two boxes.

Concentration of hydrochloric acid

Mass of magnesium powder

Temperature of hydrochloric acid

Time for reaction to end

Volume of gas collected

(2)

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 Time in Volume of gas collected in cm3
seconds Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Mean

0 0 0 0 0 0

40 46 30 47 49 X

80 78 83 83 82 82

120 98 94 96 95 96

160 100 100 100 100 100

The table below shows the student’s results for the experiment with hydrochloric acid of a lower
concentration.

(c) Calculate mean value X in the table above. Do not include the anomalous result in
your calculation. Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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X = ______________________ cm3 (2)

(d) Plot the data from the table above on Figure 2. You should include your answer to
Question (c). You do not need to draw a line of best fit.

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 (2)

Figure 3 shows results of the experiment with the hydrochloric acid of a higher concentration.

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(e) Calculate the mean rate of reaction between 0 and 50 seconds. Use Figure 3 and
the equation:

___________________________________________________________________

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Mean rate of reaction = ______________________ cm3/s (2)

(f) Describe how the rate of reaction changes between 0 and 160 seconds. Use Figure 3.

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___________________________________________________________________ (3)

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(g) The student concludes that the rate of reaction is greater when the concentration of
hydrochloric acid is higher.

Why is the rate of reaction greater when the concentration of hydrochloric acid is
higher?

Tick two boxes.

The particles are moving faster

The particles have more energy

The surface area of magnesium is smaller

There are more particle collisions each second

There are more particles in the same volume

(2)

(h) The student tests the gas produced by bubbling it through limewater.

No change is seen in the limewater.

Give one conclusion the student can make about the gas.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(i) The student tests the gas produced using a burning splint.

Name the gas the student is testing for.

Give the result of a positive test for this gas.

Name of gas ________________________________________________________

Result _____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 17 marks)

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Q2.
When sodium thiosulfate solution reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid, the solution
becomes cloudy.

The equation for the reaction is:

Na2S2O3(aq) + 2 HCl(aq) ⟶ 2 NaCl(aq) + SO2(g) + H2O(l) + S(s)

(a) Why does the solution become cloudy?

___________________________________________________________________

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(2)

Some students used this reaction to investigate the effect of concentration on rate of
reaction.

The diagram shows the apparatus used.

This is the method used.

1. Measure 25 cm3 sodium thiosulfate solution into a conical flask.

2. Stand the conical flask on a cross drawn on paper.
3. Add 10 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid.
4. Time how long it takes the cross to become no longer visible.
5. Repeat steps 1–4 with sodium thiosulfate solutions of different concentrations.

(b) The students used a measuring cylinder to measure 25 cm3 of sodium thiosulfate
solution.

Suggest a more accurate way of measuring 25 cm3 of sodium thiosulfate solution.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

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(c) Name one control variable the students should use in this investigation.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

The table shows the students’ results.

Concentration of sodium
Time for cross to become
thiosulfate solution in mol /
no longer visible in s
dm3

0.020 170

0.040 90

0.060 82

0.080 42

0.100 34

0.120 30

0.140 28

(d) Plot the data from the table above on the graph below.

Draw a line of best fit.

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 (3)

The students repeated the investigation two more times. They obtained similar results each time.

(e) What word describes an investigation by the same students which gives similar
results each time?

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(1)

(f) Describe how the students can use their results to improve the accuracy of the investigation.

___________________________________________________________________

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(2)

(g) The students analysed their results to give a conclusion and an explanation for their
investigation.

Conclusion: ‘The higher the concentration, the lower the rate of reaction.’

Explanation: ‘At higher concentrations, the particles have more energy, so they are
moving faster. Therefore the collisions are more energetic.’

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 The students are not correct.
Give a correct conclusion and explanation for the results of the investigation.

Conclusion _________________________________________________________

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Explanation _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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(3)

(h) A solution containing 0.18 g of sodium thiosulfate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid
in 2 minutes. Calculate the mean rate of reaction in g / s. Give your answer in
standard form.

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Mean rate of reaction = ____________________ g / s (3) (Total 16 marks)

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