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    B Cells

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    aagrawal

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    B Cells

    Uploaded by

    aagrawal
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    B cells

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    4 views12 pages

    B Cells

    Uploaded by

    aagrawal

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    Please go though the videos sent earlier.

    Overview of B cell Development

    Signals from bone


    marrow stromal cells.
    e.g, IL-7, CXCL12. c- Immuno-competent
    kit mature B cells expressing
    mIgM & mIgD
    - Help in induction of
    primary Transcription
    factors required for B
    cell development

    Activation of B cells: T
    cell dependent and T
    cell independent
    Germinal Centers:
    In Spleen and
    Lymph nodes

    Kuby Fig. 11.1


    Stages of B cell development
    TF: PAX5 1st Check point
    Blocking of non B cell lineage proteins *Pre BCR signaling

    Pre-Pro B Cell Early pro-B cell Late pro-B cell Large pre-B cell
    TF: EBF1 &E2A
    - Expression of B cell proteins 2 Check point
    nd

    Expression of mIgM Spleen

    T1 B cells T2 B cells
    -ve selection +ve selection by
    Small/Late pre-B cell Immature B cell BAFF signaling
    Negative selection in BM

    Mature B cell
    Ligation of the pre-B cell receptor
    * Pre-BCR: Arranged μ heavy chain +Surrogate light chain

    Large Unconfirmed ligand of


    Pre-B pre-B cell receptor

    1. Suppresses further H chain rearrangement


    2. Proliferation
    Stromal cell 3. Rearrangement of light chain

    • Pre-B cell receptor ligation is essential for B cell development


    • B cells have several opportunities to rearrange their antigen receptors
    • Negative selection is less Stringent in B cells compared to T cells
    • Receptor Editing: Immature B cells with mIgM are susceptible to tolerance induction. If
    they encounter any self antigen, they re express RAG-1 and RAG-2 genes and edit their
    light chain

    • B cells are named as B1 and B2 cells. B1 cells protect gut and lungs and their antibodies
    cross react with protein and carbohydrate antigens. They are self renewing. Bridge
    between innate and adaptive immune system
    Plasma cells

    Surface Surface High rate Growth Somatic Isotype


    Ig MHC II Ig secretion hypermut’n switch

    B High Yes No Yes Yes Yes


    Mature B cell

    B
    Low No Yes No No No
    Plasma cell
    B Cell Activation by T independent and T
    dependent antigen

    Mitogen, Polyclonal B cell activators • Direct contact with T helper cells


    e.g, LPS • Class switch Recombination, Somatic
    Cross link mIgM and mIgD. Hypermutaion and memory formation
    Also involve other receptors such as
    PRRs
    Kuby Immunology
    Movement of antigen specific T and B cells within the
    lymph node after antigen encounter

    Kuby Fig. 12-9 Pg. 394

    Following antigen encounter, B cells travel to the T cell rich area and present antigen to
    the T cell specific of the same antigen
    Main steps during B-cell activation by a thymus-dependent
    antigen:

    • Soluble protein antigens which bind to membrane bound


    immunoglobulin on the surface of B Cell are internalized,
    processed and are displayed as peptide-MHC-II complexes.
    • TH cell recognizes class II MHC-antigen complex on B-cell
    surface via TCR. It also interacts with costimulatory
    molecule B7 via CD28. These interactions activates TH cell.
    Activated TH cells produces various cytokines.
    • TH cell begins to express CD40L and interacts with CD40 of
    the B Cell. The interaction between CD40 and CD40L
    provides second signal to activate B cell.
    • B cells begins to express receptors for various cytokines
    and binds to cytokines released from TH cells. Which
    activates B cell and differentiates them to plasma cells.
    • The activated B-cell clonally proliferates to produce a
    population of plasma cells and memory cells, which all
    recognize the same antigen
    • This CD40/CD40L interaction is essential for B-cell survival,
    the formation of germinal centers, the generation of
    memory-cell populations and somatic hypermutation (for
    affinity maturation).
    SHM occurs only in the variable region of the heavy and the light chains
    Kuby Pg. 403
    Kuby Pg 405

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