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    English Literature

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    rahimowdowranjan2001

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    English Literature

    Uploaded by

    rahimowdowranjan2001
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    english literature

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    English Literature

    Uploaded by

    rahimowdowranjan2001

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    1. What is the Literature?

    Literature is a science about the fiction, as a form of reflection and knowledge of life.
    2. Periods of English Literature?
    Periods of English Literature are: I) The Middle Ages. II) The Renaissance. III) English
    Literature during the Bourgeois Revolution. IV) The Enlightenment. V) The Romantic
    Movement. VI) Critical Realism in England. VII) The End of the 19th century. VIII) Modern
    English at the beginning of the 20th century. IX) Modern English from 1930 until now.
    3. Who were Britons?
    The Britons were governed by a class of priests called the Druids, who had great power over
    them.
    4. Roman invasions.
    In the 1st century before our era Britain was conquered by Rome. The Romans were practical
    men. They were greatly interested to learn from travellers that valuable metals were to be found
    in Britain. Finally they decided to conquer under the command of Julius Caesar. Many things the
    Romans taught the Britons such as building roads and bridges.
    Towards the end of the 4th century the invasion of all of Europe by barbaric people compelled
    the Romans to leave Britain for to defend their own country.
    5. German invasions.
    After the Roman invasion, Britain was conquered by German tribes called Angles, Saxons and
    Jutes. They lived in the northern and central parts of Europe. They were pagans who believed in
    many gods. The gods of the Anglo -Saxons were: Tuesco- god of Darkness, Woden- god of War,
    Thor – Thunderer and Freia -goddes of Prosperity.
    6. Who was the first King?
    Britain became divided into 7 kingdom: Kent, Sussex, Essex, Wessex, Mercia, East Anglia and
    Northumbria.
    They spoke in 4 dialects. Angles spoke in the Northumbrian dialect and the Mercian dialect.
    Saxons spoke in the West – Saxon dialect. Jutes spoke in Kentish dialect.
    The first King to rule over all of them was Egbert, king of Wessex.
    7. What are the Runes?
    Britons had letters, called runes which they carved on stone and wood.
    Runes- are letters carved on stone and wood in the 5th century in Britain.
    8. What are the famous saga, poem, ballad and romance in English literature?
    Njál's Saga, or the Saga of Burnt Njál, is one of the most famous. In Old English (Anglo-Saxon),
    Beowulf is a saga written in England, and written in a West Midlands dialect.
    “King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table” is the famous romance was based on Celtic
    legend. King Arthur was a historical character and the national hero of the Celts, was described
    as an ideal feudal king.
    One of the most popular ballad was about The Robin Hood, who was an outlaw. The Robin
    Hood ballads consist of 40 seperate ballads, were written in the 14th and 15th centuries. Robin
    Hood was the England’s favourite hero, lived in Sherwood Forest.
    9. The best representatives of the Anglo-Saxon period.
    Caedmon – lived in the 7th century. He was a shepherd at Whitby. He composed hymns and a
    poem, the ‘Paraphrase’.
    Cynewulf – was a monk who lived at the end of the 8th century. Two of his poems, ‘Elene’ and
    ‘Juliana’ are notable because they are the first Anglo-Saxon works to introduce women
    characters.
    Venerable Bede – was the greatest writer of the Anglo-Saxon period. He was brought up in the
    monasteries of Northumbria. He wrote mostly in Latin. His famous book was The History of the
    English Church.
    Alfred the Great – was the king of England(Wessex) and a Latin scholar. He had travelled on the
    continent and France. He drew up a code of law. He translated the Church history of Bede from
    Latin into Anglo- Saxon. His famous work was ‘Anglo-Saxon Chronicle’.
    10. Best representatives of Anglo-Norman period.

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