Case Studies

CASE STUDIES
Unit 7: Human Communities and Environment
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: The Campaign was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on
02 October, 2014 at Rajghat, New Delhi with an aim to make India clean.
Objectives of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan:
• To eradicate the system of open defecation in India.
• To convert the insanitary toilets into pour flush toilets.
• To remove the system of manual scavenging.
• To make people aware of healthy sanitation practices by bringing behavioural changes in

people.
Suggestions to make this movement more effective and successful:
 Sustained involvement of multiple stakeholders: While it was heartening to see

celebrities and Government officials sweeping the streets on 2nd October, it is
important to ensure that the interest of all stakeholders (politicians, bureaucrats,
NGOs, private enterprises, funders and communities) is sustained and they work
towards this goal in a concerted fashion.
 Focus on changing behaviours: Changing behaviours of people towards a clean
surroundings is crucial and this is where the engagement of community-based
organisations and community leaders will be critical. While involvement of celebrities
can help (Mr Amitabh Bachchan has successfully been the Goodwill Ambassador for
polio eradication), it will be imperative to understand local cultures, motivations and
belief systems.
 More importantly, hygiene education needs to be made a compulsory part of the
school curriculum, as opposed to leaving it to the discretion of State Education Boards
to decide whether or not they want to include it.
National Green Corps (NGC)
 MoEFCC embarked upon a major initiative for creating environmental awareness

among children by formulating National Green Corps (NGC) in 2001-02.
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CASE STUDIES
 Children are triggers for a chain reaction, making a difference at the local and
community level which in due course lead to awareness at village, city, state, country
and global level.
 NGC Programme aims at building cadres of young children working towards
environmental conservation and sustainable development.
 Operated through Eco-clubs set up in schools registered as members of NGC, this
programme exposes school children to in-depth field experiences, and provides
opportunities to convert their ideas into creative action.
 This programme seeks to redirect the consciousness of students towards environment
friendly attitudes and actions and goes beyond schools, promoting school-society
interactions to sensitize the society.
 The number of schools supported under NGC per district is 250 with annual grant for
each Eco-club being Rs.20,000/-. An additional amount of Rs. 25,000/- per district is
given for monitoring at the district level.
CNG Vehicles in Delhi
 During the 70‟s and 80‟s Delhi, the national capital, saw an unprecedented growth in
population, vehicles and small scale industries, which caused serious ecological
imbalance and environmental degradation.
 Delhi, in terms of air pollution, was ranked fourth among the 41 most polluted cities
in the world, in the 90‟s.
 Delhi has experienced an exponential growth in the number of personalized vehicles
over the last two decades. The rising trend in air pollution load from vehicular exhaust
can also be noticed from the rise in the consumption of both major auto fuels i.e.
petrol and diesel.
 Rapid population growth along with the high rate of urbanization and industrialization
and an increase in motorized transport has resulted in an increase in the levels of
various air pollutants, namely (1) Oxides of Sulphur, (2) Oxides of Nitrogen, (3)
Suspended Particulate Matter, (4) Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter, (5)
Carbon Monoxide, (6) Lead, (7) Ozone, (8) Benzene, (9) and Hydrocarbons.
 As a measure to counter the increasing air pollution load in Delhi, the Hon‟ble
Supreme Court passed the orders to move all the public transport on CNG by March
31, 2001.
10
CASE STUDIES
National Environmental Awareness Campaign (NEAC)
 National Environment Awareness Campaign (NEAC) is an important campaign of the

Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India.
 This campaign was initially organised in 1986, with the objective of creating
environmental awareness at the national level and, since then, it has become an annual
activity.
 This is one of the major programmes of the MoEF that involves public participation in
conservation and management of the environment.
 The main objective of the programme is to create awareness amongst the public and
make environmental protection a peoples‟ movement, where all unite and are
involved in environmental protection measures.
 In this campaign, nominal financial assistance is provided from all over the country
for conducting awareness raising and action oriented activities.
‘Eco-club’ Programme
 Eco Clubs play an important role in creating environmental awareness amongst the
future generation.
 2000 Eco-Clubs have been established in Government, Aided, Private, Public Schools
and Colleges of NCT of Delhi.
 Department of Environment provides increased token grant @Rs. 20,000-/ to each
Eco Club School/College for undertaking various Eco-friendly activities.
 The activities under the scheme include:
 Motivate the students to keep their surroundings green and clean by undertaking
plantation of trees.
 Promote ethos of conservation of water by minimizing the use of water.
 Motivate students to imbibe habits and life style for minimum waste generation,
source separation of waste and disposing the waste to the nearest storage point.
 Sensitize the students to minimize the use of plastic bags, not to throw them in
public places as they choke drains and sewers, cause water logging and provide
breeding ground for mosquitoes.
 Organize tree plantation programmes, awareness programmes such as Quiz,
essay, painting competitions, rallys, nukkad natak etc.
11
CASE STUDIES
 Organize Nature Trail in Wild Life Sanctuaries/Parks/Forest areas to know about

the Bio-diversity.
12

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Unit 7: Human Communities and Environment

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Objectives of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan:

• To eradicate the system of open defecation in India.

• To convert the insanitary toilets into pour flush toilets.

• To remove the system of manual scavenging.

• To make people aware of healthy sanitation practices by bringing behavioural changes in

Suggestions to make this movement more effective and successful:

 Sustained involvement of multiple stakeholders: While it was heartening to see

National Green Corps (NGC)

 MoEFCC embarked upon a major initiative for creating environmental awareness

CNG Vehicles in Delhi

National Environmental Awareness Campaign (NEAC)

 National Environment Awareness Campaign (NEAC) is an important campaign of the

 Organize Nature Trail in Wild Life Sanctuaries/Parks/Forest areas to know about

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