DO DUC Thuan 20191114 Midterm 1 1

Student’s name: Do Duc Thuan
ID: 20191114
Instructor: Mrs.Tran Van Anh
LAB REPORT
DETERMINATION OF THE VISCOSITY OF HIGH-MOLECULAR
SOLUTIONS POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL IN WATER
I. Introduction
Viscosity is a physical quantity that describes the internal resistance that
molecules in a solution create to resist movement under the influence of external
forces. The objective of this experiment is to determine the viscosity of a solution of
polyethylene glycol in water. Measuring the role that polymer solutions viscosity
plays very important role, because it allows determining the molecular weight,
structure and many other properties of these polymers. In the low concentration
range, the short viscosity of the polymer solution increases proportionally to the
concentration.
II. Methodology
In this article, we will use the Ostwald viscometer to measure dynamic

viscosity. The Ostwald viscometer was a U-shaped glass instrument consisting
of branches 1 and 2. Before measuring, the viscometer must be cleaned and then
rinsed with distilled water. The viscometer was placed in the thermostat. The
water level is above the level of branch 2. Ten milliliters of liquid was drawn
with a pipette into branch 1. The rubber hose connected to branch 1 slowly
pumps the liquid about 1 cm above level a. The liquid must flow naturally and a
stopwatch is used to determine the time it takes for the liquid to flow from level
a to level b. Repeat at least 3 times to get the average value.
The thermostat was set at 20 or 25 degrees Celsius. Pure water is

measured for viscosity. Then the polyethylene glycol solution was measured for
viscosity at the following concentrations: c = 5; 8; 10; 20; 25% by mass of
polyethylene glycol was water. C was the concentration of polyethylene glycol
solution in water.
Note: each measurement must wait about 5 minutes for the entire solution to
stabilize at the temperature to be measured.
2
1
III. Results
After the experiment, the following results were obtained:

a
Test temperature= 310 C
b
Water viscosity at test temperature= 0.801( mN.s/ m2)
Water flow time= 24.13 (s)
The results obtained in this experiment are summarized in Table 1. This data is
presented graphically in Figure 2. Figure 1: Ostwald
viscometer
6
Reduced viscosity
0
5 8 10 15 20 25
% concentration by weight( %)
experimental score Linear (experimental score)
Figure 2: Relationship between concentration % by weight and reduced

viscosity of a solution of polyethylene glycol in water
IV. Discussion
Form the table 1 we see: as the solution concentration in creases, the
viscosity also increases. Polymer solutions often have a much higher viscosity
than the viscosity of conventional solutions and colloidal systems of the same
concentration. Therefore the polymer solution used to measure viscosity must
have a very dilute concentration.
Viscosity is determined by formula:
lim ŋᵣ/C=[ŋ]
C→0
Form the graph figure 2 shows the relationship between concentration

and viscosity. When connecting performance points together, the theoretical
linearity is not accurately expressed.
The cause of errors is due to experimental conditions: errors due to
tools, errors in the measurement process, the thermostat does not maintain
exactly the same temperature... Errors can be minimized by keeping the
temperature stable. During the experiment, increase how many measures
there are to get the average value. Each measurement should wait at least 5
minutes for the entire solution to stabilize at the temperature to be measured
(20C or 25C) before measuring.
V. Conclusion
Experimental results show the dependence of the viscosity of
polyethylene glycol solutions in water on concentration. When concentration
decreases, viscosity also decreases and vice versa. Based on these
relationships, it can be concluded that in a small concentration range, viscosity
decreases proportionally to macromolecular concentration. At different
solution temperatures and concentrations, they have different viscosities.
appendix1. Raw and processed experimental data
Table 1: Viscosity of a solution of polyethylene glycol in water
concentration% by Time- T(s) Viscosity Specific Reduced

weight ŋ( mN.s/m2) viscosity- ŋᵣ viscosity- ŋ/C1
5 30.47 0.988 0.195 3.90
8 33.33 1.080 0.307 3.915
10 36.11 1.165 0.410 4.20
15 42.23 1.375 0.680 4.530
20 52.53 1.692 1.10 5.35

25 79.14 2.58 2.115 8.437
References
[1] Cao Hong Ha et. Al., Thi nghiem Hoa ly [Physical chemistry laboratory
manual], (in Vietnamese). Nha xuat ban Bach Khoa Ha Noi, 2020.
[2] Nguyễn Hữu Phú, Hóa lý & Hóa keo, Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và Kĩ thuật, 2006.

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DO DUC Thuan 20191114 Midterm 1 1

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Student’s name: Do Duc Thuan

In this article, we will use the Ostwald viscometer to measure dynamic

The thermostat was set at 20 or 25 degrees Celsius. Pure water is

After the experiment, the following results were obtained:

Water flow time= 24.13 (s)

experimental score Linear (experimental score)

Figure 2: Relationship between concentration % by weight and reduced

Form the graph figure 2 shows the relationship between concentration

concentration% by Time- T(s) Viscosity Specific Reduced

5 30.47 0.988 0.195 3.90

8 33.33 1.080 0.307 3.915

10 36.11 1.165 0.410 4.20

15 42.23 1.375 0.680 4.530

20 52.53 1.692 1.10 5.35

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