WCMS MITFGC

Web Content Management System

Unit I
Introduction Web Content Development and Management Web content development and
management in simple terms refers to the process of creating, organizing, and taking care of
the information and media that you see on websites.
What is Content?
Content is information produced through editorial process and ultimately intended for human
consumption via publication. Content is in essence, any type or 'unit' of digital information.
It can be text, images, graphics, video, sound, documents, records etc.

What is a Content Management System?

A content management system (CMS) is software that allows users to create, manage, and
publish content on a website. A web content management system (WCMS) is a type of CMS
that allows users to manage website information without any knowledge of programming
languages
• A CMS is usually server-based, multiuser software that interacts with content stored in a
Repository. This repository might be located on the same server, as part of the same
software package, or in a separate storage facility entirely.

• A CMS allows editors to create new content, edit existing content, perform editorial
processes on content, and ultimately make that content available to other people to
consume it.

Features of Web content management system

Content Creation:
With a user-friendly content management system (CMS), you can create and edit website
content without the need for coding knowledge. This means you can easily add text, upload
images, embed videos, and format your content using intuitive tools similar to word
processing software.

Organization:
Categories and tags help organize your content into logical groupings, making it easier for
visitors to navigate your website and find the information they're interested in. Categories
provide broad classifications, while tags offer more specific labels, allowing for precise
content organization.

Customization:
Customizing the look and feel of your website is essential for branding and creating a
memorable user experience. Themes provide pre-designed layouts and styles that you can
apply to your website, while color schemes and font choices help establish your brand
identity or personal style.

Publishing:
Publishing your content to your website is a straightforward process with modern CMS
platforms. Once you've created or edited your content, you can simply click a button to make
it live on your site, instantly accessible to your audience. This quick turnaround time is
crucial for keeping your website fresh and engaging.

User Management:
Managing user accounts, roles, and permissions allows you to control who can access and
edit your website content. User accounts ensure accountability and security, while roles and
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permissions enable you to delegate specific tasks and responsibilities to different team
members or collaborators.

Analytics:
Analytics tools provide valuable insights into how people interact with your website. By
tracking metrics such as page views, bounce rates, and user engagement, you can gain a
better understanding of your audience's behaviour and preferences. This data helps you make
informed decisions about content strategy, user experience improvements, and overall
website optimization.
Advantages of web content management system

Easy to Use: CMS platforms are simple and easy to use, even for people who aren't tech-
savvy.

Quick Updates: You can update your website quickly without needing to know complicated
coding.

Content Organization: CMS helps you keep your content organized, making it easy for
visitors to find what they need.

Multiple Users: Many CMS platforms allow multiple users to work on the website at the
same time, making collaboration easier.

Templates and Themes: You can choose from a variety of templates and themes to
customize the look of your website without starting from scratch.

SEO-Friendly: CMS platforms often come with built-in features to help improve your
website's search engine visibility.

Disadvantages:
Learning Curve: While CMS platforms are easy to use, there is still a learning curve
involved in getting used to the platform.

Limitations: Some CMS platforms have limitations in terms of customization and flexibility
compared to custom-built websites

Security Risks: Since CMS platforms are widely used, they can be targeted by hackers, so
you need to stay vigilant about security.

Plugin Dependency: You might become dependent on plugins for additional features, which
can sometimes slow down your website or cause compatibility issues.

Costs: While many CMS platforms offer free versions, some advanced features and plugins
may require payment, which can add up over time.

Updates and Maintenance: Regular updates and maintenance are necessary to keep your
CMS and plugins secure and functioning properly.

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Content Types
neatly. They set rules for how each type of content looks and behaves on the site. For
example, they make sure articles, pictures, videos, and other things on a website have a
consistent and organized appearance. Content Management Systems (CMS) support various
content types to help users manage and display different types of content on their websites or
digital platforms. Common

Content types in WCMS include:

Text Content:
This encompasses written information such as articles, blog posts, product descriptions, and
any other textual content. Text content is typically the backbone of many websites and
provides valuable information to users.
Images: CMS platforms allow users to upload and manage images. These images can be
used within articles, galleries, or as part of the website design to enhance visual appeal and
engage visitors.
Videos: Some CMS platforms support video content, enabling users to upload, embed, or
link to videos. This feature is valuable for websites that rely on video content, such as
tutorials, vlogs, promotional videos, or educational materials.
Audio: CMS platforms may offer options for managing audio files, such as podcasts or music
tracks. Users can upload audio files, create playlists, and embed audio players within their
website content to provide auditory experiences for visitors.
Documents: This category includes file types like PDFs, Word documents, spread sheets,
and other document formats that users can upload and make available for download.
Documents can contain additional information, resources, or guides that complement the
textual and multimedia content on the website.
Rich Media: CMS platforms can handle rich media formats like interactive multimedia
presentations or Flash animations. Rich media content is dynamic and engaging, often
including elements like animation, audio, video, and interactive features. It can be used to
create immersive experiences and captivate the audience.
Structured Data: CMS platforms can manage structured data, which organizes content in a
systematic manner. This includes product listings for e-commerce sites, event details, or user
profiles. Structured data is often used for dynamic content generation, allowing websites to
display information in a structured and consistent format.
Metadata: Metadata refers to additional information about content items that help with
search engine optimization (SEO), categorization, and organization. Users can add metadata
such as titles, descriptions, and tags to improve search ability and enhance the user
experience.
Menus and Navigation: The CMS manages the structure of the website, including menus,
navigation links, and site maps. This feature enables users to organize content and create
intuitive navigation pathways for visitors to explore the site easily.
Widgets and Plugins: Users can enhance the functionality of their CMS by adding custom
widgets or plugins. These add-ons extend the capabilities of the CMS and allow users to
integrate additional features and services into their websites without extensive coding.

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Forms: CMS platforms enable users to create and manage forms for various purposes such as
user input, contact forms, surveys, and registrations. Forms are essential for gathering
information from visitors and facilitating interactions on the website.
Events: CMS platforms may support event management features, including event listings,
calendars, and registration forms. Users can create, manage, and promote events directly
through the CMS.
Galleries: CMS platforms can organize and display image or video galleries, allowing users
to showcase visual content in an appealing and structured manner.
Social Media Feeds: Integration with social media platforms enables websites to display
social media posts and feeds directly on their pages, enhancing engagement and fostering
connections with visitors.
Dynamic Content: Some CMS platforms support dynamic content, which can be
personalized based on user interactions, preferences, or demographics. Dynamic content
helps create more engaging and relevant experiences for website visitors.
User Profiles: For community-driven sites, CMS platforms may include user profiles with
information about registered users. User profiles facilitate social interactions, content
contributions, and personalized experiences within the website community.
Newsletters: CMS often integrates with email marketing tools to manage and send
newsletters. Users can create, schedule, and distribute newsletters to subscribers directly from
the CMS platform.
Custom Content Types: Many CMS systems allow users to define custom content types
tailored to their specific needs. This feature enables users to structure and manage content in
a way that aligns with their unique requirements, workflows, and business objectives.
Formats: In the context of Content Management Systems (CMS), "formats" typically refer to
the way content is structured or presented. These formats help determine how content appears
to both website administrators and visitors. Here are two common aspects of formats in CMS:
Content Format: Content format refers to how textual information is structured and styled
within a CMS. This includes elements such as:
Fonts: Users can choose from a variety of fonts to give their text a specific look and feel.
Text Sizes: Users can adjust the size of text to emphasize certain information or improve
readability.
Colours: Users can customize text colours to match their website's branding or to create
visual hierarchy.
Headings: Headings help organize content hierarchically, making it easier for visitors to scan
and understand.
Paragraphs: Proper use of paragraphs improves readability and breaks up large blocks of
text..

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FORMATS
Content Format:
Textual Content Structure: This refers to how textual content is organized and presented
within the CMS. It includes elements such as headings (H1, H2, H3, etc.), paragraphs, lists
(bulleted or numbered), blockquotes, and more. These elements help structure the content
hierarchically, making it easier to read and understand.
Text Styling: CMS often provides tools for users to apply various text styling options such as
bold, italic, underline, strikethrough, and different font styles. Users can also choose text
colors and sizes to enhance readability and visual appeal.
Text Alignment: Users can align text to the left, right, center, or justify it to create a clean
and professional look for their content.
Hyperlinks: CMS allows users to insert hyperlinks within their content to direct visitors to
other pages or external websites. Users can also customize the appearance of hyperlinks, such
as changing the color or adding underline effects.
Rich Media Embedding: Some CMS platforms support embedding rich media content
directly into textual content, including images, videos, audio files, and interactive elements
like maps or social media posts.

Media Format:
Image Formatting: CMS provides tools for users to upload and display images on their
website. Users can resize, crop, rotate, and flip images to fit the desired dimensions and
aspect ratios. Additionally, CMS may offer options for optimizing image quality and file size
for faster loading times.
Video and Audio Players: CMS platforms often include built-in media players or support
for third-party plugins to embed videos and audio files into web pages. Users can customize
the appearance and behavior of these players, such as autoplay, loop, and controls visibility.
Image Galleries and Slideshows: CMS may offer features for creating image galleries or
slideshows to showcase multiple images in a visually appealing way. Users can choose from
different gallery styles, transitions, and navigation controls to enhance the user experience.
Media Positioning: Users can position media files within web pages using layout options
provided by the CMS. This includes placing images and videos inline with textual content,
aligning them to the left, right, or center, and stacking them in columns or grids for better
visual organization.

Norms and Guidelines

Norms : Definition: Norms refer to the accepted and expected patterns of behavior, actions,
or conduct within a particular group, culture, or society. They represent the standard or
typical behaviour that is considered appropriate and in line with the values and expectations
of that group.

Characteristics of Norms:
• Norms are socially constructed and can vary across different cultures, communities, and
contexts. • They can be explicit (formally defined rules or laws) or implicit (unspoken but
widely understood expectations).
• Norms serve as a guide for individuals on how to behave in specific situations, ensuring
social cohesion and cooperation.
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• Violating norms can result in social disapproval or even sanctions.

Guidelines
Definition: Guidelines are specific recommendations, instructions, or principles that provide
guidance or advice on how to perform a task, achieve a goal, or follow a certain standard.
They are often used in professional, educational, or procedural contexts to help individuals or
groups make informed decisions or take appropriate actions.

Characteristics of guidelines:
• Guidelines are typically more concrete and specific than norms. They offer practical steps
or suggestions to achieve a particular outcome.
• They are often created by experts or authorities in a field to ensure best practices and
consistency.
• Guidelines can change over time as new information, technology, or methods emerge, and
they may be updated accordingly.

Norms and Guidelines of Content Development

Content development involves creating various types of content, such as articles, blog posts,
videos, social media posts, and more. To ensure high quality and effective content, it's
essential to follow norms and guidelines. These norms and guidelines can vary depending on
the type of content and the specific goals of your content strategy. However, here are some
general norms and guidelines for content development:

Audience Understanding:
1. Know your target audience and their preferences.
2. Understand their needs, pain points, and interests.
3. Create content that resonates with your audience.

Clear Objectives:
1. Define clear objectives for your content.
2. Determine what you want to achieve with each piece of content.
3. Align your content with your overall marketing or communication goals.

Keyword Research (for SEO):

1. Conduct keyword research to identify relevant keywords.
2. Incorporate keywords naturally into your content to improve search engine visibility.

Content Strategy
1. Develop a content strategy that outlines topics, formats, and publishing schedules.
2. Ensure your content aligns with your brand's voice and style

Quality Content
1. Focus on providing valuable and informative content.

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2. Write in a clear, concise, and engaging manner.

3. Avoid grammatical errors and typos.
4. Use credible sources for research and fact-checking.

Visual Elements
1. Incorporate visuals like images, videos, infographics, and charts to enhance your content.
2. Ensure visual elements are relevant and of high quality.

Readability and Structure

1. Use headings, subheadings, and bullet points for better readability.
2. Organize content logically with a clear beginning, middle, and end.

Mobile-Friendly Design
1. Optimize content for mobile devices to reach a broader audience.
2. Ensure that your website or platform is responsive.
Accessibility
1. Make content accessible to all, including people with disabilities.
2. Use alt text for images, provide closed captions for videos, and use readable fonts and
colours.

Definition of graphics
In a general sense, refer to visual representations or images that convey information, ideas, or
aesthetics. Graphics can take various forms and serve different purposes.
Here are some key aspects of graphics:
Visual Representation: Graphics provide a way to visually represent data, concepts, or
objects. They are often used to make information more accessible and understandable to
people.
Digital and Non-Digital: Graphics can be both digital, created and displayed on electronic
devices, or non-digital, such as hand-drawn illustrations, paintings, or printed images.
2D and 3D: Graphics can exist in two dimensions (2D), like drawings and images on paper
or screens, or in three dimensions (3D), representing objects or scenes with depth and
volume.
Types of Graphics: Graphics can include various forms, such as illustrations, photographs,
charts, diagrams, maps, animations, and more.
Communication and Expression: Graphics are used for communication, conveying
information, instructions, and ideas. They are also used for artistic expression, enabling
creativity and aesthetic appeal.

Applications
Graphics are employed in a wide range of fields, including art, design, advertising, science,
engineering, entertainment, education, and technology.

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In the context of computers and technology, "computer graphics" specifically refers to the
creation, manipulation, and display of visual content using digital technology. Computer
graphics encompass both 2D and 3D graphics, including animations, simulations, and
graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in software applications.

Digital Graphics
Images: These include photographs, illustrations, icons, and logos used throughout the
website to engage users visually and convey information effectively. Images are uploaded,
managed, and displayed within the CMS interface.
Graphics for User Interface (UI): Graphics are utilized to design and customize the user
interface of the website, including buttons, navigation menus, backgrounds, and other
interactive elements. These graphics help improve user experience and make the website
visually appealing.
Multimedia Content: Digital graphics also encompass multimedia elements such as videos,
animations, and audio files embedded within web pages. These elements enrich the content
and engage users in different ways.
Responsive Design Graphics: With the rise of mobile devices, digital graphics in CMS often
involve designing responsive layouts and images that adapt to different screen sizes and
resolutions. This ensures optimal viewing experiences across various devices.
Accessibility Graphics: Graphics play a role in ensuring web accessibility by providing
alternative text descriptions (alt text) for images, captions for videos, and other accessibility
features. These help users with disabilities access and understand the content.
Raster Graphics: Also known as bitmap graphics, these are composed of individual pixels
arranged in a grid. Common raster file formats include JPEG, PNG, and GIF.
Vector Graphics: These are composed of mathematical equations that describe shapes and
lines. They can be scaled without loss of quality and are commonly used in logo design (e.g.,
with formats like SVG)
Graphic Design: The creation of visual content for various purposes, such as advertising,
branding, web design, and print media.
Video Game Graphics: Graphics play a crucial role in the visual aspects of video games,
including character design, environment creation, and special effects.

Creating Digital Graphics in CMS

Creating digital graphics within a Content Management System (CMS) typically involves
integrating images, illustrations, or visual content into your website or digital platform. Here
are the general steps for creating and managing digital graphics within a CMS
Access the CMS Dashboard: Log in to your CMS account and access the dashboard where
you can manage your website's content and settings.
Access the Content Editor: Navigate to the section where you can edit or create content.
This is usually where you manage pages, posts, or articles.
Navigate to the Media Library: Find the section or option within the CMS dashboard that
allows you to manage media files, such as images, videos, and other digital assets. This is
often referred to as the "Media Library" or "Media Manager.

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Upload Images: Click on the option to upload new media files. Choose the digital graphics
files you want to upload from your computer or device. Depending on the CMS platform, you
may be able to upload multiple files at once.

Organize Media Files: Once uploaded, you can organize your digital graphics within the
media library by creating folders or categories to sort them based on content type, purpose, or
other criteria. This helps keep your media library organized and easy to navigate.
Edit and Modify Graphics: Many CMS platforms offer basic image editing tools directly
within the media library. You can crop, resize, rotate, and adjust the brightness or contrast of
your digital graphics as needed. Some CMS platforms also support more advanced editing
features or integration with external image editing software.
Add Metadata and Descriptions: For each digital graphic, add descriptive metadata such as
titles, alt text (alternative text used for accessibility purposes), captions, and tags. This
metadata helps improve search ability, accessibility, and organization of your media files.
Insert Graphics into Content: Once your digital graphics are uploaded and organized, you
can easily insert them into your website's pages, posts, or other content areas using the CMS's
content editor. Simply select the desired graphic from the media library and insert it into the
content area where you want it to appear.
Optimize Graphics for Web: Before publishing your content, ensure that your digital
graphics are optimized for the web to minimize file size and improve loading times. This may
involve compressing images, choosing appropriate file formats (e.g., JPEG, PNG, GIF), and
optimizing dimensions and resolution for different display devices.
Preview and Publish: After adding digital graphics to your content, preview how it looks on
your website to ensure everything appears as intended. Once you're satisfied, publish your
content to make it live and accessible to your website visitors.
Monitor and Update: Regularly review and update your digital graphics as needed to keep
your website content fresh, relevant, and visually engaging. Use analytics and user feedback
to assess the performance of your graphics and make improvements over time.

Example Considering word press as an example

Add the title of the page and click on plus mark

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Select gallery if you need to put multiple images or select image if you need to put single
image to the page

you can add title to the image if its required. Page and block will show the settings you can
do by selecting a particular image.

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Final view of the page after image is inserted.

Audio Production And Editing

Select a CMS Platform: Choose a CMS platform that supports audio capabilities. Popular
CMS options like WordPress, Drupal, and Joomla offer plugins or modules for managing
audio content.
Install Audio Plugins or Modules: Install and activate audio plugins or modules provided
by the CMS platform or available from third-party developers. These plugins/modules extend
the functionality of the CMS to support audio playback, uploading, and management.
Upload Audio Files: Access the media management section of your CMS dashboard and
upload the audio files you want to use on your website. Ensure that the audio files are in
compatible formats supported by the CMS and optimized for web playback.
Organize Audio Files: Organize your audio files within the media library by creating folders
or categories based on content type, purpose, or other criteria. This helps keep your audio
files organized and easily accessible.
Edit and Enhance Audio: Depending on the capabilities of your CMS and associated
plugins/modules, you may be able to perform basic audio editing tasks directly within the
CMS interface. This could include trimming, adjusting volume levels, adding fade-ins/fade-
outs, and applying audio effects.
Add Metadata: For each audio file, add descriptive metadata such as titles, descriptions,
tags, and alternative text (if applicable). This metadata helps improve searchability,
accessibility, and organization of your audio content.
Insert Audio into Content: Using the CMS's content editor, insert audio files into your
website's pages, posts, or other content areas where you want them to appear. Some CMS
platforms provide dedicated audio embed options or short codes for easy integration.
Configure Audio Settings: Configure audio playback settings such as auto play, loop, and
controls visibility based on your website's design and user experience preferences. Ensure
that audio files are optimized for seamless playback across different devices and browsers.
Preview and Publish: Preview how your audio content appears and functions within your
website to ensure everything works as intended. Once satisfied, publish your content to make
it live and accessible to your website visitors.

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Monitor and Update: Regularly review and update your audio content as needed to keep it
relevant and engaging for your audience. Monitor analytics and user feedback to assess the
performance of your audio content and make improvements over time.
Example considering word press

Select the audio option to upload the audio into the webpage

Upload the required audio and if you want to make any changes to the audio then you can do
that in settings, you will get the options like auto play, loop, also you can choose the preload
options if its necessary.

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Final view of the webpage after the audio is uploaded.

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