ZigBee New

ABSTRACT
A wireless technological device which is popular for

extremely low power and low bit rate wireless PAN
technology called “ZigBee". It is designed for Wireless
Automation and low data risks. ZigBee enables new
opportunities for wireless sensors and control networks.
ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high-level
communication protocols used to create personal area
networks built from small, low-power digital radios.
ZigBee devices can transmit data over a long-distance by-
passing data through a mesh network of intermediate
devices to reach more distant ones. It is typically used in
low data rate applications that require long battery life
and secure networking. ZigBee specification is intended to
be simpler and less expensive than other wireless personal
area networks, such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. Application
includes wireless light switches, electrical metres with in
home displays, traffic management systems, and other
equipment. Network simulators like NS2, OPNET and Net
Sim can be used to simulate ZigBee networks.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
JUST WHAT IS ZIGBEE?

ZigBee is a low cost, low power, wireless mesh network
standard targeted at wide development of long battery
life devices in wireless control and monitoring
applications. ZigBee has low latency, which further
reduces average current. ZigBee is based on an IEEE
802.15.4 standard.
Its low power consumption limits transmission distances to
10-100 metres line-of-sight, depending on power output
and environment characteristics. ZigBee is one of the
global standards of communication protocol formulated by
the relevant task force. For non-commercial purposes the
ZigBee specification is available free to the general public.
It has few analogue stages and uses digital circuits where
possible. ZigBee radios have very tight constraints on
power and bandwidth. ZigBee operates in unlicensed
bands. ISM 2.4GHz Band Global Band at
250kbps. 868MHz European Band at 20kbps. 915
MHz North American Band at 450 kbps
2.0 THEORY
Bluetooth is focused on connectivity between laptops and

IPADS as well as more general cable replacement. It can
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only connect two devices at once. It can support the
smaller number of nodes and battery usage is more. Both
ZigBee and Bluetooth wireless protocols are widely used
for local communication in IOT.
ZigBee is focused on control and automation. It uses low
data rates, low cost, low power consumption and works
with small packet devices. ZigBee supports a large number
of devices and a longer range between devices than
Bluetooth. This, theoretically, enables the mixing of
implementations from different manufacturers, but in
practice, Zigbee products have been extended and
customised by vendors and, thus, plagued by
interoperability issues. In contrast to WIFI networks used
to connect endpoints to high-speed networks, Zigbee
supports much lower data rates and uses a Mesh
Networking protocol to avoid hub devices and create a
self-healing architecture.
2.0 ARCHITECTURE
ZigBee Architecture is a combination of 6 layers. They are:
Application Layer
Application Interface Layer
Security Layer
Network Layer
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Medium Access Control Layer
Physical Layer
The Application layer is present at the user level.

The Application Interface Layer, Security Layer, and
Network Layer are the Zigbee Alliance and they are used
to store data and they use the stack.
Medium Access control and the Physical layer are the IEEE
802.15.4 and they are hardware which are silicon means
they accept only 0 and 1.
The Architecture can be expressed as shown in the

diagram
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2.1 ZIGBEE DEVICE TYPES
ZigBee system consists of three different types of devices

such as:
1.ZigBee coordinator (ZC)
2.ZigBee Router (ZR)
3.ZigBee End Devices (ZED)
ZigBee Coordinator (ZC):
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The coordinator forms the root of the network tree and
might bridge to other networks.
There is exactly one ZigBee Coordinator in each network.
It stores the information about the network, including
acting in the trust centre and repository for security keys.
ZigBee Router (ZR):

A router can act as an intermediate router, passing on
data from other devices.
ZigBee End Devices (ZED):

It cannot relay data from other devices and requires the
least amount of memory and therefore can be less
expensive to manufacture.
The device types can be expressed as shown below:
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2.2 NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
The number of routers, coordinators and end devices

depends on the type of network such as:
1.Star Topology
2.Mesh Topology
3. Cluster Tree Topology
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2.2.1. STAR TOPOLOGY
In a Star Network Configuration, there is one

Coordinator and any number of End Devices. All the End
Devices are connected to the coordinator and the
individual End Devices are isolated, both physically and
electrically i.e., no direct communication between end
devices. In a Star Network Configuration, there is one
Coordinator and any number of End Devices. All the
information must pass through the coordinator, even the
information from one End.
2.2.2 CLUSTER TREE TOPOLOGY
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The Cluster Tree Topology is a type of Peer-to-Peer
Topology. In Zigbee Cluster Tree Topology, the End
Devices join the network via the Coordinator or the
Router.
As the Zigbee Router extends the range of the Zigbee
Network, the End Device need not be in the range of the
coordinator. Even in Tree Topology, the End Devices
cannot communicate with each other directly but the
Router can communicate with other Routers and the
Coordinator.
2.2.3 MESH TOPOLOGY
The Zigbee Mesh Topology is also a Peer-to-Peer

Topology and is an extension to the Cluster Tree Topology.
The End Devices that are configured as FFD can directly
communicate with other FFD Devices (either Routers or
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End Devices). But End Devices configured as RFD, still need
to communicate through Routers or Coordinators.
2.4 CHARACTERISTICS
Several standards currently exist for wireless networks,

including Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and WiMAX. ZigBee is a new
standard for wireless sensor and control networks.
It has the following characteristics:
1.Low battery consumption.
2.A ZigBee end device should operate for months or even
years without needing its battery replaced.
3.Low cost.
4.Low data rate. The maximum data rate for a ZigBee
device is 250Kbps.
4.Easy to implement. Supports up to 65,000 nodes
connected in a network. ZigBee can automatically
establish its network.ZigBee uses small packets compared
with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
3.ZIGBEE Vs BLUETOOTH
Zigbee vs. Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11

Comparing IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth and Zigbee
Technologies will help you understand how Zigbee
Technology is different from other Wireless
Page | 10
Technologies that operate in the same 2.4 GHz band.
NOTE: There are many protocols in IEEE 802.11, but we
will be considering IEEE 802.11b as it operates in the 2.4
GHz band.
The data rates of IEEE 802.11 can be as high as 11
Mbps and the typical application of this protocol is
wireless internet connection. The range of IEEE 802.11b is
up to 35meter indoors and about 100 metres outdoors.
Bluetooth Technology is a very famous and one of the
most commonly used wireless communication
technologies. The popular application of Bluetooth is
Wireless Headphones.
The data rates of Bluetooth are lower than IEEE 802.11
and are less than 3 Mbps. The indoor range of Bluetooth is
less than 10 metres.
Coming to the Zigbee Technology, it has a data rate of

250 kbps, which is the lowest among the three and the
typical range of Zigbee is between 10 metres and 100
metres.
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4.APPLICATIONS
Applications of ZigBee Technology is not limited to a

certain level but because of being cost-effective, low-
power battery and wireless connectivity, this ZigBee
technology is used in almost every appliance if not in all.
ZigBee technology is programmed in a chip form and is
used in many devices to function automatically. For
controlling and monitoring a whole factory unit while
sitting in one cabin is possible by using ZigBee technology.
It centralises all the units in one place and enables remote
monitoring.
Page | 12
In a similar way, a home can be centralised by increasing
the security aspect. Many small equipment’s are coming
with embedded ZigBee technology chips and really works
like a miracle. ZigBee technology is swiftly prevailing in the
market by introducing devices like smoke and heat
sensors, medical and scientific equipment, control units of
home and industry and wireless communication devices.
The revolutionise turn in the field of technology with the

introduction of ZigBee technology;
the near future of ZigBee technology will prevail in almost
every walk of life.
There are some more applications based on categories

Home Automation
1.Security Systems
2.Meter Reading Systems
3.Light Control Systems
Consumer Electronics
1.Gaming Consoles
2.Wireless Mouse
3.Wireless Remote Controls
Industrial Automation
1.Asset Management
2.Personnel Tracking
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3.Livestock Tracking
5.CONCLUSION
There is an increasing number of wireless standards that

are appearing, ZigBee has a distinct area upon which it is
focused. It is not intended to compete with standards such
as Bluetooth and so on. It has been optimised to ensure
that it meets its intended requirements fulfilling the needs
for remote control and sensing applications. The cost of
applying to ZigBee PRO is relatively small. ZigBee IP
enables low-power devices to connect with other
Ethernet, Wi-Fi and home plug devices. To prevent
unwanted users accessing a network, ZigBee authorization
is used.
In future all devices and their controls will be based on
this standard.
Since Wireless Personal Area networking applies not only
to household devices, but also to individualised office
automation application, ZigBee is here to stay it is more
than likely the basis of future home networking solutions.
REFERENCES
●Ieeexplore.ieee.org
Page | 14
●Ijert.org
●geeksforgeeks.org
●electronics.hub.org
●informit.com
●wikipedia.org
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ABSTRACT

A wireless technological device which is popular for

JUST WHAT IS ZIGBEE?

Bluetooth is focused on connectivity between laptops and

ZigBee Architecture is a combination of 6 layers. They are:

The Application layer is present at the user level.

The Architecture can be expressed as shown in the

ZigBee system consists of three different types of devices

ZigBee Router (ZR):

ZigBee End Devices (ZED):

The device types can be expressed as shown below:

The number of routers, coordinators and end devices

In a Star Network Configuration, there is one

2.2.2 CLUSTER TREE TOPOLOGY

2.2.3 MESH TOPOLOGY

The Zigbee Mesh Topology is also a Peer-to-Peer

Several standards currently exist for wireless networks,

Zigbee vs. Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11

Coming to the Zigbee Technology, it has a data rate of

Applications of ZigBee Technology is not limited to a

The revolutionise turn in the field of technology with the

There are some more applications based on categories

There is an increasing number of wireless standards that

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