(NAV 8 Mix

061 00 00 00 GENERAL NAVIGATION
1. oldal
1. 1,779 061 01 01 00 The solar system
The angle between the plane of the ecliptic and the plane of equator is approximately :
23.5°
25.3°
27.5°
66.5°
2. 2,303 061 01 01 00 The solar system
Which is the highest latitude listed below at which the sun will rise above the horizon and
set every day?
66°
68°
72°
62°
3. 9,391 061 01 01 00 The solar system
In which two months of the year is the difference between the transit of the Apparent Sun
and Mean Sun across the Greenwich Meridian the greatest?
on
February and November

si
March and September

r
ve
June and December
April and August

al
4. 9,392 061 01 01 00 The solar system

tri
What is the highest latitude listed below at which the sun will reach an altitude of 90°
above the horizon at some time during the year?
ne
23°
45°
hi
66°
ac
0°
fM
5. 9,393 061 01 01 00 The solar system
Assuming mid-latitudes (40° to 50°N/S).

pd
At which time of year is the relationship between the length

of day and night, as well as the rate of change of declination
of the sun, changing at the greatest rate?
Spring equinox and autumn equinox
Summer solstice and spring equinox
summer solstice and winter solstice
Winter solstice and autumn equinox

2. oldal
6. 9,394 061 01 01 00 The solar system
At what approximate date is the earth closest to the sun (perihelion)?

Beginning of January
End of March
Beginning of July
End of June
7. 9,395 061 01 01 00 The solar system
At what approximate date is the earth furthest from the sun (aphelion)?
Beginning of July
End of December
Beginning of January
End of September
8. 11,978 061 01 01 00 The solar system
Seasons are due to the:

on
inclination of the polar axis with the ecliptic plane
Earth's elliptical orbit around the Sun
si
Earth's rotation on its polar axis

r
ve
variable distance between Earth and Sun

9. 130 061 01 02 00 The earth
al
An aircraft departs from position A (04°10' S 178°22'W) and flies northward following the
meridian for 2950 NM. It then flies westward along the parallel of latitude for 382 NM to
tri
position B.
The coordinates of position B are?
ne
45°00'N 172°38'E
hi
53°20'N 169°22W
ac
45°00'N 169°22W
53°20'N 172°38'E
fM
10. 131 061 01 02 00 The earth

pd
The angle between the true great-circle track and the true rhumb-line track joining the
following points: A (60° S 165° W) B (60° S 177° E), at the place of departure A, is:
7.8°
9°
15.6°
5.2°
3. oldal
11. 132 061 01 02 00 The earth
Given: Waypoint 1. 60°S 030°W

Waypoint 2. 60°S 020°W
What will be the approximate latitude shown on the display unit of an inertial navigation
system at longitude 025°W?
060°06'S
060°11'S
059°49'S
060°00'S
12. 133 061 01 02 00 The earth
What is the time required to travel along the parallel of latitude 60° N between meridians
010° E and 030° W at a groundspeed of 480 kt?
2 HR 30 MIN
1 HR 15 MIN
1 HR 45 MIN
5 HR 00 MIN
on
13. 1,059 061 01 02 00 The earth
Given:
si
value for the ellipticity of the Earth is 1/297.

Earth's semi-major axis, as measured at the equator, equals 6378.4 km.
r
ve
What is the semi-minor axis (km) of the earth at the axis of the Poles?
6 356.9
al
6 378.4
tri
6 367.0
ne
6 399.9
14. 1,060 061 01 02 00 The earth
hi
Position A is located on the equator at longitude 130°00E.

Position B is located 100 NM from A on a bearing of 225°(T).
ac
The coordinates of position B are:

01°11'S 128°49'E
fM
01°11'N 131°11'E
pd
01°11'S 131°11'E
01°11'N 128°49'E
4. oldal
15. 1,061 061 01 02 00 The earth
In order to fly from position A (10°00'N, 030°00'W) to position B (30°00'N, 050°00'W),

maintaining a constant true course, it is necessary to fly:
a rhumb line track
the constant average drift route

the great-circle route
a straight line plotted on a Lambert chart

16. 1,062 061 01 02 00 The earth
The rhumb line track between position A (45°00'N, 010°00'W) and position B (48°30'N,
015°00'W) is approximately:
315
330
300
345
17. 1,063 061 01 02 00 The earth
The diameter of the Earth is approximately:

on
12 700 km
si
6 350 km
r
ve
18 500 km
40 000 km
al
18. 1,066 061 01 02 00 The earth

tri
The maximum difference between geocentric and geodetic latitude occurs at about:
45° North and South
ne

hi

ac
0° North and South (equator)

fM
19. 1,101 061 01 02 00 The earth
The great circle distance between position A (59°34.1'N 008°08.4'E) and B (30°25.9'N
pd
171°51.6'W) is:
5 400 NM
10 800 km
2 700 NM
10 800 NM
5. oldal
20. 1,106 061 01 02 00 The earth
Given:
Position A 45°N, ?°E
Position B 45°N, 45°15'E
Distance A-B = 280 NM
B is to the East of A
Required: longitude of position A?
38°39'E
49°57'E
51°51'E
40°33'E
21. 1,144 061 01 02 00 The earth
If an aeroplane was to circle around the Earth following parallel 60°N at a ground speed
of 480 kt. In order to circle around the Earth along the equator in the same amount of
time, it should fly at a ground speed of:
960 kt
240 kt
on
550 kt
480 kt
si
r
22. 1,158 061 01 02 00 The earth

ve
An aircraft passes position A (60°00'N 120°00'W) on route to position B (60°00'N

140°30'W).
What is the great circle track on departure from A?
al
279°
tri
288°
261°
ne
270°
hi
ac
23. 1,159 061 01 02 00 The earth
A great circle track joins position A (59°S 141°W) and B (61°S 148°W).
What is the difference between the great circle track at A and B?
fM
It increases by 6°
pd
It decreases by 6°
It increases by 3°
It decreases by 3°
6. oldal
24. 1,161 061 01 02 00 The earth
What is the longitude of a position 6 NM to the east of 58°42'N 094°00'W?

093°48.5'W
093°54.0'W
093°53.1'W
094°12.0'W
25. 1,795 061 01 02 00 The earth
An aeroplane flies from A (59°S 142°W) to B (61°S 148°W) with a TAS of 480 kt.
The autopilot is engaged and coupled with an Inertial Navigation System in which AB
track is active.
On route AB, the true track:
increases by 5°
varies by 10°
decreases by 6°
varies by 4°
on
26. 2,311 061 01 02 00 The earth
The Great Circle bearing of 'B' (70°S 060°E), from 'A' (70° S 030° W), is approximately:
si
135°(T)
r
150°(T)
ve
090°(T)
al
315°(T)
tri
27. 3,562 061 01 02 00 The earth
An aircraft flies a great circle track from 56° N 070° W to 62° N 110° E.
ne
The total distance travelled is?

3720 NM
hi
5420 NM
ac
1788 NM
fM
2040 NM
pd
28. 3,613 061 01 02 00 The earth
A Rhumb line is :
a line on the surface of the earth cutting all meridians at the same angle
the shortest distance between two points on a Polyconic projection

any straight line on a Lambert projection
a line convex to the nearest pole on a Mercator projection

7. oldal
29. 3,621 061 01 02 00 The earth
The circumference of the earth is approximately:

21600 NM
43200 NM
5400 NM
10800 NM
30. 5,826 061 01 02 00 The earth
At what approximate latitude is the length of one minute of arc along a meridian equal to
one NM (1852 m) correct?
45°
0°
90°
30°
31. 11,975 061 01 02 00 The earth
The circumference of the parallel of latitude at 60°N is approximately:

on
10 800 NM
si
18 706 NM
r
20 000 NM
ve
34 641 NM
al
32. 11,998 061 01 02 00 The earth
Given:
tri
The coordinates of the heliport at Issy les Moulineaux are:

N48°50' E002°16.5'
ne
The coordinates of the antipodes are :

S48°50' W177°43.5'
hi
S48°50' E177°43.5'
ac
S41°10' W177°43.5'
fM
S41°10' E177°43.5'
pd
33. 12,009 061 01 02 00 The earth
Given :
A is N55° 000°
B is N54° E010°
The average true course of the great circle is 100°.
The true course of the rhumbline at point A is:
100°
096°
104°
107°
8. oldal
34. 12,011 061 01 02 00 The earth
Given:
Position 'A' is N00° E100°,
Position 'B' is 240°(T), 200 NM from 'A'.
What is the position of 'B'?
S01°40' E097°07'
N01°40' E097°07'
S01°40' E101°40'
N01°40' E101°40'
35. 1,787 061 01 03 00 Time and time conversions
The duration of civil twilight is the time:

between sunset and when the centre of the sun is 6° below the true horizon
agreed by the international aeronautical authorities which is 12 minutes

needed by the sun to move from the apparent height of 0° to the apparent height of 6°
between sunset and when the centre of the sun is 12° below the true horizon
on
On the 27th of February, at 52°S and 040°E, the sunrise is at 0243 UTC.
On the same day, at 52°S and 035°W, the sunrise is at:
r si
0743 UTC
ve
0243 UTC
2143 UTC
al
0523 UTC
tri
(For this question use annex 061-2304A)

ne
The UTC of sunrise on 6 December at WINNIPEG (Canada) (49°50'N 097°30'W) is:

hi
1413
ac
0930
fM
0113
2230
pd
(For this question use annexes 061-2305A and 061-2305B)

When it is 1000 Standard Time in Kuwait, the Standard Time in Algeria is:
0800
1200
1300
0700
9. oldal
(For this question use annex 061-2325A to 061-2325D)

An aircraft takes off from Guam at 2300 Standard Time on 30 April local date.
After a flight of 11 HR 15 MIN it lands at Los Angeles (California).
What is the Standard Time and local date of arrival (assume summer time rules apply)?
1715 on 30 April
1215 on 1 May
1315 on 1 May
1615 on 30 April
(For this question use annex 061-2326A to 061-2326D)

When it is 0600 Standard Time in Queensland (Australia) the Standard Time in Hawaii
(USA) is:
1000
1200
0200
on
0600
si
What is the meaning of the term " standard time" ?

r
ve
It is the time set by the legal authorities for a country or part of a country
It is the time zone system applicable only in the USA

al
It is an expression for local mean time

tri
It is another term for UTC

ne
What is the local mean time, position 65°25'N 123°45'W at 2200 UTC?
hi
1345
ac
2200
fM
0615
0815
pd
The Local Mean Time at longitude 095°20'W, at 0000 UTC, is :

1738:40 previous day
0621:20 previous day
1738:40 same day
0621:20 same day

10. oldal
5 HR 20 MIN 20 SEC corresponds to a longitude difference of:

80°05'
81°10'
75°00'
78°45'
The main reason that day and night, throughout the year, have different duration, is due
to the:
inclination of the ecliptic to the equator
earth's rotation
relative speed of the sun along the ecliptic
gravitational effect of the sun and moon on the speed of rotation of the earth
Civil twilight is defined by :

on
sun altitude is 6° below the celestial horizon

si

r
ve
sun upper edge tangential to horizon

al
47. 3,568 061 01 04 00 Directions

tri
Isogrives are lines that connect positions that have:

ne
the same grivation

the same horizontal magnetic field strength
hi
the same variation

ac
O° magnetic dip
fM
48. 3,573 061 01 04 00 Directions
An Agonic line is a line that connects:

pd
positions that have 0° variation
positions that have the same variation

points of equal magnetic dip
points of equal magnetic horizontal field strength

11. oldal
49. 3,619 061 01 04 00 Directions
Given:
true track is 348°,
drift 17° left,
variation 32° W,
deviation 4°E.
What is the compass heading?
033°
007°
359°
337°
50. 3,622 061 01 04 00 Directions
Isogonic lines connect positions that have:

the same variation
0° variation
the same elevation
on
the same angle of magnetic dip
51. 5,113 061 01 04 00 Directions
si
The lines on the earth's surface that join points of equal magnetic variation are called:
r
ve
isogonals
isotachs
al
isogrives
tri
isoclines
ne
52. 5,812 061 01 04 00 Directions
Compass deviation is defined as the angle between:

hi
Magnetic North and Compass North

ac
True North and Magnetic North

fM
True North and Compass North

pd
the horizontal and the total intensity of the earth's magnetic field
53. 5,823 061 01 04 00 Directions
The angle between True North and Magnetic North is called :

variation
deviation
compass error
drift
12. oldal
54. 5,824 061 01 04 00 Directions
Deviation applied to magnetic heading gives:

compass heading
true heading
magnetic course
magnetic track
55. 11,994 061 01 04 00 Directions
A negative (westerly) magnetic variation signifies that :

True North is East of Magnetic North
True North is West of Magnetic North

Compass North is East of Magnetic North
Compass North is West of Magnetic North

56. 12,390 061 01 04 00 Directions
The angle between Magnetic North and Compass North is called:

on
compass deviation
compass error
si
magnetic variation
r
ve
alignment error
57. 12,391 061 01 04 00 Directions
al
The north and south magnetic poles are the only positions on the earth's surface where:
tri
a freely suspended compass needle will stand vertical

ne
isogonals converge
a freely suspended compass needle will stand horizontal
hi
the value of magnetic variation equals 90°

ac
58. 1,797 061 01 05 00 Distance

fM
The rhumb-line distance between points A (60°00'N 002°30'E) and B (60°00'N 007°30'W) is:
300 NM
pd
450 NM
600 NM
150 NM
13. oldal
59. 5,114 061 01 05 00 Distance
An aircraft departing A(N40º 00´ E080º 00´) flies a constant true track of 270º at a ground
speed of 120 kt.
What are the coordinates of the position reached in 6 HR?
N40º 00´ E064º 20´
N40º 00´ E070º 30´

N40º 00´ E060º 00´
N40º 00´ E068º 10´

60. 5,828 061 01 05 00 Distance
An aircraft flies the following rhumb line tracks and distances

from position 04°00'N 030°00'W :
600 NM South,
then 600 NM East,
then 600 NM North,
then 600 NM West.
The final position of the aircraft is:
04°00'N 029°58'W
04°00'N 030°02'W
on
04°00'N 030°00'W
si
03°58'N 030°02'W
r
ve
61. 5,829 061 01 05 00 Distance
What is the final position after the following rhumb line tracks and distances have been
followed from position 60°00'N 030°00'W?
al
South for 3600 NM,

East for 3600 NM,
tri
North for 3600 NM,

West for 3600 NM.
ne
The final position of the aircraft is:

60°00'N 090°00'W
hi
60°00'N 030°00'E
ac
59°00'N 060°00'W
fM
59°00'N 090°00'W
pd
62. 9,396 061 01 05 00 Distance
A flight is to be made from 'A' 49°S 180°E/W to 'B' 58°S, 180°E/W.

The distance in kilometres from 'A' to 'B' is approximately:
1000
1222
540
804
14. oldal
63. 9,397 061 01 05 00 Distance
An aircraft at position 60°N 005°W tracks 090°(T) for 315 km.

On completion of the flight the longitude will be:
000°40'E
005°15'E
002°10'W
000°15'E
64. 9,398 061 01 05 00 Distance
The 'departure' between positions 60°N 160°E and 60°N 'x' is 900 NM.
What is the longitude of 'x'?
170°W
140°W
145°E
175°E
65. 9,399 061 01 05 00 Distance
An aircraft at latitude 02°20'N tracks 180°(T) for 685 km.

on
On completion of the flight the latitude will be:
03°50'S
si
04°10'S
r
ve
04°30'S
09°05'S
al
tri
66. 9,400 061 01 05 00 Distance
An aircraft at latitude 10° South flies north at a GS of 890 km/HR.

What will its latitude be after 1.5 HR?
ne
02°00'N
hi
12°15'N
ac
22°00'N
03°50'N
fM
67. 9,401 061 01 05 00 Distance

pd
An aircraft at latitude 10°North flies south at a groundspeed of 445 km/HR.

What will be its latitude after 3 HR?
02°00'S
12°15'S
22°00'S
03°50'S
15. oldal
68. 11,979 061 01 05 00 Distance
Given :
Position 'A' N60 W020,
Position 'B' N60 W021,
Position 'C' N59 W020.
What are, respectively, the distances from A to B and from A to C?
30 NM and 60 NM
52 NM and 60 NM
60 NM and 30 NM
60 NM and 52 NM
69. 1,807 061 02 01 00 General principles
An aircraft is over position HO (55°30'N 060°15'W), where YYR VOR (53°30'N 060°15'W)
can be received. The magnetic variation is 31°W at HO and 28°W at YYR.
What is the radial from YYR?
028°
208°
031°
on
332°
si
The value of magnetic variation:

r
ve
has a maximum of 180°
must be 0° at the magnetic equator

al
varies between a maximum of 45° East and 45° West

tri
cannot exceed 90°

ne
Isogonals converge at the:

hi
ac
North and South geographic and magnetic poles

Magnetic equator
fM
North magnetic pole only

pd
North and South magnetic poles only

A line drawn on a chart which joins all points where the value of magnetic variation is
zero is called an:
agonic line
aclinic line
isogonal
isotach
16. oldal
The horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field:

is approximately the same at magnetic latitudes 50°N and 50°S
weakens with increasing distance from the magnetic poles

weakens with increasing distance from the nearer magnetic pole
is approximately the same at all magnetic latitudes less than 60°

When is the magnetic compass most effective?

About midway between the magnetic poles
In the region of the magnetic South Pole.

In the region of the magnetic North Pole.
On the geographic equator

What is the value of the magnetic dip at the magnetic south pole ?
90°
on
45°
si
60°
r
ve
0°
al
Complete the following statement regarding magnetic variation.

The charted values of magnetic variation on earth normally change annually due to:
tri
magnetic pole movement causing numerical values at all locations to increase or decrease
ne
magnetic pole movement causing numerical values at all locations to increase.

hi
a reducing field strength causing numerical values at all locations to decrease.

ac
an increasing field strength causing numerical values at all locations to increase.

fM
The Earth can be considered as being a magnet with the:

pd
blue pole near the north pole of the earth and the direction of the magnetic force pointing straight
down to the earth's surface
red pole near the north pole of the earth and the direction of the magnetic force pointing straight
down to the earth's surface
blue pole near the north pole of the earth and the direction of the magnetic force pointing straight
up from the earth's surface
red pole near the north pole of the earth and the direction of the magnetic force pointing straight
up from the earth's surface
17. oldal
Which of the following statements concerning earth magnetism is completely correct?

An isogonal is a line which connects places with the same magnetic variation; the aclinic is the
line of zero magnetic dip
An isogonal is a line which connects places with the same magnetic variation; the agonic line is
the line of zero magnetic dip
An isogonal is a line which connects places of equal dip; the aclinic is the line of zero magnetic
dip
An isogonal is a line which connects places with the same magnetic variation; the aclinic
connects places with the same magnetic field strength
Which of the following statements concerning the earth's magnetic field is completely
correct?
The blue pole of the earth's magnetic field is situated in North Canada
At the earth's magnetic equator, the inclination varies depending on whether the geograhic
equator is north or south of the magnetic equator
The earth's magnetic field can be classified as transient, semi-permanent or permanent
Dip is the angle between total magnetic field and vertical field component
on
The sensitivity of a direct reading compass varies:

r si
directly with the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field

ve
directly with the vertical component of the earth's magnetic field

al
inversely with both vertical and horizontal components of the earth's magnetic field
tri
inversely with the vertical component of the earth's magnetic field

ne
Isogonals are lines of equal :

hi
magnetic variation.
ac
compass deviation.
pressure.
fM
wind velocity.
pd
At a specific location, the value of magnetic variation:

varies slowly over time
depends on the type of compass installed
depends on the magnetic heading
depends on the true heading

18. oldal
83. 2,307 061 02 02 00 Aircraft magnetism
When decelerating on a westerly heading in the Northern hemisphere, the compass card
of a direct reading magnetic compass will turn :
clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the south
anti-clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the south

clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the north
anti-clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the north

An aircraft in the northern hemisphere makes an accurate rate one turn to the
right/starboard. If the initial heading was 330°, after 30 seconds of the turn the direct
reading magnetic compass should read:
less than 060°
060°
more than 060°
more or less than 060° depending on the pendulous suspension used

on
When turning right from 330°(C) to 040°(C) in the northern hemisphere, the reading of a
direct reading magnetic compass will:
si
under-indicate the turn and liquid swirl will increase the effect
r
ve
over-indicate the turn and liquid swirl will decrease the effect
under-indicate the turn and liquid swirl will decrease the effect
al
over-indicate the turn and liquid swirl will increase the effect
tri
When accelerating on an easterly heading in the Northern hemisphere, the compass card
ne
of a direct reading magnetic compass will turn :

hi
clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the north

ac
clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the south

anti-clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the north
fM
anti-clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the south

pd
An aircraft in the northern hemisphere is making an accurate rate one turn to the right.
If the initial heading was 135°, after 30 seconds the direct reading magnetic compass
should read:
more than 225°
225°
less than 225°
more or less than 225° depending on the pendulous suspension used

19. oldal
When accelerating on a westerly heading in the northern hemisphere, the compass card
of a direct reading magnetic compass will turn:
anti-clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the north
anti-clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the south

clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the north
clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the south

When an aircraft on a westerly heading on the northern hemisphere accelerates, the

effect of the acceleration error causes the magnetic compass to:
indicate a turn towards the north
lag behind the turning rate of the aircraft
indicate a turn towards the south
to turn faster than the actual turning rate of the aircraft

Which of the following statements is correct concerning the effect of turning errors on a
on
direct reading compass?
si
Turning errors are greatest on north/south headings, and are greatest at high latitudes
r
Turning errors are greatest on east/west headings, and are least at high latitudes
ve
Turning errors are greatest on north/south headings, and are least at high latitudes
al
Turning errors are greatest on east/west headings, and are greatest at high latitudes
tri
Permanent magnetism in aircraft arises chiefly from:

ne
hammering, and the effect of the earth's magnetic field, whilst under construction
hi
exposure to the earth's magnetic field during normal operation

ac
the combined effect of aircraft electrical equipment and the earth's magnetic field
the effect of internal wiring and exposure to electrical storms

fM
At the magnetic equator, when accelerating after take off on heading West, a direct
pd
reading compass :
indicates the correct heading
overreads the heading
underreads the heading
indicates a turn to the south

20. oldal
Concerning direct reading magnetic compasses, in the northern hemisphere, it can be

said that :
on an Easterly heading, a longitudinal acceleration causes an apparent turn to the North
on an Easterly heading, a longitudinal acceleration causes an apparent turn to the South

on a Westerly heading, a longitudinal acceleration causes an apparent turn to the South
on a Westerly heading, a longitudinal deceleration causes an apparent turn to the North

In northern hemisphere, during an acceleration in an easterly direction, the magnetic

compass will indicate:
a decrease in heading
an increase in heading
an apparent turn to the South
a heading of East
The purpose of compass check swing is to:

on
si
measure the angle between Magnetic North and Compass North

r
cancel out the vertical component of the earth's magnetic field

ve
cancel out the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field

al
cancel out the effects of the magnetic fields found on board the aeroplane
tri
96. 2,308 061 02 03 00 Knowledge of the principles, standby and landing or main
In a remote indicating compass system the amount of deviation caused by aircraft

magnetism and electrical circuits may be minimised by:
ne
mounting the detector unit in the wingtip

hi
the use of repeater cards

ac
positioning the master unit in the centre of the aircraft

fM
using a vertically mounted gyroscope

pd
A direct reading compass should be swung when:

there is a large, and permanent, change in magnetic latitude
there is a large change in magnetic longitude
the aircraft is stored for a long period and is frequently moved
the aircraft has made more than a stated number of landings

21. oldal
The direct reading magnetic compass is made aperiodic (dead beat) by:
keeping the magnetic assembly mass close to the compass point and by using damping wires
using the lowest acceptable viscosity compass liquid

using long magnets
pendulous suspension of the magnetic assembly

The annunciator of a remote indicating compass system is used when:

synchronising the magnetic and gyro compass elements
compensating for deviation

setting local magnetic variation
setting the 'heading' pointer

Which one of the following is an advantage of a remote reading compass as compared

with a standby compass?
on
It senses the magnetic meridian instead of seeking it, increasing compass sensitivity
si
It is lighter than a direct reading compass because it employs, apart from the detector unit,
existing aircraft equipment
r
ve
It eliminates the effect of turning and acceleration errors by pendulously suspending the detector
unit
al
It is more reliable because it is operated electrically and power is always available from sources
within the aircraft
tri
Which of the following is an occasion for carrying out a compass swing on a Direct
ne
Reading Compass?
After an aircraft has passed through a severe electrical storm, or has been struck by lightning
hi
Before an aircraft goes on any flight that involves a large change of magnetic latitude
ac
After any of the aircraft radio equipment has been changed due to unserviceability
fM
Whenever an aircraft carries a large freight load regardless of its content

pd
The main reason for mounting the detector unit of a remote reading compass in the
wingtip of an aeroplane is:
to minimise the amount of deviation caused by aircraft magnetism and electrical circuits
to maximise the units exposure to the earth's magnetic field
to ensure that the unit is in the most accessible position on the aircraft for ease of maintenance
by having detector units on both wingtips, to cancel out the deviation effects caused by the
aircraft strucure
22. oldal
The main reason for usually mounting the detector unit of a remote indicating compass
in the wingtip of an aeroplane is to:
reduce the amount of deviation caused by aircraft magnetism and electrical circuits
facilitate easy maintenance of the unit and increase its exposure to the Earth's magnetic field
place it in a position where there is no electrical wiring to cause deviation errors
place it where it will not be subjected to electrical or magnetic interference from the aircraft
The main advantage of a remote indicating compass over a direct reading compass is
that it:
senses, rather than seeks, the magnetic meridian
has less moving parts
requires less maintenance
is able to magnify the earth's magnetic field in order to attain greater accuracy
105. 1,074 061 03 01 00 General properties of miscellaneous types of projections
The nominal scale of a Lambert conformal conic chart is the:

on
scale at the standard parallels

si
mean scale between pole and equator

r
ve
mean scale between the parallels of the secant cone
scale at the equator

al

tri
The chart that is generally used for navigation in polar areas is based on a:
ne
Stereographical projection
Direct Mercator projection
hi
Gnomonic projection
ac
Lambert conformal projection

fM
A Mercator chart has a scale at the equator = 1 : 3 704 000.

pd
What is the scale at latitude 60° S?

1 : 1 852 000
1 : 7 408 000
1 : 3 208 000
1 : 185 200
23. oldal
The distance measured between two points on a navigation map is 42 mm (millimetres).

The scale of the chart is 1:1 600 000.
The actual distance between these two point is approximately:
36.30 NM
370.00 NM
67.20 NM
3.69 NM
The standard parallels of a Lambert's conical orthomorphic projection are 07°40'N and
38°20' N.
The constant of the cone for this chart is:
0.39
0.60
0.92
0.42
on
On a Lambert conformal conic chart the convergence of the meridians:

r si
is the same as earth convergency at the parallel of origin

ve
is zero throughout the chart

varies as the secant of the latitude
al
equals earth convergency at the standard parallels

tri
A straight line drawn on a chart measures 4.63 cm and represents 150 NM.
ne
The chart scale is:

hi
1 : 6 000 000
ac
1 : 3 000 000
fM
1 : 5 000 000
1 : 1 000 000
pd
On a direct Mercator projection, at latitude 45° North, a certain length represents 70 NM.
At latitude 30° North, the same length represents approximately:
86 NM
57 NM
70 NM
81 NM
24. oldal
On a direct Mercator projection, the distance measured between two meridians spaced 5°
apart at latitude 60°N is 8 cm.
The scale of this chart at latitude 60°N is approximately:
1 : 3 500 000
1 : 4 750 000
1 : 7 000 000
1 : 6 000 000
On a Mercator chart, the scale:

varies as 1/cosine of latitude (1/cosine= secant)
varies as the sine of the latitude
is constant throughout the chart
varies as 1/2 cosine of the co-latitude

The constant of cone of a Lambert conformal conic chart is quoted as 0.3955.

on
At what latitude on the chart is earth convergency correctly represented?

23°18'
r si
66°42'
ve
68°25'
21°35'
al
tri
On a Lambert Conformal chart the distance between meridians 5° apart along latitude 37°
North is 9 cm. The scale of the chart at that parallel approximates:
ne
1 : 5 000 000
hi
1 : 3 750 000
ac
1 : 2 000 000
fM
1 : 6 000 000
pd
In a navigation chart a distance of 49 NM is equal to 7 cm. The scale of the chart is

approximately:
1 : 1 300 000
1 : 700 000
1 : 130 000
1 : 7 000 000
25. oldal
At 60° N the scale of a direct Mercator chart is 1 : 3 000 000.

What is the scale at the equator?
1 : 6 000 000
1 : 3 000 000
1 : 3 500 000
1 : 1 500 000
What is the chart distance between longitudes 179°E and 175°W on a direct Mercator
chart with a scale of 1 : 5 000 000 at the equator?
133 mm
106 mm
167 mm
72 mm
The total length of the 53°N parallel of latitude on a direct Mercator chart is 133 cm. What
on
is the approximate scale of the chart at latitude 30°S?
si
1 : 25 000 000
r
1 : 30 000 000
ve
1 : 18 000 000
al
1 : 21 000 000
tri
A Lambert conformal conic projection, with two standard parallels:

ne
the scale is only correct along the standard parallels

hi
shows all great circles as straight lines

ac
the scale is only correct at parallel of origin
shows lines of longitude as parallel straight lines

fM
The constant of the cone, on a Lambert chart where the convergence angle between
pd
longitudes 010°E and 030°W is 30°, is:

0.75
0.40
0.50
0.64
26. oldal
The chart distance between meridians 10° apart at latitude 65° North is 3.75 inches. The
chart scale at this latitude approximates:
1 : 5 000 000
1 : 6 000 000
1 : 2 500 000
1 : 3 000 000
On a Lambert conformal conic chart, with two standard parallels, the quoted scale is
correct:
along the two standard parallels
in the area between the standard parallels
along the parallel of origin
along the prime meridian

The convergence factor of a Lambert conformal conic chart is quoted as 0.78535.

on
At what latitude on the chart is earth convergency correctly represented?
51°45'
si
52°05'
r
ve
80°39'
38°15'
al
tri
At 47° North the chart distance between meridians 10° apart is 5 inches.
The scale of the chart at 47° North approximates:
ne
1 : 6 000 000
hi
1 : 8 000 000
ac
1 : 3 000 000
fM
1 : 2 500 000
pd
On a Lambert Conformal Conic chart earth convergency is most accurately represented at

the:
parallel of origin
north and south limits of the chart
standard parallels
Equator
27. oldal
On a Transverse Mercator chart, scale is exactly correct along the:

meridian of tangency
Equator, parallel of origin and prime vertical

datum meridian and meridian perpendicular to it
prime meridian and the equator

A chart has the scale 1 : 1 000 000. From A to B on the chart measures 1.5 inches (one
inch equals 2.54 centimetres), the distance from A to B in NM is :
20.6
38.1
44.5
54.2
Approximately how many nautical miles correspond to 12 cm on a map with a scale of 1 :

2 000 000?
on
130
si
150
r
ve
329
43
al

tri
On a Direct Mercator chart at latitude 15°S, a certain length represents a distance of 120
NM on the earth.
The same length on the chart will represent on the earth, at latitude 10°N, a distance of :
ne
122.3 NM
hi
117.7 NM
ac
124.2 NM
fM
118.2 NM
pd
On a Direct Mercator chart at latitude of 45°N, a certain length represents a distance of 90

NM on the earth.
The same length on the chart will represent on the earth, at latitude 30°N, a distance of :
110 NM
73.5 NM
78 NM
45 NM
28. oldal
On a transverse Mercator chart, the scale is exactly correct along the:

meridians of tangency
equator and parallel of origin

meridian of tangency and the parallel of latitude perpendicular to it
prime meridian and the equator

On a transverse Mercator chart, with the exception of the Equator, parallels of latitude
appear as:
ellipses
straight lines
hyperbolic lines
parabolas
An Oblique Mercator projection is used specifically to produce:

on
charts of the great circle route between two points
si
radio navigational charts in equatorial regions

r
topographical maps of large east/ west extent

ve
plotting charts in equatorial regions

al
Transverse Mercator projections are used for:

tri
maps of large north/south extent

ne
maps of large east/west extent in equatorial areas

hi
radio navigation charts in equatorial areas

ac
plotting charts in equatorial areas

fM
On a chart, the distance along a meridian between latitudes 45°N and 46°N is 6 cm. The
scale of the chart is approximately:
pd
1 : 1 850 000
1 : 1 000 000
1 : 185 000
1 : 18 500 000
29. oldal
Given:
Chart scale is 1 : 1 850 000.
The chart distance between two points is 4 centimetres.
Earth distance is approximately :
40 NM
74 NM
100 NM
4 NM
On a Mercator chart, at latitude 60°N, the distance measured between W002° and E008° is
20 cm. The scale of this chart at latitude 60°N is approximately:
1 : 2 780 000
1 : 278 000
1 : 5 560 000
1 : 556 000
on
Assume a Mercator chart.

si
The distance between positions A and B, located on the same parallel and 10° longitude
apart, is 6 cm. The scale at the parallel is 1 : 9 260 000.
r
ve
What is the latitude of A and B?

60° N or S
al
30° N or S
tri
0°
45° N or S
ne

hi
A straight line on a chart 4.89 cm long represents 185 NM.

The scale of this chart is approximately :
ac
1 : 7 000 000
fM
1 : 3 500 000
pd
1 : 6 000 000
1 : 5 000 000
The scale on a Lambert conformal conic chart :

is constant along a parallel of latitude
is constant along a meridian of longitude
is constant across the whole map
varies slightly as a function of latitude and longitude

30. oldal
A direct Mercator graticule is based on a projection that is :

cylindrical
conical
spherical
concentric
At latitude 60°N the scale of a Mercator projection is 1 : 5 000 000. The length on the chart
between 'C' N60° E008° and 'D' N60° W008° is:
17.8 cm
16.2 cm
35.6 cm
19.2 cm
The two standard parallels of a conical Lambert projection are at N10°40'N and N41°20'.
The cone constant of this chart is approximatively :
on
0.44
si
0.90
r
ve
0.66
0.18
al
146. 1,095 061 03 02 00 The representation of meridians, parallels, great circles and rhumb lines
tri
On a Direct Mercator chart, a rhumb line appears as a:

ne
straight line
small circle concave to the nearer pole
hi
spiral curve
ac
curve convex to the nearer pole

fM
On a Lambert Conformal Conic chart great circles that are not meridians are:
pd
curves concave to the parallel of origin
straight lines regardless of distance

curves concave to the pole of projection
straight lines within the standard parallels

31. oldal
On a Direct Mercator chart a great circle will be represented by a:

curve concave to the equator
complex curve
curve convex to the equator
straight line
Parallels of latitude on a Direct Mercator chart are :

parallel straight lines unequally spaced
parallel straight lines equally spaced

arcs of concentric circles equally spaced
straight lines converging above the pole

A straight line on a Lambert Conformal Projection chart for normal flight planning
purposes:
on
is approximately a Great Circle
si
is a Loxodromic line
r
is a Rhumb line
ve
can only be a parallel of latitude

al
The parallels on a Lambert Conformal Conic chart are represented by:

tri
arcs of concentric circles

ne
straight lines
hi
parabolic lines
ac
hyperbolic lines
fM
The angular difference, on a Lambert conformal conic chart, between the arrival and
departure track is equal to:
pd
map convergence
earth convergence
conversion angle
difference in longitude
32. oldal
On a Lambert chart (standard parallels 37°N and 65°N), with respect to the straight line
drawn on the map between A ( N49° W030°) and B (N48° W040°), the:
great circle and rhumb line are to the south
great circle and rhumb line are to the north

great circle is to the north, the rhumb line is to the south
rhumb line is to the north, the great circle is to the south

Parallels of latitude, except the equator, are:

Rhumb lines
Great circles
both Rhumb lines and Great circles
are neither Rhumb lines nor Great circles

On a Direct Mercator chart, meridians are:

on
parallel, equally spaced, vertical straight lines
si
inclined, equally spaced, straight lines that meet at the nearer pole
r
parallel, unequally spaced, vertical straight lines

ve
inclined, unequally spaced, curved lines that meet at the nearer pole
al
On which of the following chart projections is it NOT

tri
possible to represent the north or south poles?

ne
Direct Mercator
Lambert's conformal
hi
Transverse Mercator
ac
Polar stereographic
fM
Which one of the following, concerning great circles on a Direct Mercator chart, is
pd
correct?
With the exception of meridians and the equator, they are curves concave to the equator
They are all curves concave to the equator
They approximate to straight lines between the standard parallels
They are all curves convex to the equator

33. oldal
On a Lambert conformal conic chart, the distance between parallels of latitude spaced
the same number of degrees apart :
reduces between, and expands outside, the standard parallels
is constant between, and expands outside, the standard parallels

expands between, and reduces outside, the standard parallels
is constant throughout the chart

Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the appearance of great
circles, with the exception of meridians, on a Polar Stereographic chart whose tangency
is at the pole ?
The higher the latitude the closer they approximate to a straight line
Any straight line is a great circle
They are complex curves that can be convex and/or concave to the Pole
They are curves convex to the Pole

on
Which one of the following describes the appearance of rhumb lines, except meridians,
on a Polar Stereographic chart?
si
Curves concave to the Pole

r
ve
Ellipses around the Pole

Curves convex to the Pole
al
Straight lines
tri
What is the value of the convergence factor on a Polar Stereographic chart?

ne
1.0
hi
0.866
ac
0.5
fM
0.0
pd
On a Direct Mercator, rhumb lines are:

straight lines
curves concave to the equator
ellipses
curves convex to the equator

34. oldal
163. 1,093 061 03 03 00 The use of current aeronautical charts
On a Polar Stereographic chart, the initial great circle course from A 70°N 060°W to B
70°N 060°E is approximately:
030° (T)
330° (T)
150° (T)
210° (T)
On a polar stereographic projection chart showing the South Pole, a straight line joins
position A (70°S 065°E) to position B (70°S 025°W).
The true course on departure from position A is approximately:
225°
250°
135°
315°
on
Two positions plotted on a polar stereographic chart, A (80°N 000°) and B (70°N 102°W)
are joined by a straight line whose highest latitude is reached at 035°W.
si
At point B, the true course is:

r
203°
ve
023°
247°
al
tri
305°
ne
Given:
Magnetic heading 311°
hi
Drift angle 10° left

Relative bearing of NDB 270°
ac
What is the magnetic bearing of the NDB measured from the aircraft?
221°
fM
208°
pd
211°
180°
Contour lines on aeronautical maps and charts connect points :

having the same elevation above sea level
with the same variation
having the same longitude
of equal latitude
35. oldal
A Lambert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0.75.

The initial course of a straight line track drawn on this chart from A (40°N 050°W) to B is
043°(T) at A; course at B is 055°(T).
What is the longitude of B?
34°W
36°W
38°W
41°W
A Lambert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0.80.

A straight line course drawn on this chart from A (53°N 004°W) to B is 080° at A; course at
B is 092°(T).
What is the longitude of B?
011°E
009°36'E
008°E
on
019°E
si
At 0020 UTC an aircraft is crossing the 310° radial at 40 NM of a VOR/DME station.

r
ve
At 0035 UTC the radial is 040° and DME distance is 40 NM.

Magnetic variation is zero.
The true track and ground speed are :
al
085° - 226 kt
tri
090° - 232 kt
080° - 226 kt
ne
088° - 232 kt
hi
ac
Given:
An aircraft is flying a track of 255°(M),
fM
2254 UTC, it crosses radial 360° from a VOR station,

2300 UTC, it crosses radial 330° from the same station.
pd
At 2300 UTC, the distance between the aircraft and the station is :
the same as it was at 2254 UTC
greater than it was at 2254 UTC
randomly different than it was at 2254 UTC
less than it was at 2254 UTC

36. oldal

What are the average magnetic course and distance between
INGO VOR (N6350 W01640) and Sumburg VOR (N5955 W 00115)?
131° - 494 NM
118° - 440 NM
117° - 494 NM
130° - 440 NM

What are the average magnetic course and distance between
position N6000 W02000 and Sumburg VOR (N5955 W 00115)?
105° - 562 NM
091° - 480 NM
091° - 562 NM
105° - 480 NM
on

si
What are the initial true course and distance between

positions N5800 W01300 and N6600 E00200?
r
ve
036° - 638 NM
029° - 570 NM
al
042° - 635 NM
tri
032° - 470 NM
ne

hi
An aircraft on radial 315° at a range of 150 NM from

MYGGENES NDB (N6206 W00732) is at position:
ac
N6320 W01205
fM
N6020 W00405
pd
N6345 W01125
N6040 W00320
37. oldal

An aircraft on radial 110° at a range of 120 NM from
SAXAVORD VOR (N6050 W00050) is at position:
N6027 E00307
N6127 W00443
N6010 E00255
N6109 E00255

Which of the following beacons is 185 NM from AKRABERG (N6124 W00640)?
SUMBURGH (N5955 W00115)
SAXAVORD (N6050 W00050)
KIRKWALL (N5858 W 00254)
STORNOWAY (N5815 W00617)

on
A course of 120°(T) is drawn between 'X' (61°30'N) and 'Y' (58°30'N) on a Lambert
Conformal conic chart with a scale of 1 : 1 000 000 at 60°N.
si
The chart distance between 'X' and 'Y' is:

r
ve
66.7 cm
33.4 cm
al
38.5 cm
tri
36.0 cm
ne
Route 'A' (44°N 026°E) to 'B' (46°N 024°E) forms an angle of 35° with longitude 026°E.
Average magnetic variation between 'A' and 'B' is 3°E.
hi
What is the average magnetic course from 'A' to 'B'?

ac
322°
328°
fM
032°
pd
038°
38. oldal
Given:
Direct Mercator chart with a scale of 1 : 200 000 at equator;
Chart length from 'A' to 'B', in the vicinity of the equator, 11 cm.
What is the approximate distance from 'A' to 'B'?
12 NM
21 NM
22 NM
14 NM

What is the radial and DME distance from CRK VOR/DME (N5150.4 W00829.7) to position
N5220 W00810?
030° - 33 NM
048° - 40 NM
014° - 33 NM
220° - 40 NM
on

si

r
ve
N5210 W00920?
311° - 38 NM
al
350° - 22 NM
tri
295° - 38 NM
170° - 22 NM
ne

hi

ac
N5230 W00750?
039° - 48 NM
fM
024° - 43 NM
pd
023° - 48 NM
017° - 43 NM
39. oldal

N5140 W00730?
113° - 38 NM
104° - 76 NM
293° - 39 NM
106° - 38 NM

What is the radial and DME distance from SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1) to position
N5300 W00940?
309° - 33 NM
057° - 27 NM
293° - 33 NM
324° - 17 NM
on

si
N5310 W00830?
r
ve
035° - 30 NM
070° - 58 NM
al
207° - 31 NM
tri
019° - 31 NM
ne

hi
N5220 W00810?
ac
139° - 35 NM
fM
129° - 46 NM
132° - 36 NM
pd
212° - 26 NM
40. oldal

What is the radial and DME distance from SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1)
to position N5210 W00920?
214° - 37 NM
354° - 34 NM
198° - 37 NM
346° - 34 NM

What is the radial and DME distance from CON VOR/DME (N5354.8 W00849.1) to position
N5430 W00900?
358° - 36 NM
214° - 26 NM
049° - 45 NM
169° - 35 NM
on

si
N5400 W00800?
r
ve
088° - 29 NM
320° - 8 NM
al
094° - 64 NM
tri
260° - 30 NM
ne

hi
N5340 W00820?
ac
140° - 23 NM
fM
119° - 42 NM
311° - 22 NM
pd
240° - 24 NM
41. oldal

N5330 W00930?
233° - 35 NM
165° - 27 NM
335° - 43 NM
025° - 38 NM

What is the radial and DME distance from BEL VOR/DME (N5439.7 W00613.8) to position
N5410 W00710?
236° - 44 NM
223° - 36 NM
320° - 44 NM
333° - 36 NM
on

si
N5440 W00730?
r
ve
278° - 44 NM
090° - 46 NM
al
278° - 10 NM
tri
098° - 45 NM
ne

hi
N5500 W00700?
ac
315° - 34 NM
fM
296° - 65 NM
126° - 33 NM
pd
222° - 48 NM
42. oldal

What is the average track (°M) and distance between WTD NDB (N5211.3 W00705.0) and
KER NDB (N5210.9 W00931.5)?
278° - 90 NM
090° - 91 NM
270° - 89 NM
098° - 90 NM

What is the average track (°M) and distance between CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) and
CRN NDB (N5318.1 W00856.5)?
357° - 89 NM
169° - 91 NM
349° - 90 NM
177° - 92 NM
on

si
What is the average track (°M) and distance between CRN NDB (N5318.1 W00856.5) and
WTD NDB (N5211.3 W00705.0)?
r
ve
142° - 95 NM
315° - 94 NM
al
135° - 96 NM
tri
322° - 95 NM
ne

hi
What is the average track (°M) and distance between WTD NDB (N5211.3 W00705.0) and
BAL VOR (N5318.0 W00626.9)?
ac
026° - 71 NM
fM
018° - 153 NM
206° - 71 NM
pd
198° - 72 NM
43. oldal

What is the average track (°M) and distance between KER NDB (N5210.9 W00931.5) and
CRN NDB (N5318.1 W00856.5)?
025° - 70 NM
197° - 71 NM
205° - 71 NM
017° - 70 NM

What is the average track (°M) and distance between BAL VOR (N5318.0 W00626.9) and
SLG NDB (N5416.7 W00836.0)?
316° - 96 NM
262° - 86 NM
128° - 99 NM
308° - 98 NM
on

si
What is the average track (°M) and distance between CRN NDB (N5318.1 W00856.5) and
BEL VOR (N5439.7 W00613.8)?
r
ve
057° - 126 NM
089° - 95 NM
al
229° - 125 NM
tri
237° - 130 NM
ne

hi
What is the average track (°T) and distance between CON VOR (N5354.8 W00849.1) and
BEL VOR (N5439.7 W00613.8)?
ac
063° - 101 NM
fM
071° - 100 NM
113° - 97 NM
pd
293° - 98 NM
44. oldal

What is the average track (°T) and distance between SLG NDB (N5416.7 W00836.0) and
CFN NDB (N5502.6 W00820.4)?
011° - 47 NM
020° - 46 NM
348° - 46 NM
191° - 45 NM

What is the average track (°T) and distance between WTD NDB (N5211.3 W00705.0) and
FOY NDB (N5234.0 W00911.7)?
286° - 81 NM
294° - 80 NM
075° - 81 NM
277° - 83 NM
on

si
What is the average track (°T) and distance between WTD NDB (N5211.3 W00705.0) and
SLG NDB (N5416.7 W00836.0)?
r
ve
336° - 137 NM
344° - 139 NM
al
156° - 136 NM
tri
164° - 138 NM
ne

hi
What is the average track (°T) and distance between SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) and
CON VOR (N5354.8 W00849.1)?
ac
002° - 72 NM
fM
010° - 71 NM
358° - 72 NM
pd
006° - 71 NM
45. oldal

What is the average track (°T) and distance between BAL VOR (N5318.0 W00626.9) and
CRN NDB (N5318.1 W00856.5)?
270° - 90 NM
278° - 89 NM
268° - 91 NM
272° - 89 NM

What is the average track (°T) and distance between BAL VOR (N5318.0 W00626.9) and
CFN NDB (N5502.6 W00820.4)?
327° - 124 NM
335° - 128 NM
325° - 126 NM
320° - 127 NM
on

si
What is the average track (°T) and distance between CRN NDB (N5318.1 W00856.5) and
EKN NDB (N5423.6 W00738.7)?
r
ve
035° - 80 NM
042° - 83 NM
al
036° - 81 NM
tri
044° - 82 NM
ne

hi
Given:
SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 223°,
ac
CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) radial 322°.

What is the aircraft position?
fM
N5220 W00920
pd
N5230 W00910
N5210 W00910
N5210 W00930
46. oldal

Given:
SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 205°,
CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) radial 317°.
N5210 W00910
N5118 W00913
N5205 W00915
N5215 W00917

Given:
SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 120°,
CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) radial 033°.
N5230 W00800
N5225 W00805
on
N5220 W00750
si
N5240 W00750
r
ve

Given:
al
SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 129°,

CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) radial 047°.
tri

ne
N5220 W00750
N5215 W00755
hi
N5210 W00750
ac
N5205 W00755
fM

pd
Given:
SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 143°,
CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) radial 050°.
N5210 W00800
N5155 W00810
N5205 W00805
N5200 W00800
47. oldal

Given:
SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1) radial 120°/35 NM.
N5230 W00800
N5300 W00945
N5225 W00805
N5250 W00950

Given:
N5210 W00830
N5208 W00840
N5315 W00915
on
N5317 W00908
si

r
ve
Given:
al
N5220 W00930
tri
N5305 W00815
ne
N5228 W00935
hi
N5303 W00810
ac

Given:
fM

pd
N5330 W00830
N5328 W00820
N5155 W00915
N5200 W0925
48. oldal

Given:
N5300 W0830
N5258 W00825
N5225 W00917
N5228 W00920

Given:
SHA VOR N5243.3 W00853.1
CRK VOR N5150.4 W00829.7
Aircraft position N5220 W00910
Which of the following lists two radials that are applicable to the aircraft position?
"SHA 212°
CRK 328°"
"SHA 025°
on
CRK 141°"
"SHA 205°
si
CRK 321°"
r
ve
"SHA 033°
CRK 149°"
al

tri
Given:
SHA VOR N5243.3 W00853.1
CRK VOR N5150.4 W00829.7
ne

hi
"SHA 131°
ac
CRK 017°"
"SHA 304°
fM
CRK 189°"
"SHA 312°
pd
CRK 197°"
"SHA 124°
CRK 009°"
49. oldal

Given:
SHA VOR N5243.3 W00853.1
CRK VOR N5150.4 W00829.7
"SHA 248°
CRK 325°"
"SHA 068°
CRK 145°"
"SHA 060°
CRK 138°"
"SHA 240°
CRK 137°"

Given:
SHA VOR N5243.3 W00853.1
CON VOR N5354.8 W00849.1
on
"SHA 042°
si
CON 138°"
r
"SHA 213°
ve
CON 310°"
"SHA 033°
al
CON 130°"
tri
"SHA 221°
CON 318°"
ne

hi
Given:
SHA VOR N5243.3 W00853.1
ac
CON VOR N5354.8 W00849.1

fM
"SHA 325°
pd
CON 235°"
"SHA 137°
CON 046°"
"SHA 317°
CON 226°"
"SHA 145°
CON 055°"
50. oldal

Given:
SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) DME 50 NM,
CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) DME 41 NM,
Aircraft heading 270°(M),
Both DME distances increasing.
N5200 W00935
N5215 W00940
N5215 W00745
N5235 W00750

Given:
SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) DME 41 NM,
CRK VOR (N5150.4 W00829.7) DME 30 NM,
Both DME distances decreasing.
on
N5215 W00805
r si
N5205 W00915
ve
N5215 W00915
N5225 W00810
al
tri

Given:
ne
CRN VOR (N5318.1 W00856.5) DME 18 NM,

SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) DME 30 NM,
hi

ac

fM
N5310 W00830
N5252 W00923
pd
N5307 W00923
N5355 W00825
51. oldal

Given:
CRN VOR (N5318.1 W00856.5) DME 34 NM,
SHA VOR (N5243.3 W00853.1) DME 26 NM,
Both DME distances increasing.
N5255 W00815
N5250 W0030
N5305 W00930
N5310 W00820

Given:
CON VOR (N5354.8 W00849.1) DME 30 NM,
CRN VOR (N5318.1 W00856.5) DME 25 NM,
on
N5330 W00820
r si
N5343 W00925
ve
N5335 W00925
N5337 W00820
al
tri
(For this question refer to annex 061-12599A)

Given:
ne
CRK VOR/DME (N5150.4 W00829.7)

Kerry aerodrome (N5210.9 W00931.4)
What is the CRK radial and DME distance when overhead Kerry aerodrome?
hi
307° - 43 NM
ac
119° - 44 NM
fM
127° - 45 NM
pd
299° - 42 NM
52. oldal

Given:
SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1)
Birr aerodrome (N5304 W00754)
What is the SHA radial and DME distance when overhead Birr aerodrome?
068° - 41 NM
248° - 42 NM
060° - 42 Nm
240° - 41 NM

Given:
SHA VOR/DME (N5243.3 W00853.1)
Connemara aerodrome (N5314 W00928)
What is the SHA radial and DME distance when overhead Connemara aerodrome?
333° - 37 NM
154° - 38 NM
on
326° - 37 NM
si
146° - 38 NM
r
ve

Given:
al
CON VOR/DME (N5354.8 W00849.1)

Castlebar aerodrome (N5351 W00917)
tri
What is the CON radial and DME distance when overhead Castlebar aerodrome?
265° - 17 NM
ne
077° - 18 NM
hi
257° - 17 NM
ac
086° - 18 NM
fM

pd
Given:
CON VOR/DME (N5354.8 W00849.1)
Abbey Shrule aerodrome (N5335 W00739)
What is the CON radial and DME distance when overhead Abbey Shrule aerodrome?
124° - 46 NM
116° - 47 NM
296° - 46 NM
304° - 47 NM
53. oldal

What feature is shown on the chart at position N5211 W00931?
KERRY/Farranfore aerodrome
Waterford NDB
Connemara aerodrome
Punchestown aerodrome

TUSKAR ROCK LT.H. NDB
WTD NDB
Clonbullogue aerodrome

on
si
Punchestown aerodrome
r
Connemara aerodrome
ve
al
tri

ne
Castlebar aerodrome
hi
Connaught aerodrome
ac
Connemara aerodrome
fM
Brittas Bay aerodrome

pd

EAGLE ISLAND LT.H. NDB
Belmullet aerodrome
Carnmore aerodrome
54. oldal

Which of the following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at position N5150.4
W00829.7?
civil airport: VOR: DME: compulsory reporting point
civil airport: VOR: non-compulsory reporting point

VOR: DME: NDB:compulsory reporting point
VOR: DME: NDB: ILS


W00626.9?
military airport: VOR: DME
civil airport: VOR: DME
military airport: VOR: NDB
VOR: DME: danger area

on

si
W00836.0?
r
ve
civil airport: NDB: DME: compulsory reporting point

VOR: DME: NDB: compulsory reporting point
al
civil airport: VOR: DME: non-compulsory reporting point

tri
VOR: DME: NDB: non-compulsory reporting point

ne

hi
W00856.5?
ac
civil airport: NDB: DME: non-compulsory reporting point

fM

pd
civil airport: VOR: DME: non-compulsory reporting point

55. oldal

Which of the following lists all the aeronautical chart symbols shown at position N5211
W00705?
civil airport: NDB
VOR: NDB
civil airport: ILS
NDB: ILS

Which of the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a VOR/DME?
1
2
6
7
on

Which of the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a DME?
si
2
r
ve
3
5
al
6
tri

ne
Which of the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a VOR?

hi
3
ac
5
6
fM
2
pd

Which of the aeronautical chart symbols indicates an NDB?
4
6
2
3
56. oldal

Which of the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a basic, non-specified, navigation aid?
5
6
2
3

Which of the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a TACAN?
6
7
1
2

on
Which of the aeronautical chart symbols indicates a VORTAC?
si
7
r
1
ve
3
al
6
tri

Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a Flight Information Region (FIR) boundary?
ne
1
hi
3
ac
4
fM
5
pd

Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a Control Zone boundary?
3
4
5
2
57. oldal

Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates an uncontrolled route?
4
5
2
3

Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates the boundary of advisory airspace?
5
2
3
4

on
Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a non-compulsory reporting point?
si
6
r
7
ve
8
al
15
tri

Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a compulsory reporting point?
ne
7
hi
8
ac
15
fM
6
pd

Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a Way-point?
8
15
6
7
58. oldal

Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates an unlighted obstacle?
9
10
11
12

Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a lighted obstacle?
10
11
12
9

on
Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a group of unlighted obstacles?
si
11
r
12
ve
13
al
9
tri

Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a group of lighted obstacles?
ne
12
hi
9
ac
10
fM
11
pd

Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates an exceptionally high unlighted obstacle?
13
14
9
11
59. oldal

Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates an exceptionally high lighted obstacle?
14
10
12
13

What is the meaning of aeronautical chart symbol No. 15?
Aeronautical ground light
Visual reference point
Hazard to aerial navigation
Lighthouse

on
What is the meaning of aeronautical chart symbol No. 16?
si
Lightship
r
Off-shore helicopter landing platform

ve
Shipwreck showing above the surface at low tide

al
Off-shore lighthouse
tri

Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates an aeronautical ground light?
ne
15
hi
16
ac
10
fM
14
pd

Which aeronautical chart symbol indicates a lightship?
16
10
12
14
60. oldal
270. 1,124 061 04 01 00 Basics of dead reckoning
Given the following:

True track: 192°
Magnetic variation: 7°E
Drift angle: 5° left
What is the magnetic heading required to maintain the given track?
190°
194°
204°
180°
Given the following:

Magnetic heading: 060°
Magnetic variation: 8°W
Drift angle: 4° right
What is the true track?
056°
064°
on
048°
si
072°
r
ve
The ICAO definition of ETA is the:

al
estimated time of arrival at destination

tri
actual time of arrival at a point or fix

estimated time of arrival at an en-route point or fix
ne
estimated time en route

hi

ac
Given:
True track 180°
Drift 8°R
fM
Compass heading 195°

Deviation -2°
pd
Calculate the variation?

21°W
25°W
5°W
9°W
61. oldal
Given:
True course 300°
drift 8°R
variation 10°W
deviation -4°
Calculate the compass heading?
306°
322°
294°
278°
Given:
true track 352°
variation 11° W
deviation is -5°
drift 10°R.
358°
on
346°
si
018°
r
ve
025°
al
Given:
true track 070°
tri
variation 30°W
deviation +1°
ne
drift 10°R
hi
089°
ac
091°
100°
fM
101°
pd
62. oldal
Given:
True course from A to B = 090°,
TAS = 460 kt,
W/V = 360/100kt,
Average variation = 10°E,
Deviation = -2°.
Calculate the compass heading and GS?
069° - 448 kt
068° - 460 kt
078° - 450 kt
070° - 453 kt
Given:
True course A to B = 250°
Distance A to B = 315 NM
TAS = 450 kt.
W/V = 200°/60kt.
ETD A = 0650 UTC.
on
What is the ETA at B?
0736 UTC
r si
0730 UTC
ve
0810 UTC
0716 UTC
al
tri
Given: GS = 510 kt.

Distance A to B = 43 NM
ne
What is the time (MIN) from A to B?

5
hi
ac
4
6
fM
7
pd
Given: GS = 122 kt.

Distance from A to B = 985 NM.
What is the time from A to B?
8 HR 04 MIN
7 HR 48 MIN
7 HR 49 MIN
8 HR 10 MIN
63. oldal
Given: GS = 236 kt.

Distance from A to B = 354 NM
1 HR 30 MIN
1 HR 09 MIN
1 HR 10 MIN
1 HR 40 MIN
Given: GS = 435 kt.

4 HR 25 MIN
3 HR 25 MIN
3 HR 26 MIN
4 HR 10 MIN
on
Given: GS = 345 kt.

si

r
ve
10 HR 19 MIN
10 HR 05 MIN
al
11 HR 00 MIN
tri
11 HR 02 MIN
ne
Given: GS = 480 kt.

hi

ac
11 HR 10 MIN
fM
11 HR 06 MIN
pd
11 HR 07 MIN
11 HR 15 MIN
64. oldal
Given: GS = 95 kt.
5 HR 03 MIN
4 HR 59 MIN
5 HR 00 MIN
5 HR 08 MIN
Given: GS = 105 kt.

00 HR 59 MIN
00 HR 57 MIN
00 HR 58 MIN
01 HR 01 MIN
on
Given: GS = 120 kt.

si

r
ve
00 HR 42 MIN
00 HR 43 MIN
al
00 HR 44 MIN
tri
00 HR 45 MIN
ne
Given: GS = 135 kt.

hi

ac
3 HR 12 MIN
fM
3 HR 25 MIN
pd
3 HR 19 MIN
3 HR 20 MIN
65. oldal
Given:
Required course 045°(M);
Variation is 15°E;
W/V is 190°(T)/30 kt;
CAS is 120 kt at FL 55 in standard atmosphere.
What are the heading (°M) and GS?
055° and 147 kt
036° and 151 kt

052° and 154 kt
056° and 137 kt

Given:
Course 040°(T),
TAS is 120 kt,
Wind speed 30 kt.
Maximum drift angle will be obtained for a wind direction of:
130°
on
145°
115°
si
120°
r
ve
291. 3,557 061 04 02 00 Use of the navigational computer
265 US-GAL equals? (Specific gravity 0.80)

al
803 kg
tri
862 kg
ne
895 kg
hi
940 kg
ac
730 FT/MIN equals:

fM
3.7 m/sec
pd
5.2 m/sec
1.6 m/sec
2.2 m/sec
How long will it take to fly 5 NM at a groundspeed of 269 Kt ?

1 MIN 07 SEC
1 MIN 55 SEC
2 MIN 30 SEC
0 MIN 34 SEC
66. oldal
An aircraft travels 2.4 statute miles in 47 seconds.

What is its groundspeed?
160 kt
183 kt
209 kt
131 kt
How many NM would an aircraft travel in 1 MIN 45 SEC if GS is 135 kt?

3.94
2.36
3.25
39.0
Fuel flow per HR is 22 US-GAL, total fuel on board is 83 IMP GAL.

What is the endurance?
on
4 HR 32 MIN
si
3 HR 12 MIN
r
ve
3 HR 53 MIN
2 HR 15 MIN
al

tri
What is the ratio between the litre and the US-GAL ?

ne
1 US-GAL equals 3.78 litres

1 litre equals 3.78 US-GAL
hi
1 US-GAL equals 4.55 litres

ac
1 litre equals 4.55 US-GAL

fM
An aircraft travels 100 statute miles in 20 MIN, how long does it take to travel 215 NM?
pd
50 MIN
100 MIN
90 MIN
80 MIN
67. oldal
The equivalent of 70 m/sec is approximately:

136 kt
145 kt
210 kt
35 kt
Given:
IAS 120 kt,
FL 80,
OAT +20°C.
What is the TAS?
141 kt
102 kt
120 kt
132 kt
on
301. 1,128 061 04 03 00 The triangle of velocities, methods of solution for the determination of
An aircraft is following a true track of 048° at a constant TAS of 210 kt.

si
The wind velocity is 350° / 30 kt.

r
The GS and drift angle are:

ve
192 kt, 7° right
200 kt, 3.5° right

al
192 kt, 7° left

tri
225 kt, 7° left

ne
For a given track the:

hi
Wind component = +45 kt

ac
Drift angle = 15° left

TAS = 240 kt
What is the wind component on the reverse track?
fM
-65 kt
pd
-55 kt
-45 kt
-35 kt
68. oldal
Given:
Magnetic heading = 255°
VAR = 40°W
GS = 375 kt
W/V = 235°(T) / 120 kt
Calculate the drift angle?
7° left
7° right
9° left
16° right
Given:
True Heading = 180°
TAS = 500 kt
W/V 225° / 100 kt
Calculate the GS?
435 kt
on
600 kt
si
535 kt
r
450 kt
ve
Given:
al
True heading = 310°

TAS = 200 kt
tri
GS = 176 kt
Drift angle 7° right.
ne
Calculate the W/V?

270° / 33 kt
hi
360° / 33 kt
ac
090° / 33 kt
fM
180° / 33 kt
pd
Given:
TAS = 180 kt
GS = 180 kt
Drift 5° right
Calculate the W/V?
360° / 15 kt
190° / 15 kt
010° / 15 kt
180° / 15 kt
69. oldal
Given:
TAS = 200 kt
W/V = 220° / 30 kt.
Calculate the GS?
220 kt
230 kt
180 kt
200 kt
An aeroplane is flying at TAS 180 kt on a track of 090°.

The W/V is 045° / 50kt.
How far can the aeroplane fly out from its base and return in one hour?
85 NM
88 NM
56 NM
on
176 NM
si
The following information is displayed on an Inertial Navigation System:

r
ve
GS 520 kt,
True HDG 090°,
Drift angle 5° right,
al
TAS 480 kt.

SAT (static air temperature) -51°C.
tri
The W/V being experienced is:

320° / 60 kt
ne
225° / 60 kt
hi
220° / 60 kt
ac
325° / 60 kt
fM
The reported surface wind from the Control Tower is 240°/35 kt. Runway 30 (300°).
pd
What is the cross-wind component?

30 kt
24 kt
27 kt
21 kt
70. oldal
Given:
M 0.80,
OAT -50°C,
FL 330,
GS 490 kt,
VAR 20°W,
Magnetic heading 140°,
Drift is 11° Right.
Calculate the true W/V?
020°/95 kt
025°/47 kt
200°/95 kt
025°/45 kt
Given:
Compass Heading 090°,
Deviation 2°W,
Variation 12°E,
on
TAS 160 kt.
Whilst maintaining a radial 070° from a VOR station,
the aircraft flies a ground distance of 14 NM in 6 MIN.
si
What is the W/V °(T)?

r
160°/50 kt
ve
340°/25 kt
al
340°/98 kt
tri
155°/25 kt
ne
Given:
TAS = 220 kt;
hi
Magnetic course = 212 º,

ac
W/V 160 º(M)/ 50kt,

Calculate the GS?
fM
186 kt
pd
290 kt
246 kt
250 kt
71. oldal
Given:
Magnetic track = 315 º,
HDG = 301 º(M),
VAR = 5ºW,
TAS = 225 kt,
The aircraft flies 50 NM in 12 MIN.
Calculate the W/V(°T)?
190 º/63 kt
355 º/15 kt
195 º/61 kt
195 º/63 kt
Given:
TAS = 270 kt,
True HDG = 270°,
Actual wind 205°(T)/30kt,
Calculate the drift angle and GS?
on
6R - 259kt
6L - 256kt
si
6R - 251kt
r
ve
8R - 259kt
al
Given:
TAS = 270 kt,
tri
True HDG = 145°,

Actual wind = 205°(T)/30kt.
ne

6°L - 256 kt
hi
6°R - 251 kt
ac
8°R - 261 kt
fM
6°R - 259 kt
pd
Given:
TAS = 470 kt,
True HDG = 317°
W/V = 045°(T)/45kt
5°L - 470 kt
3°R - 470 kt
5°L - 475 kt
5°R - 475 kt
72. oldal
Given:
TAS = 140 kt,
True HDG = 302°,
W/V = 045°(T)/45kt
16°L - 156 kt
9°R - 143 kt
9°L - 146 kt
18°R - 146 kt
Given:
TAS = 290 kt,
True HDG = 171°,
W/V = 310°(T)/30kt
4°L - 314 kt
4°R - 310 kt
on
4°R - 314 kt
si
4°L - 310 kt
r
ve
Given:
TAS = 485 kt,
al
True HDG = 226°,

W/V = 110°(T)/95kt.
tri

9°R - 533 kt
ne
7°R - 531 kt
hi
9°R - 433 kt
ac
8°L - 435 kt
fM
Given:
pd
TAS = 472 kt,

True HDG = 005°,
W/V = 110°(T)/50kt.
6°L - 487 kt
7°R - 491 kt
7°L - 491 kt
7°R - 487 kt
73. oldal
Given:
TAS = 190 kt,
True HDG = 085°,
W/V = 110°(T)/50kt.
8°L - 146 kt
7°L - 156 kt
4°L - 168 kt
4°L - 145 kt
Given:
TAS = 132 kt,
True HDG = 257°
W/V = 095°(T)/35kt.
4°R - 165 kt
2°R - 166 kt
on
4°L - 167 kt
si
3°L - 166 kt
r
ve
Given:
TAS = 370 kt,
al
True HDG = 181°,

W/V = 095°(T)/35kt.
tri
Calculate the true track and GS?

ne
186 - 370 kt
176 - 370 kt
hi
192 - 370 kt
ac
189 - 370 kt
fM
Given:
pd
TAS = 375 kt,

True HDG = 124°,
W/V = 130°(T)/55kt.
123 - 320 kt
125 - 322 kt
126 - 320 kt
125 - 318 kt
74. oldal
Given:
TAS = 125 kt,
True HDG = 355°,
W/V = 320°(T)/30kt.
005 - 102 kt
345 - 100 kt
348 - 102 kt
002 - 98 kt
Given:
TAS = 198 kt,
HDG (°T) = 180,
W/V = 359/25.
Calculate the Track(°T) and GS?
180 - 223 kt
179 - 220 kt
on
181 - 180 kt
si
180 - 183 kt
r
ve
Given:
TAS = 135 kt,
al
HDG (°T) = 278,

W/V = 140/20kt
tri
Calculate the Track (°T) and GS?

ne
283 - 150 kt
279 - 152 kt
hi
282 - 148 kt
ac
275 - 150 kt
fM
Given:
pd
TAS = 225 kt,

HDG (°T) = 123°,
W/V = 090/60kt.
134 - 178 kt
134 - 188 kt
120 - 190 kt
128 - 180 kt
75. oldal
Given:
TAS = 480 kt,
HDG (°T) = 040°,
W/V = 090/60kt.
034 - 445 kt
028 - 415 kt
032 - 425 kt
036 - 435 kt
Given:
TAS = 155 kt,
HDG (T) = 216°,
W/V = 090/60kt.
Caslculate the Track (°T) and GS?
231 - 196 kt
224 - 175 kt
on
222 - 181 kt
si
226 - 186 kt
r
ve
Given:
TAS = 170 kt,
al
HDG(T) = 100°,
W/V = 350/30kt.
tri

ne
109 - 182 kt
091 - 183 kt
hi
103 - 178 kt
ac
098 - 178 kt
fM
Given:
pd
TAS = 235 kt,

HDG (T) = 076°
W/V = 040/40kt.
7R - 204 kt
7L - 269 kt
5L - 255 kt
5R - 207 kt
76. oldal
Given:
TAS = 440 kt,
HDG (T) = 349°
W/V = 040/40kt.
Calculate the drift and GS?
4L - 415 kt
2L - 420 kt
6L - 395 kt
5L - 385 kt
Given:
TAS = 465 kt,
HDG (T) = 124°,
W/V = 170/80kt.
8L - 415 kt
3L - 415 kt
on
4L - 400 kt
si
6L - 400 kt
r
ve
Given:
TAS = 95 kt,
al
HDG (T) = 075°,

W/V = 310/20kt.
tri

ne
9R - 108 kt
10L - 104 kt
hi
9L - 105 kt
ac
8R - 104 kt
fM
Given:
pd
TAS = 140 kt,

HDG (T) = 005°,
W/V = 265/25kt.
10R - 146 kt
9R - 140 kt
11R - 142 kt
11R - 140 kt
77. oldal
Given:
TAS = 190 kt,
HDG (T) = 355°,
W/V = 165/25kt.
1L - 215 kt
1L - 225 kt
1R - 175 kt
1R - 165 kt
Given:
TAS = 230 kt,
HDG (T) = 250°,
W/V = 205/10kt.
2R - 223 kt
2L - 224 kt
on
1L - 225 kt
si
1R - 221 kt
r
ve
Given:
TAS = 205 kt,
al
HDG (T) = 180°,

W/V = 240/25kt.
tri

ne
6L - 194 kt
7L - 192 kt
hi
3L - 190 kt
ac
4L - 195 kt
fM
Given:
pd
TAS = 250 kt,

HDG (T) = 029°,
W/V = 035/45kt.
1L - 205 kt
1R - 205 kt
1L - 265 kt
1R - 295 kt
78. oldal
Given:
TAS = 132 kt,
HDG (T) = 053°,
W/V = 205/15kt.
050 - 145 kt
057 - 144 kt
052 - 143 kt
051 - 144 kt
Given:
TAS = 90 kt,
HDG (T) = 355°,
W/V = 120/20kt.
346 - 102 kt
006 - 95 kt
on
358 - 101 kt
si
359 - 102 kt
r
ve
Given:
TAS = 485 kt,
al
HDG (T) = 168°,

W/V = 130/75kt.
tri

ne
174 - 428 kt
173 - 424 kt
hi
175 - 420 kt
ac
175 - 432 kt
fM
Given:
pd
TAS = 155 kt,

Track (T) = 305°,
W/V = 160/18kt.
Calculate the HDG (°T) and GS?
301 - 169 kt
305 - 169 kt
309 - 170 kt
309 - 141 kt
79. oldal
Given:
TAS = 130 kt,
Track (T) = 003°,
W/V = 190/40kt.
001 - 170 kt
002 - 173 kt
359 - 166 kt
357 - 168 kt
Given:
TAS = 227 kt,
Track (T) = 316°,
W/V = 205/15kt.
312 - 232 kt
311 - 230 kt
on
313 - 235 kt
si
310 - 233 kt
r
ve
Given:
TAS = 465 kt,
al
Track (T) = 007°,

W/V = 300/80kt.
tri

ne
358 - 428 kt
001 - 432 kt
hi
000 - 430 kt
ac
357 - 430 kt
fM
Given:
pd
TAS = 200 kt,

Track (T) = 073°,
W/V = 210/20kt.
077 - 214 kt
079 - 211 kt
075 - 213 kt
077 - 210 kt
80. oldal
Given:
TAS = 200 kt,
Track (T) = 110°,
W/V = 015/40kt.
099 - 199 kt
121 - 207 kt
121 - 199 kt
097 - 201 kt
Given:
TAS = 270 kt,
Track (T) = 260°,
W/V = 275/30kt.
262 - 241 kt
262 - 237 kt
on
264 - 241 kt
si
264 - 237 kt
r
ve
Given:
True HDG = 307°,
al
TAS = 230 kt,

Track (T) = 313°,
tri
GS = 210 kt.
Calculate the W/V?
ne
260/30kt
hi
257/35kt
ac
255/25kt
fM
265/30kt
pd
Given:
True HDG = 233°,
TAS = 480 kt,
Track (T) = 240°,
GS = 523 kt.
Calculate the W/V?
110/75kt
115/70kt
110/80kt
105/75kt
81. oldal
Given:
True HDG = 133°,
TAS = 225 kt,
Track (T) = 144°,
GS = 206 kt.
Calculate the W/V?
075/45kt
070/40kt
070/45kt
075/50kt
Given:
True HDG = 074°,
TAS = 230 kt,
Track (T) = 066°,
GS = 242 kt.
Calculate the W/V?
on
180/35kt
180/30kt
si
185/35kt
r
ve
180/40kt
al
Given:
True HDG = 206°,
tri
TAS = 140 kt,

Track (T) = 207°,
ne
GS = 135 kt.
Calculate the W/V?
hi
180/05kt
ac
000/05kt
fM
000/10kt
180/10kt
pd
82. oldal
Given:
True HDG = 054°,
TAS = 450 kt,
Track (T) = 059°,
GS = 416 kt.
Calculate the W/V?
010/50kt
005/50kt
010/55kt
010/45kt
Given:
True HDG = 145°,
TAS = 240 kt,
Track (T) = 150°,
GS = 210 kt.
Calculate the W/V?
on
115/35kt
360/35kt
si
180/35kt
r
ve
295/35kt
al
Given:
True HDG = 002°,
tri
TAS = 130 kt,

Track (T) = 353°,
ne
GS = 132 kt.
Calculate the W/V?
hi
095/20kt
ac
090/15kt
fM
090/20kt
095/25kt
pd
83. oldal
Given:
True HDG = 035°,
TAS = 245 kt,
Track (T) = 046°,
GS = 220 kt.
Calculate the W/V?
340/50kt
335/45kt
335/55kt
340/45kt
Given:
course required = 085° (T),
Forecast W/V 030/100kt,
TAS = 470 kt,
Distance = 265 NM.
Calculate the true HDG and flight time?
075°, 39 MIN
on
076°, 34 MIN
si
096°, 29 MIN
r
ve
095°, 31 MIN
al
For a landing on runway 23 (227° magnetic) surface

W/V reported by the ATIS is 180/30kt.
tri
VAR is 13°E.
Calculate the cross wind component?
ne
22 kt
hi
26 kt
ac
15 kt
fM
20 kt
pd
Given:
Maximum allowable tailwind component for landing 10 kt.
Planned runway 05 (047° magnetic).
The direction of the surface wind reported by ATIS 210°.
Variation is 17°E.
Calculate the maximum allowable windspeed that can
be accepted without exceeding the tailwind limit?
11 kt
18 kt
8 kt
15 kt
84. oldal
Given:
Maximum allowable crosswind component is 20 kt.
Runway 06, RWY QDM 063°(M).
Wind direction 100°(M)
Calculate the maximum allowable windspeed?
33 kt
31 kt
26 kt
25 kt
Given:
Runway direction 083°(M),
Surface W/V 035/35kt.
Calculate the effective headwind component?
24 kt
27 kt
on
31 kt
34 kt
r si
ve
Given:
For take-off an aircraft requires a headwind component
of at least 10 kt and has a cross-wind limitation of 35 kt.
al
The angle between the wind direction and the runway is 60°,
Calculate the minimum and maximum allowable wind speeds?
tri
20 kt and 40 kt
ne
12 kt and 38 kt
hi
15 kt and 43 kt
ac
18 kt and 50 kt
fM
Given:
Runway direction 230°(T),
pd
Surface W/V 280°(T)/40 kt.

Calculate the effective cross-wind component?
31 kt
36 kt
21 kt
26 kt
85. oldal
Given:
Surface W/V 230°(M)/30kt.
Calculate the cross-wind component?
10 kt
19 kt
16 kt
13 kt
Given:
Surface W/V 260°(M)/30 kt.
Calculate the cross-wind component?
21 kt
24 kt
27 kt
on
18 kt
si
Given:
r
ve
Magnetic track = 075°,

HDG = 066°(M),
VAR = 11°E,
al
TAS = 275 kt
Aircraft flies 48 NM in 10 MIN.
tri
Calculate the true W/V °?

340°/45 kt
ne
320°/50 kt
hi
210°/15 kt
ac
180°/45 kt
fM
Given:
pd
Magnetic track = 210°,

Magnetic HDG = 215°,
VAR = 15°E,
TAS = 360 kt,
Aircraft flies 64 NM in 12 MIN.
Calculate the true W/V?
265°/50 kt
195°/50 kt
235°/50 kt
300°/30 kt
86. oldal
Given:
An aircraft is on final approach to runway 32R (322°);
The wind velocity reported by the tower is 350°/20 kt.;
TAS on approach is 95 kt.
In order to maintain the centre line, the aircraft's heading (°M) should be :
328°
322°
316°
326°
Given:
FL120,
OAT is ISA standard,
CAS is 200 kt,
Track is 222°(M),
Heading is 215°(M),
Variation is 15°W.
Time to fly 105 NM is 21 MIN.
on
What is the W/V?
050°(T) / 70 kt.
si
040°(T) / 105 kt.

r
ve
055°(T) / 105 kt .
065°(T) / 70 kt.
al
tri
374. 12,406 061 04 04 00 Determination of DR position
A useful method of a pilot resolving, during a visual flight, any uncertainty in the
aircraft's position is to maintain visual contact with the ground and:
ne
set heading towards a line feature such as a coastline, motorway, river or railway
hi
fly the reverse of the heading being flown prior to becoming uncertain until a pinpoint is obtained
ac
fly expanding circles until a pinpoint is obtained

fM
fly reverse headings and associated timings until the point of departure is regained
375. 1,131 061 04 05 00 Measurement of DR elements
pd
Given:
FL 350,
Mach 0.80,
OAT -55°C.
Calculate the values for TAS and local speed of sound (LSS)?
461 kt , LSS 576 kt
237 kt, LSS 296 kt

490 kt, LSS 461 kt
461 kt , LSS 296 kt

87. oldal
An aircraft is maintaining a 5.2% gradient is at 7 NM from the runway, on a flat terrain; its
height is approximately:
2210 FT
680 FT
1890 FT
3640 FT
Given:
TAS = 485 kt,
OAT = ISA +10°C,
FL 410.
Calculate the Mach Number?
0.825
0.90
0.85
on
0.87
si
What is the ISA temperature value at FL 330?

r
-50°C
ve
-56°C
al
-66°C
tri
-81°C
ne
Given:
TAS 487kt,
hi
FL 330,
ac
Temperature ISA + 15.

Calculate the MACH Number?
fM
0.81
pd
0.84
0.76
0.78
88. oldal
Given:
Pressure Altitude 29000 FT,
OAT -55°C.
Calculate the Density Altitude?
27500 FT
31000 FT
33500 FT
26000 FT
Given:
FL250,
OAT -15 ºC,
TAS 250 kt.
Calculate the Mach No.?
0.40
0.42
on
0.44
0.39
r si

ve
Given:
Airport elevation is 1000 ft.
QNH is 988 hPa.
al
What is the approximate airport pressure altitude?

(Assume 1 hPa = 27 FT)
tri
1680 FT
ne
320 FT
hi
680 FT
ac
- 320 FT
fM
Given :
True altitude 9000 FT,
pd
OAT -32°C,
CAS 200 kt.
What is the TAS?
220 kt
215 kt
200 kt
210 kt
89. oldal
Given:
Aircraft at FL 150 overhead an airport
Elevation of airport 720 FT.
QNH is 1003 hPa.
OAT at FL150 -5°C.
What is the true altitude of the aircraft?
(Assume 1 hPa = 27 FT)
15 280 FT
15 840 FT
14 160 FT
14 720 FT
An aircraft takes off from the aerodrome of BRIOUDE (altitude 1 483 FT, QFE = 963 hPa,
temperature = 32°C).
Five minutes later, passing 5 000 FT on QFE, the second altimeter set on 1 013 hPa will
indicate approximately :
6 400 FT
on
6 800 FT
si
6 000 FT
r
4 000 FT
ve
386. 1,818 061 04 06 00 Resolution of current DR problems by means of

al
Assume a North polar stereographic chart whose grid is

aligned with the Greenwich meridian.
tri
An aircraft flies from the geographic North pole for a distance

of 480 NM along the 110°E meridian, then follows a grid track
ne
of 154° for a distance of 300 NM.

Its position is now approximately:
hi
80°00'N 080°E
ac
78°45'N 087°E
79°15'N 074°E
fM
70°15'N 080°E
pd
Given:
A polar stereographic chart whose grid is aligned with the zero meridian.
Grid track 344°,
Longitude 115°00'W,
Calculate the true course?
229°
099°
279°
049°
90. oldal
(For this question use annex 061-1828A and the data for 1215 UTC)
1215 UTC LAJES VORTAC (38°46'N 027°05'W) RMI reads 178°,
range 135 NM.
Calculate the aircraft position at 1215 UTC?
40°55'N 027°55'W
40°50'N 027°40'W
41°00'N 028°10'W
41°05'N 027°50'W
(For this question use annex 061-1829A and the data for 1300 UTC)
1300 UTC DR position 37°30'N 021°30'W alter heading
PORT SANTO NDB (33°03'N 016°23'W)
TAS 450 kt,
Forecast W/V 360°/30kt.
Calculate the ETA at PORT SANTO NDB?
1348
1344
on
1341
si
1354
r
ve
390. 1,836 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
For a distance of 1860 NM between Q and R, a ground speed " out" of 385 kt, a ground
speed " back" of 465 kt and an endurance of 8 HR (excluding reserves) the distance from
al
Q to the point of safe return (PSR) is:

tri
1685 NM
ne
1532 NM
930 NM
hi
1865 NM
ac
391. 1,837 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
Two points A and B are 1000 NM apart. TAS = 490 kt.

fM
On the flight between A and B the equivalent headwind is -20 kt.

On the return leg between B and A, the equivalent headwind is +40 kt.
pd
What distance from A, along the route A to B, is the the Point of Equal Time (PET)?
530 NM
470 NM
455 NM
500 NM
91. oldal
392. 1,839 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
Given:
AD = Air distance
GD = Ground distance
TAS = True Airspeed
GS = Groundspeed
Which of the following is the correct formula to calculate ground distance (GD) gone?
GD = (AD X GS)/TAS
GD = (AD - TAS)/TAS
GD = AD X (GS -TAS)/GS
GD = TAS/(GS X AD)
393. 9,409 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
An aircraft was over 'A' at 1435 hours flying direct to 'B'.

Given:
Distance 'A' to 'B' 2900 NM
True airspeed 470 kt
Mean wind component 'out' +55 kt
Mean wind component 'back' -75 kt
The ETA for reaching the Point of Equal Time (PET) between 'A' and 'B' is:
on
1657
si
1744
r
ve
1846
1721
al
394. 9,410 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
An aircraft was over 'A' at 1435 hours flying direct to 'B'.

tri
Given:
ne

Mean wind component 'out' +55 kt
Mean wind component 'back' -75 kt
hi
Safe endurance 9 HR 30 MIN

ac
The distance from 'A' to the Point of Safe Return (PSR) 'A' is:
fM
2141 NM
1611 NM
pd
1759 NM
2844 NM
92. oldal
395. 9,411 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
Given:
Groundspeed 'out' 420 kt
Groundspeed 'back' 500 kt
The time from 'A' to the Point of Equal Time (PET) between 'A' and 'B' is:
193 MIN
163 MIN
173 MIN
183 MIN
396. 9,412 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
Given:
Mean groundspeed 'out' 420 kt
Mean groundspeed 'back' 500 kt
1940 NM
on
1908 NM
si
1736 NM
r
1630 NM
ve
397. 9,413 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
An aircraft was over 'Q' at 1320 hours flying direct to 'R'.

al
Given:
Distance 'Q' to 'R' 3016 NM
tri

Mean wind component 'out' -90 kt
ne
Mean wind component 'back' +75 kt

The ETA for reaching the Point of Equal Time (PET) between 'Q' and 'R' is:
hi
1752
ac
1756
fM
1820
1742
pd
93. oldal
398. 9,414 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
An aircraft was over 'Q' at 1320 hours flying direct to 'R'.

Given:
Mean wind component 'out' -90 kt
Mean wind component 'back' +75 kt
Safe endurance 10:00 HR
The distance from 'Q' to the Point of Safe Return (PSR) 'Q' is:
2290 NM
2370 NM
1310 NM
1510 NM
399. 9,415 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
Given:
on
130 MIN
si
145 MIN
r
ve
162 MIN
181 MIN
al
400. 9,416 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
Given:
tri

ne

hi
ac
1490 NM
1664 NM
fM
1698 NM
pd
1422 NM
94. oldal
401. 9,417 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
Given:
219 MIN
290 MIN
197 MIN
167 MIN
402. 9,418 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
Given:
The time from 'A' to the Point of Safe Return (PSR) 'A' is:
290 MIN
on
219 MIN
si
197 MIN
r
209 MIN
ve
403. 9,419 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
Given:
al

tri

The time from 'Q' to the Point of Equal Time (PET) between 'Q' and 'R' is:
ne
114 MIN
hi
110 MIN
ac
106 MIN
fM
102 MIN
404. 9,420 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
pd
Given:
Safe endurance 9 HR
The distance from 'Q' to the Point of Safe Return (PSR) between 'Q' and 'R' is:
1838 NM
1313 NM
1467 NM
1642 NM
95. oldal
405. 9,421 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
Given:
263 MIN
288 MIN
323 MIN
238 MIN
406. 11,961 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
An aircraft takes-off from an airport 2 hours before sunset. The pilot flies a track of
090°(T), W/V 130°/ 20 kt, TAS 100 kt. In order to return to the point of departure before
sunset, the furthest distance which may be travelled is:
97 NM
115 NM
105 NM
on
84 NM
si
407. 11,972 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
From the departure point, the distance to the point of equal time is :
r
ve
inversely proportional to the sum of ground speed out and ground speed back
al
proportional to the sum of ground speed out and ground speed back
tri
inversely proportional to the total distance to go

ne
inversely proportional to ground speed back

408. 11,991 061 04 07 00 Measurements of
hi
Given:
Distance A to B is 360 NM.
ac
Wind component A - B is -15 kt,

Wind component B - A is +15 kt,
fM
TAS is 180 kt.

What is the distance from the equal-time-point to B?
pd
165 NM
195 NM
180 NM
170 NM
96. oldal
409. 2,294 061 05 01 00 Use of visual observations and application to in-flight navigation
A ground feature appears 30° to the left of the centre line of the CRT of an airborne
weather radar. If the heading of the aircraft is 355° (M) and the magnetic variation is 15°
East, the true bearing of the aircraft from the feature is:
160°
220°
310°
130°
During a low level flight 2 parallel roads that are crossed at right angles by an aircraft.
The time between these roads can be used to check the aircraft:
groundspeed
position
track
drift
on
An island appears 30° to the left of the centre line on an airborne weather radar display.
What is the true bearing of the aircraft from the island if at the time of observation the
si
aircraft was on a magnetic heading of 276° with the magnetic variation 12°W?
r
054°
ve
318°
234°
al
tri
038°
ne
A ground feature was observed on a relative bearing of 325° and five minutes later on a
relative bearing of 280°. The aircraft heading was 165°(M), variation 25°W, drift 10°Right
hi
and GS 360 kt. When the relative bearing was 280°, the distance and true bearing of the
aircraft from the feature was:
ac
30 NM and 240°
fM
40 NM and 110°
40 NM and 290°
pd
30 NM and 060°
97. oldal
An island is observed by weather radar to be 15° to the left.

The aircraft heading is 120°(M) and the magnetic variation 17°W.
What is the true bearing of the aircraft from the island?
268°
302°
088°
122°
A ground feature was observed on a relative bearing of 315° and 3 MIN later on a relative
bearing of 270°.
The W/V is calm; aircraft GS 180 kt.
What is the minimum distance between the aircraft and the ground feature?
9 NM
12 NM
3 NM
on
6 NM
si
An island is observed to be 15° to the left.

The aircraft heading is 120°(M), variation 17°(W).
r
ve
The bearing °(T) from the aircraft to the island is:

088
al
122
tri
268
ne
302
hi
ac
aircraft was on a magnetic heading (MH) of 276° with the magnetic variation (VAR) 10°E?
046°
fM
086°
pd
226°
026°
98. oldal
An island appears 45° to the right of the centre line on an airborne weather radar display.
aircraft was on a magnetic heading (MH) of 215° with the magnetic variation (VAR) 21°W?
059°
101°
239°
329°
An island appears 30° to the right of the centre line on an airborne weather radar display.
aircraft was on a magnetic heading (MH) of 355° with the magnetic variation (VAR) 15°E?
220°
130°
160°
190°
on
si
aircraft was on a magnetic heading (MH) of 020° with the magnetic variation (VAR) 25°W?
r
ve
145°
195°
al
205°
tri
325°
ne
420. 1,632 061 05 02 00 Navigation in climb and descent
An aircraft is descending down a 12% slope whilst maintaining a GS of 540 kt.

hi
The rate of descent of the aircraft is approximately:

ac
6500 FT/MIN
fM
650 FT/MIN
4500 FT/MIN
pd
3900 FT/MIN
Assuming zero wind, what distance will be covered by an aircraft descending 15000 FT
with a TAS of 320 kt and maintaining a rate of descent of 3000 FT/MIN?
26.7 NM
19.2 NM
38.4 NM
16.0 NM
99. oldal
An aircraft at FL370 is required to commence descent at 120 NM from a VOR and to cross
the facility at FL130. If the mean GS for the descent is 288 kt, the minimum rate of descent
required is:
960 FT/MIN
860 FT/MIN
890 FT/MIN
920 FT/MIN
An aircraft at FL350 is required to descend to cross a DME facility at FL80.

Maximum rate of descent is 1800 FT/MIN and mean GS for descent is 276 kt.
The minimum range from the DME at which descent should start is:
69 NM
79 NM
49 NM
59 NM
on
An aircraft at FL350 is required to cross a VOR/DME facility at

si
FL110 and to commence descent when 100 NM from the facility.

If the mean GS for the descent is 335 kt, the minimum rate of
r
ve
descent required is:

1340 FT/MIN
al
1390 FT/MIN
tri
1240 FT/MIN
ne
1290 FT/MIN
hi
An aircraft at FL390 is required to descend to cross a DME facility at FL70. Maximum rate
of descent is 2500 FT/MIN, mean GS during descent is 248 kt. What is the minimum range
ac
from the DME at which descent should commence?

fM
53 NM
58 NM
pd
63 NM
68 NM
100. oldal
An aircraft at FL370 is required to commence descent when

100 NM from a DME facility and to cross the station at FL120.
If the mean GS during the descent is 396 kt, the minimum
rate of descent required is approximately:
1650 FT/MIN
2400 FT/MIN
1000 FT/MIN
1550 FT/MIN
At 0422 an aircraft at FL370, GS 320kt,

is on the direct track to VOR 'X' 185 NM distant.
The aircraft is required to cross VOR 'X' at FL80.
For a mean rate of descent of 1800 FT/MIN at a mean GS of 232 kt,
the latest time at which to commence descent is:
0445
0448
on
0451
0454
r si

ve
An aircraft at FL330 is rerquired to commence descent

when 65 NM from a VOR and to cross the VOR at FL100.
The mean GS during the descent is 330 kt.
al
What is the minimum rate of descent required?

tri
1950 FT/MIN
ne
1650 FT/MIN
1750 FT/MIN
hi
1850 FT/MIN
ac
An aircraft at FL290 is required to commence descent

fM
when 50 NM from a VOR and to cross that VOR at FL80.

Mean GS during descent is 271kt.
pd

1900 FT/MIN
2000 FT/MIN
1700 FT/MIN
1800 FT/MIN
101. oldal
An aircraft at FL350 is required to commence descent

when 85 NM from a VOR and to cross the VOR at FL80.
The mean GS for the descent is 340 kt.
1800 FT/MIN
1900 FT/MIN
1600 FT/MIN
1700 FT/MIN
What is the effect on the Mach number and TAS in an aircraft that is climbing with
constant CAS?
Mach number increases; TAS increases
Mach number remains constant; TAS increases
Mach number decreases; TAS decreases
Mach number increases; TAS remains constant

on
Given:
si
TAS = 197 kt,

True course = 240°,
r
ve
W/V = 180/30kt.
Descent is initiated at FL 220 and completed at FL 40.
Distance to be covered during descent is 39 NM.
al
What is the approximate rate of descent?

tri
1400 FT/MIN
ne
800 FT/MIN
950 FT/MIN
hi
1500 FT/MIN
ac
Given:
fM
ILS GP angle = 3.5 DEG,

GS = 150 kt.
pd
What is the approximate rate of descent?

900 FT/MIN
1000 FT/MIN
700 FT/MIN
800 FT/MIN
102. oldal
Given:
aircraft height 2500 FT,
ILS GP angle 3°.
At what approximate distance from THR can you expect to capture the GP?
8.3 NM
7.0 NM
13.1 NM
14.5 NM
435. 1,163 061 05 03 00 Navigation in cruising flight, use of fixes to revise navigation data as
A pilot receives the following signals from a VOR DME station:

radial 180°+/- 1°, distance = 200 NM.
What is the approximate error?
+/- 3.5 NM
+/- 1 NM
+/- 2 NM
on
+/- 7 NM
si
An aircraft at FL310, M0.83, temperature -30°C, is required to reduce speed in order to

cross a reporting point five minutes later than planned.
r
ve
Assuming that a zero wind component remains unchanged, when 360 NM from the
reporting point Mach Number should be reduced to:
al
M0.74
tri
M0.76
M0.78
ne
M0.80
hi
An aircraft at FL120, IAS 200kt, OAT -5° and wind component +30kt, is required to reduce
ac
speed in order to cross a reporting point 5 MIN later than planned.

Assuming flight conditions do not change, when 100 NM from the reporting point IAS
fM
should be reduced to:

pd
159 kt
165 kt
169 kt
174 kt
103. oldal
An aircraft at FL370, M0.86, OAT -44°C, headwind component 110 kt, is required to reduce
speed in order to cross a reporting point 5 MIN later than planned.
If the speed reduction were to be made 420 NM from the reporting point, what Mach
Number is required?
M0.81
M0.73
M0.75
M0.79
An aircraft at FL140, IAS 210 kt, OAT -5°C and wind component minus 35 kt, is required to
reduce speed in order to cross a reporting point 5 MIN later than planned.
Assuming that flight conditions do not change, when 150 NM from the reporting point the
IAS should be reduced by:
20 kt
25 kt
30 kt
on
15 kt
si
An aircraft obtains a relative bearing of 315° from an NDB at 0830. At 0840 the relative
r
ve
bearing from the same position is 270°.

Assuming no drift and a GS of 240 kt, what is the approximate range from the NDB at
0840?
al
40 NM
tri
50 NM
ne
60 NM
hi
30 NM
ac
The distance between positions A and B is 180 NM. An aircraft departs position A and
after having travelled 60 NM, its position is pinpointed 4 NM left of the intended track.
fM
Assuming no change in wind velocity, what alteration of heading must be made in order
to arrive at position B?
pd
6° Right
8° Right
2° Left
4° Right
104. oldal
Given:
Distance A to B = 120 NM,
After 30 NM aircraft is 3 NM to the left of course.
What heading alteration should be made in order to arrive at point 'B'?
8° right
6° right
4° right
8° left
An aircraft is planned to fly from position 'A' to position 'B',

distance 480 NM at an average GS of 240 kt. It departs 'A' at 1000 UTC.
After flying 150 NM along track from 'A', the aircraft is 2 MIN behind planned time.
Using the actual GS experienced, what is the revised ETA at 'B'?
1206
1203
1153
on
1157
si
An aircraft is planned to fly from position 'A' to position 'B',distance

r
ve
320 NM, at an average GS of 180 kt. It departs 'A' at 1200 UTC.

After flying 70 NM along track from 'A', the aircraft is 3 MIN ahead of planned time.
al
1333 UTC
tri
1401 UTC
ne
1347 UTC
hi
1340 UTC
ac
An aircraft is planned to fly from position 'A' to position 'B',

distance 250 NM at an average GS of 115 kt. It departs 'A' at 0900 UTC.
fM
After flying 75 NM along track from 'A', the aircraft is 1.5 MIN behind planned time.
pd
1115 UTC
1110 UTC
1044 UTC
1050 UTC
105. oldal
Given:
Distance 'A' to 'B' is 475 NM,
Planned GS 315 kt,
ATD 1000 UTC,
1040 UTC - fix obtained 190 NM along track.
What GS must be maintained from the fix in
order to achieve planned ETA at 'B'?
340 kt
360 kt.
300 kt
320 kt.
Given:
Planned GS 315 kt,
ATD 1130 UTC,
1205 UTC - fix obtained 165 NM along track.
What GS must be maintained from the fix in
on
order to achieve planned ETA at 'B'?
355 kt
r si
375 kt
ve
395 kt
335 kt
al
tri
Given:
ne
Fix obtained 40 NM along and 6 NM to the left of course.

What heading alteration must be made to reach 'B'?
hi
15° Right
ac
9° Right
6° Right
fM
18° Right
pd
Given:
Fix obtained 60 NM along and 4 NM to the right of course.
What heading alteration must be made to reach 'B'?
12° Left
16° Left
4° Left
8° Left
106. oldal
Given :
ETA to cross a meridian is 2100 UTC
GS is 441 kt
TAS is 491 kt
At 2010 UTC, ATC requests a speed reduction to cross the meridian at 2105 UTC.
The reduction to TAS will be approximately:
40 kt
90 kt
75 kt
60 kt
The distance between two waypoints is 200 NM,

To calculate compass heading, the pilot used 2°E magnetic variation instead of 2°W.
Assuming that the forecast W/V applied, what will the off track distance be at the second
waypoint?
14 NM
7 NM
on
0 NM
si
21 NM
r
ve
Given:
Half way between two reporting points the navigation log gives the following information:
al
TAS 360 kt,

W/V 330°/80kt,
tri
Compass heading 237°,

Deviation on this heading -5°,
ne
Variation 19°W.
What is the average ground speed for this leg?
hi
403 kt
ac
354 kt
fM
373 kt
360 kt
pd
453. 9,437 061 05 04 00 Flight log (including navigation records)

Complete line 1 of the 'FLIGHT NAVIGATION LOG'; positions 'A' to 'B'.
What is the HDG°(M) and ETA?
268° - 1114 UTC
282° - 1128 UTC

282° - 1114 UTC
268° - 1128 UTC

107. oldal

Complete line 2 of the 'FLIGHT NAVIGATION LOG', positions 'C' to 'D'.
HDG 193° - ETA 1239 UTC
HDG 188° - ETA 1229 UTC

HDG 193° - ETA 1249 UTC
HDG 183° - ETA 1159 UTC


Complete line 3 of the 'FLIGHT NAVIGATION LOG', positions 'E' to 'F'.
HDG 105° - ETA 1205 UTC
HDG 095° - ETA 1155 UTC
HDG 106° - ETA 1215 UTC
HDG 115° - ETA 1145 UTC

on

si
Complete line 4 of the 'FLIGHT NAVIGATION LOG', positions 'G' to 'H'.

r
ve
HDG 344° - ETA 1336 UTC

HDG 354° - ETA 1326 UTC
al
HDG 034° - ETA 1336 UTC

tri
HDG 344° - ETA 1303 UTC

ne

hi
Complete line 5 of the 'FLIGHT NAVIGATION LOG', positions 'J' to 'K'.

ac
HDG 337° - ETA 1422 UTC

fM
HDG 320° - ETA 1412 UTC

HDG 337° - ETA 1322 UTC
pd
HDG 320° - ETA 1432 UTC

108. oldal

Complete line 6 of the 'FLIGHT NAVIGATION LOG', positions 'L' to 'M'.
HDG 075° - ETA 1502 UTC
HDG 064° - ETA 1449 UTC

HDG 075° - ETA 1452 UTC
HDG 070° - ETA 1459 UTC

The flight log gives the following data :

" True track, Drift, True heading, Magnetic variation, Magnetic heading, Compass
deviation, Compass heading"
The right solution, in the same order, is :
119°, 3°L, 122°, 2°E, 120°, +4°, 116°

115°, 5°R, 120°, 3°W, 123°, +2°, 121°
117°, 4°L, 121°, 1°E, 122°, -3°, 119°
on
125°, 2°R, 123°, 2°W, 121°, -4°, 117°
si
(For this question use appendix )

r
ve
Given:
TAS is120 kt.
ATA 'X' 1232 UTC,
al
ETA 'Y' 1247 UTC,

ATA 'Y' is 1250 UTC.
tri
What is ETA 'Z'?

ne
1302 UTC
1257 UTC
hi
1300 UTC
ac
1303 UTC
fM
461. 9,990 061 05 05 00 Purposes of FMS (flight management systems)
The purpose of the Flight Management System (FMS), as for example installed in the
pd
B737-400, is to provide:
continuous automatic navigation guidance and performance management
manual navigation guidance and automatic performance management
continuous automatic navigation guidance as well as manual performance management
both manual navigation guidance and performance management

109. oldal
Which component of the B737-400 Flight Management System (FMS) is used to enter
flight plan routeing and performance parameters?
Multi-Function Control Display Unit
Flight Management Computer

Inertial Reference System
Flight Director System

What indication, if any, is given in the B737-400 Flight Management System if radio
updating is not available?
A warning message is displayed on the EHSI and MFDU
A warning message is displayed on the IRS displays
A warning message is displayed on the Flight Director System
No indication is given so long as the IRS positions remain within limits

What is the validity period of the 'permanent' data base of aeronautical information stored
on
in the FMC In the B737-400 Flight Management System?
si
28 days
r
one calendar month

ve
3 calendar months
al
14 days
tri
In the B737-400 Flight Management System the CDUs are used during preflight to:
ne
manually initialize the IRSs and FMC with dispatch information

hi
automatically initialize the IRSs and FMC with dispatch information

ac
manually initialize the Flight Director System and FMC with dispatch information
manually initialize the IRSs, FMC and Autothrottle with dispatch information
fM
How is the radio position determined by the FMC in the B737-400 Electronic Flight
pd
Instrument System?
DME/DME
DME/DME or VOR/DME
DME ranges and/ or VOR/ADF bearings
VOR/DME range and bearing

110. oldal
In which of the following situations is the FMC present position of a B737-400 Electronic
Flight Instrument System likely to be least accurate?
Just after take-off
At top of climb
At top of descent
On final approach
What are, in order of highest priority followed by lowest, the two levels of message
produced by the CDU of the B737-400 Electronic Flight Instrument System?
Alerting and Advisory
Urgent and Routine
Priority and Alerting
Urgent and Advisory

Which of the following can all be stored as five letter waypoint identifiers through the
on
CDU of a B737-400 Electronic Flight Instrument System?
si
Waypoint names; navaid identifiers; runway numbers; airport ICAO identifiers

r
Airway names; navaid identifiers; airport names; waypoint code numbers

ve
Waypoint names; navaid frequencies; runway codes; airport ICAO identifiers

al
Waypoint names; navaid positions; airport ICAO identifiers; airport names

tri
Which of the following lists all the methods that can be used to enter 'Created Waypoints'
into the CDU of a B737-400 Electronic Flight Instrument System?
ne
Identifier bearing/distance; place bearing/place bearing; along-track displacement; latitude and

hi
longitude
ac
Identifier bearing/distance; place bearing/place distance; along/across-track displacement;

latitude and longitude
fM
Identifier bearing/distance; place bearing/place bearing; latitude and longitude; waypoint name
Identifier bearing/distance; place distance/place distance; along-track displacement; latitude and

pd
longitude
Which FMC/CDU page normally appears on initial power application to the B737-400
Electronic Flight Instrument System?
IDENT
INITIAL
POS INIT
PERF INIT
111. oldal
Which of the following lists the first three pages of the FMC/CDU normally used to enter
data on initial start-up of the B737-400 Electronic Flight Instrument System?
IDENT - POS INIT - RTE
POS INIT - RTE - IDENT

IDENT - RTE - DEPARTURE
POS INIT - RTE - DEPARTURE

473. 1,866 061 06 01 00 Principles and practical application
With reference to inertial navigation systems, a TAS input is:

required to provide a W/V read out
not required
required for Polar navigation
required for rhumb line navigation

The platform of an inertial navigation system (INS) is maintained at right angles to the
local vertical by applying corrections for the effects of:
on
aircraft manoeuvres, earth rotation, transport wander and coriolis

si
gyroscopic inertia, earth rotation and real drift

r
ve
vertical velocities, earth precession, centrifugal forces and transport drift
movement in the yawing plane, secondary precession and pendulous oscillation

al

tri
Some inertial reference and navigation systems are known as " strapdown" .
This means that:
ne
the gyroscopes and accelerometers become part of the unit's fixture to the aircraft structure
hi
only the gyros, and not the accelerometers, become part of the unit's fixture to the aircraft
structure
ac
gyros and accelerometers are mounted on a stabilised platform in the aircraft

fM
gyros and accelerometers need satellite information input to obtain a vertical reference
pd
In order to maintain an accurate vertical using a pendulous system, an aircraft inertial

platform incorporates a device:
with damping and a period of 84.4 MIN
without damping and a period of 84.4 MIN
without damping and a period of 84.4 SEC
with damping and a period of 84.4 SEC

112. oldal
The term drift refers to the wander of the axis of a gyro in:
the horizontal plane
the vertical plane

the vertical and horizontal plane
any plane
In an Inertial Navigation System (INS), Ground Speed (GS) is calculated:

by integrating measured acceleration
from TAS and W/V from Air Data Computer (ADC)

from TAS and W/V from RNAV data
by integrating gyro precession in N/S and E/W directions respectively

One of the errors inherent in a ring laser gyroscope occurs at low input rotation rates
tending towards zero when a phenomenon known as 'lock-in' is experienced. What is the
on
name of the technique, effected by means of a piezo-electric motor, that is used to correct
this error?
si
dither
r
ve
cavity rotation
zero drop
al
beam lock
tri
The resultant of the first integration of the output from the east/west accelerometer of an
ne
inertial navigation system (INS) in NAV MODE is:

velocity along the local parallel of latitude
hi
change of longitude
ac
vehicle longitude
fM
departure
pd
Which of the following lists, which compares an Inertial Reference System that utilises
Ring Laser Gyroscopes (RLG) instead of conventional gyroscopes, is completely
correct?
There is little or no 'spin up' time and it is insensitive to gravitational ('g') forces
The platform is kept stable relative to the earth mathematically rather than mechanically but it
has a longer 'spin up' time
It does not suffer from 'lock in' error and it is insensitive to gravitational ('g') forces
There is little or no 'spin up' time and it does not suffer from 'lock in' error
113. oldal
The principle of 'Schuler Tuning' as applied to the operation of Inertial Navigation

Systems/ Inertial Reference Systems is applicable to:
both gyro-stabilised platform and 'strapdown' systems
only gyro-stabilised systems

both gyro-stabilised and laser gyro systems but only when operating in the non 'strapdown' mode
only to 'strapdown' laser gyro systems

The resultant of the first integration from the north/south accelerometer of an inertial
navigation system (INS) in the NAV MODE is:
velocity along the local meridian
groundspeed
change latitude
latitude
Double integration of the output from the east/west accelerometer of an inertial

on
navigation system (INS) in the NAV MODE give:
si
distance east/west
r
vehicle longitude
ve
distance north/south
al
velocity east/west
tri
What additional information is required to be input to an Inertial Navigation System (INS)

in order to obtain an W/V readout?
ne
TAS
hi
IAS
ac
Altitude and OAT

fM
Mach Number
pd
What is the name given to an Inertial Reference System (IRS) which has the gyros and
accelerometers as part of the unit's fixture to the aircraft structure?
Strapdown
Rigid
Solid state
Ring laser
114. oldal
487. 1,848 061 06 02 00 Alignment procedures
During initial alignment an inertial navigation system is north aligned by inputs from:
horizontal accelerometers and the east gyro
the aircraft remote reading compass system

computer matching of measured gravity magnitude to gravity magnitude of initial alignment
vertical accelerometers and the north gyro

During the initial alignment of an inertial navigation system (INS) the equipment:
will not accept a 10° error in initial latitude but will accept a 10° error in initial longitude
will accept a 10° error in initial latitude but will not accept a 10° error in initial longitude
will not accept a 10° error in initial latitude or initial longitude
will accept a 10° error in initial latitude and initial longitude

Which of the following statement is correct concerning gyro-compassing of an inertial

navigation system (INS)?
on
Gyro-compassing of an INS is not possible in flight because it cannot differentiate between
movement induced and misalignment induced accelerations.
si
Gyro-compassing of an INS is possible in flight because it can differentiate between movement

r
induced and misalignment induced accelerations.

ve
Gyro-compassing of an INS is possible in flight because it cannot differentiate between

al
Gyro-compassing of an INS is not possible in flight because it can differentiate between

tri

Which of the following statements concerning the loss of alignment by an Inertial

ne
Reference System (IRS) in flight is correct?

hi
The navigation mode, including present position and ground speed outputs, is inoperative for the
remainder of the flight
ac
The IRS has to be coupled to the remaining serviceable system and a realignment carried out in
flight
fM
The mode selector has to be rotated to ATT then back through ALIGN to NAV in order to obtain
an in-flight realignment
pd
It is not usable in any mode and must be shut down for the rest of the flight
The alignment time, at mid-latitudes, for an Inertial Reference System using laser ring
gyros is approximately:
10 MIN
20 MIN
2 MIN
5 MIN
115. oldal
Which of the following statements concerning the alignment procedure for Inertial
Navigation Systems(INS)/Inertial Reference Systems (IRS) at mid-latitudes is correct?
INS/IRS can be aligned in either the ALIGN or NAV mode
INS/IRS can only be aligned in the ALIGN mode

INS/IRS can be aligned in either the ALIGN or ATT mode
INS/IRS can only be aligned in NAV mode

A pilot accidently turning OFF the INS in flight, and then turns it back ON a few moments
later. Following this incident:
it can only be used for attitude reference
no useful information can be obtained from the INS
everything returns to normal and is usable
the INS is usable in NAV MODE after a position update

494. 1,857 061 06 03 00 Accuracy, reliability, errors and coverage
The azimuth gyro of an inertial unit has a drift of 0.01°/HR.

on
After a flight of 12 HR with a ground speed of 500 kt, the error on the aeroplane position
is approximately :
si
12 NM
r
ve
1 NM
6 NM
al
60 NM
tri
495. 1,862 061 06 03 00 Accuracy, reliability, errors and coverage
The drift of the azimuth gyro on an inertial unit induces an error in the position given by
ne
this unit. " t" being the elapsed time.

The total error is:
hi
proportional to t
ac
proportional to the square of time, t²

fM
proportional to t/2
sinusoîdal
pd
496. 9,456 061 06 04 00 Flight deck equipment and operation
With reference to an inertial navigation system (INS), the initial great circle track between
computer inserted waypoints will be displayed when the control display unit (CDU) is
selected to:
DSRTK/STS
HDG/DA
TK/GS
XTK/TKE
116. oldal
Gyrocompassing of an inertial reference system (IRS) is accomplished with the mode

selector switched to:
ALIGN
STBY
ATT/REF
ON
Which of the following correctly lists the order of available selections of the Mode
Selector switches of an inertial reference system (IRS) mode panel?
OFF - ALIGN - NAV - ATT
OFF - ON - ALIGN - NAV
OFF - STBY - ALIGN - NAV
OFF - ALIGN - ATT - NAV

ATT Mode of the Inertial Reference System (IRS) is a back-up mode providing:
on
only attitude and heading information

si
only attitude information

r
ve
navigation information
altitude, heading and position information

al

tri
Which of the following statements concerning the operation of an Inertial Navigation

System (INS)/Inertial Reference System (IRS) is correct?
ne
NAV mode must be selected prior to movement of the aircraft off the gate
hi
NAV mode must be selected on the runway just prior to take-off

ac
NAV mode must be selected prior to the loading of passengers and/or freight
NAV mode must be selected when the alignment procedure is commenced

fM
Which of the following statements concerning the aircraft positions indicated on a triple
pd
fit Inertial Navigation System (INS)/ Inertial Reference System (IRS) on the CDU is
correct?
The positions are likely to differ because they are calculated from different sources
The positions will be the same because they are an average of three different positions
The positions will only differ if one of the systems has been decoupled because of a detected
malfunction
The positions will only differ if an error has been made when inputting the present position at the
departure airport
117. oldal
Waypoints can be entered in an INS memory in different formats.

In which of the following formats can waypoints be entered into all INSs?
geographic coordinates
bearing and distance

hexadecimal
by waypoints name
An aircraft equipped with an Inertial Navigation System (INS) flies with INS 1 coupled with
autopilot 1. Both inertial navigation systems are navigating from way-point A to B. The
inertial systems' Central Display Units (CDU) sho shows:
- XTK on INS 1 = 0
- XTK on INS 2 = 8L
(XTK = cross track)
From this information it can be deduced that:
at least one of the inertial navigaton systems is drifting
only inertial navigation system No. 2 is drifting
on
only inertial navigation system No. 1 is drifting
the autopilot is unserviceable in NAV mode

r si
504. 1,850 061 06 05 00 INS operation

ve
An aircraft is flying with the aid of an inertial navigation system (INS) connected to the
autopilot. The following two points have been entered in the INS computer:
WPT 1: 60°N 030°W
al
WPT 2: 60°N 020°W

When 025°W is passed the latitude shown on the display unit of the inertial navigation
tri
system will be:

60°05.7'N
ne
60°00.0'N
hi
59°49.0'N
ac
60°11.0'N
fM
505. 1,869 061 06 05 00 INS operation
An aircraft travels from point A to point B, using the autopilot connected to the aircraft's
pd
inertial system. The coordinates of A (45°S 010°W) and B (45°S 030°W) have been entered.
The true course of the aircraft on its arrival at B, to the nearest degree, is:
277°
284°
263°
270°
118. oldal
506. 1,872 061 06 05 00 INS operation
As the INS position of the departure aerodrome, coordinates 35°32.7'N 139°46.3'W are
input instead of 35°32.7'N 139°46.3'E. When the aircraft subsequently passes point 52°N
180°W, the longitude value shown on the INS will be:
099° 32.6'W
099° 32.6'E
080° 27.4'E
080° 27.4'W
507. 9,458 061 06 05 00 INS operation
The following points are entered into an inertial navigation system (INS).
WPT 1: 60°N 30°W
WPT 2: 60°N 20°W
WPT 3: 60°N 10°W
The inertial navigation system is connected to the automatic pilot on route (1-2-3).
The track change when passing WPT 2 will be approximately:
a 9° decrease
zero
a 9° increase
on
a 4° decrease
si
r
508. 9,459 061 06 05 00 INS operation

ve
The automatic flight control system (AFCS) in an aircraft is coupled to the guidance
outputs from an inertial navigation system (INS) and the aircraft is flying from waypoint
No. 2 (60°00'S 070°00'W) to No. 3 (60°00'S 080°00'W).
al
Comparing the initial track (°T) at 070°00'W and the final track (°T) at 080°00'W, the
difference between them is that the initial track is approximately:
tri
9° less than the final one

ne
5° greater than the final one

9° greater than the final one
hi
5° less than the final one

ac
509. 9,460 061 06 05 00 INS operation

fM
The automatic flight control system is coupled to the guidance outputs from an inertial
navigation system.
pd
Which pair of latitudes will give the greatest difference between initial track read-out and
the average true course given, in each case, a difference of longitude of 10°?
60°N to 60°N
60°N to 50°N
30°S to 30°N
30°S to 25°S
119. oldal
510. 9,462 061 06 05 00 INS operation
The automatic flight control system (AFCS) in an aircraft is coupled to the guidance
outputs from an inertial navigation system (INS).
The aircraft is flying between inserted waypoints No. 3 (55°00'N 020°00'W) and No.4
(55°00'N 030°00'W).
With DSRTK/STS selected on the CDU, to the nearest whole degree, the initial track
read-out from waypoint No. 3 will be:
274°
278°
266°
270°
511. 9,885 061 06 05 00 INS operation
What is the source of magnetic variation information in a Flight Management System

(FMS)?
Magnetic variation information is stored in each IRS memory; it is applied to the true heading
calculated by the respective IRS
The main directional gyro which is coupled to the magnetic sensor (flux valve) positioned in the
wingtip
on
The FMS calculates MH and MT from the FMC position
si
Magnetic variation is calculated by each IRS based on the respective IRS position and the
aircraft magnetic heading
r
ve
512. 9,887 061 06 05 00 INS operation
Where and when are the IRS positions updated?

al
Only on the ground during the alignment procedure

tri
During flight IRS positions are automatically updated by the FMC

IRS positions are updated by pressing the 'Take-off/ Go-around' button at the start of the take-off
ne
roll
Updating is normally carried out by the crew when over-flying a known position (VOR station or
hi
NDB)
ac
513. 9,929 061 06 05 00 INS operation
Which of the following statements concerning the position indicated on the Inertial
fM
Reference System (IRS) display is correct?

It is not updated once the IRS mode is set to NAV
pd
It is constantly updated from information obtained by the FMC

It is updated when 'go-around' is selected on take-off
The positions from the two IRSs are compared to obtain a 'best position' which is displayed on
the IRS
120. oldal
514. 12,037 061 06 05 00 INS operation
The sensors of an INS measure:
acceleration
velocity
the horizontal component of the earth's rotation
precession
on
si
r
ve
al
tri
ne
hi
ac
fM
pd

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061 00 00 00 GENERAL NAVIGATION

1. 1,779 061 01 01 00 The solar system

February and November

March and September

June and December

April and August

4. 9,392 061 01 01 00 The solar system

5. 9,393 061 01 01 00 The solar system

Assuming mid-latitudes (40° to 50°N/S).

At which time of year is the relationship between the length

Winter solstice and autumn equinox

6. 9,394 061 01 01 00 The solar system

At what approximate date is the earth closest to the sun (perihelion)?

Seasons are due to the:

Earth's rotation on its polar axis

variable distance between Earth and Sun

10. 131 061 01 02 00 The earth

11. 132 061 01 02 00 The earth

Given: Waypoint 1. 60°S 030°W

value for the ellipticity of the Earth is 1/297.

Position A is located on the equator at longitude 130°00E.

The coordinates of position B are:

15. 1,061 061 01 02 00 The earth

In order to fly from position A (10°00'N, 030°00'W) to position B (30°00'N, 050°00'W),

the constant average drift route

a straight line plotted on a Lambert chart

The diameter of the Earth is approximately:

18. 1,066 061 01 02 00 The earth

60° North and South

90° North and South

0° North and South (equator)

19. 1,101 061 01 02 00 The earth

20. 1,106 061 01 02 00 The earth

22. 1,158 061 01 02 00 The earth

An aircraft passes position A (60°00'N 120°00'W) on route to position B (60°00'N

23. 1,159 061 01 02 00 The earth

24. 1,161 061 01 02 00 The earth

What is the longitude of a position 6 NM to the east of 58°42'N 094°00'W?

27. 3,562 061 01 02 00 The earth

The total distance travelled is?

28. 3,613 061 01 02 00 The earth

the shortest distance between two points on a Polyconic projection

a line convex to the nearest pole on a Mercator projection

29. 3,621 061 01 02 00 The earth

The circumference of the earth is approximately:

The circumference of the parallel of latitude at 60°N is approximately:

32. 11,998 061 01 02 00 The earth

The coordinates of the heliport at Issy les Moulineaux are:

The coordinates of the antipodes are :

33. 12,009 061 01 02 00 The earth

34. 12,011 061 01 02 00 The earth

The duration of civil twilight is the time:

agreed by the international aeronautical authorities which is 12 minutes

37. 2,304 061 01 03 00 Time and time conversions

(For this question use annex 061-2304A)

The UTC of sunrise on 6 December at WINNIPEG (Canada) (49°50'N 097°30'W) is:

38. 2,305 061 01 03 00 Time and time conversions

(For this question use annexes 061-2305A and 061-2305B)

39. 2,325 061 01 03 00 Time and time conversions