Student Name and

ID Number Mithra Ramprabu

Qualification
Pearson BTEC Higher National Diploma in Computing

Academic Year
2023-2024

Unit Number and Name

Unit 6: Planning a Computing Project

Unit Lecturer Ms. Lavanya Sreenivas

Assignment Title Challenges and Opportunities of Big Data 6 V’s in

Modern, large scale Applications

Type of Assignment
Business Report

Issue Date
05/02/2024

Summative Submission
Date
29/02/2024

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Table of Contents
PLANNING COMPUTING RESEARCH PROJECT................................................................................................
LO1 Conduct small-scale research, information gathering and data collection to generate
knowledge on an identified subject.............................................................................................................
Demonstrate qualitative and quantitative research methods to generate relevant primary data for
an identified theme...................................................................................................................................................
Qualitative Research:...........................................................................................................................................................
Quantitative Research:........................................................................................................................................................
The Difference:....................................................................................................................................................................
What is Big Data?.................................................................................................................................................................
LO2 Explore the features and business requirements of organisations in an identified sector....................................
Discuss the features and operational areas of a businesses in an identified sector................................................................
Businesses and Operational Areas of the Aerospace Industry....................................................................................
Types of Stakeholders and their role in the success of the company.....................................................................................
Analyse the challenges to the success of a business in an identified sector..........................................................................
An interpretation of the support of the aerospace industry in big data to the business sector
...........................................................................................................................................................................
Interpret findings to generate knowledge on how the research theme supports business
requirements in the identified sector.........................................................................................................................
LO3 Produce project plans based on research of the chosen theme for an identified organisation.............................
Produce comprehensive project plans that effectively consider aims, objectives and risks/benefits for
an identified organization....................................................................................................................................................
Project Aims and Objectives......................................................................................................................................
Devise comprehensive project plans for a chosen scenario, including a work and resource allocation
breakdown using appropriate tools......................................................................................................................................
Examination of secondary sources to collect relevant secondary data and information for an
identified theme........................................................................................................................................................
Survey and Analysis...................................................................................................................................................
Aviation Accident Analysis...................................................................................................................................................
Assess the extent to which the project recommendations meet the needs of the identified organisation,
including fully- supported rationales for planning decisions made.......................................................................................
Evaluation of Project Planning Recommendations............................................................................................
Legitimacy and accuracy of database:..................................................................................................................................
BIBLIOGRAPHY..........................................................................................................................................................
Works Cited......................................................................................................................................................

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PLANNING COMPUTING RESEARCH PROJECT

LO1 Conduct small-scale research, information gathering and data collection to

generate knowledge on an identified subject

Demonstrate qualitative and quantitative research methods to generate relevant primary data
for an identified theme.

Qualitative Research:

Qualitative research employs various methods such as interviews, focus groups, and
observation to gather data.
Interviews may be unstructured, involving open-ended questions where the interviewer adjusts
based on responses. Structured interviews follow a set of predetermined questions for
consistency across participants. They are typically conducted one-on-one and are suitable for
sensitive or in-depth topics.
Focus groups involve 8-12 participants and are useful for capturing group dynamics and
collective perspectives. Researchers can either participate in the group to share subject
experiences or observe from a detached standpoint.

Qualitative research is essential in the data collection and examination process, going hand-in-
hand with the quantitative research process. It aids in hypothesis formulation, refining data
analysis, and fills in the gaps left by quantitative analysis, such as public opinions and social
behaviors.

In order to cultivate a good Qualitative study, clearly defined goals, a specified target
population, meticulous data collection methods, and comprehensive data analysis strategies
are essential. It involves striking a balance culmination of information and a comprehensive
understanding of its contents to ensure a thorough understanding of the research topic.

Scenario
For example, if a researcher would like to decrease the usage of smoking devices among teens,
he would begin initially with a qualitative approach, asking a select group of teenagers whether
or not they smoke and understand why they do so in both a structured and unstructured
interviewing format. The researcher could also conduct a focus group of current teenaged
smoker, and discuss their reasoning for smoking and why they started to do so.
In this example, the researcher has used qualitative research methods (interviews and focus
groups) to generate a list of ideas of both why teens start to smoke as well as factors that may
have prevented them from starting to smoke.

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By compiling the data, the researcher finds that peer pressure, health issues, cost, being
considered “cool,” and rebellious behavior all might increase or decrease the likelihood of teens
starting to smoke.
Quantitative Research:

Quantitative research aids the detective aka social scientists in understanding how people
behave. It's all about numbers and measurements, helping researchers observe and study different
aspects of society. By collecting data through surveys, observations, or experiments, researchers
can analyze patterns and relationships in the data to learn more about a specific group of people,
called a sample population.

This approach is essential for making informed decisions and creating policies that affect society.
By gathering data and analyzing it in a systematic and proof-based manner, researchers can draw
reliable conclusions and make predictions about larger groups of people. For example,
quantitative research might reveal trends in how people spend their money, how they interact
with technology, or how they respond to certain situations.

Returning to our scenario, the researcher uses both qualitative and quantitative research
methods to understand teen smoking behavior and peer pressure dynamics.

Qualitative methods, like interviews and focus groups, help uncover where and how teenage
smoking is prevalent. By interacting with the teenagers and observing their behavior in local
hangouts, the researcher gains a deeper understanding of the complex social context and public
opinion surrounding smoking.

Quantitative research complements this by providing numerical data on smoking prevalence in

different areas of the park. This data helps identify patterns and trends in teen smoking behavior.

Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative findings, the researcher advocates for
changes in the community, such as improving park safety and enforcing age restrictions on
cigarette sales.

The Difference:

Quantitative research focuses on gathering numerical data and analyzing it statistically to

identify patterns, relationships, and trends. It seeks to quantify phenomena and answer research
questions using measurable data. This approach often involves surveys, experiments, or
structured observations with predetermined variables and measures.

Qualitative research, on the other hand, aims to understand complex phenomena by exploring the
meanings, perspectives, and experiences of individuals or groups. It involves collecting non-
numeric data such as words, images, or observations and analyzing them to uncover themes,
patterns, and insights. Qualitative methods include interviews, focus groups, and participant
observation, allowing researchers to gain a deeper understanding of social processes, behaviors,
and contexts.

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How is this research work presented? Project management is an essential skill in the handbook of
every researcher. It allows for the findings to be presented in an understandable and analytical
manner.

To do so, one must utilize SMART. SMART is an acronym that stands for Specific,
Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. It is a framework used to create clear
and achievable goals or objectives. Each letter represents a separate component of project
management.

- Specific: Goals should be clear and well-defined, avoiding ambiguity or confusion.

- Measurable: Goals should include criteria for measuring progress or success.

- Achievable: Goals should be realistic and attainable within the resources and constraints
available.

- Relevant: Goals should align with broader objectives and contribute to overall organizational or
personal priorities.

- Time-bound: Goals should have a specific timeframe or deadline for completion.

This ensures that the project and its goals are achievable , consistent , readily understandable ,
few in number and fully supported.

What is Big Data?

Ultimately, Big Data is like fitting an elephant in the cupboard.

The official definition entails an extensive volume of information that surpasses the capacity for
storage and processing through conventional computing methods within a specified time
frame.

But this does not explain the term entirely. What makes data Big Data? Its not just vague terms
like TB and PB, it is entirely relative. Back in the 80s, 10 GB would have kept those computers
working for days. Today, it takes 10 TB to keep the modern computers at work for just minutes.

Even the 100 MB file in your spam mail, or the games for 1 TB on your console are examples of
Big Data.

Big Data comprises of 6 Vs:

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1. Volume: Refers to the sheer size of data, ranging from gigabytes to petabytes, like a global e-
commerce platform handling massive amounts of data daily. Managing colossal amounts of data
requires advanced infrastructure and analytics tools. Walmart exemplifies this with its Data Café
program, where insights are gleaned from vast data sets in real-time. This highlights the
importance of processing capacity and continuous adaptation as data collection expands.

2. Velocity: Data flows in rapidly from various sources like social media and mobile phones,
exemplified by Google's billions of daily searches and Facebook's growing user base. By
processing data swiftly, organizations can respond promptly to changing conditions and
capitalize on emerging opportunities.

3. Variety: Data comes in different forms — structured, semi-structured, unstructured —

embracing the diverse nature of information, such as patient records in healthcare. The variety
of data sources poses challenges in processing and categorizing information effectively. For
instance, enriching a charity's donor database with Mentality segmentation improved targeted
fundraising. Similarly, media companies utilize social interest data to identify potential
customers and tailor offers. The example of Trump's campaign illustrates how data variety
enables personalized messaging, emphasizing the significance of leveraging diverse data types
for predictive analytics.

4. Veracity: Deals with the reliability and accuracy of data, challenging due to inconsistencies
and uncertainties, like in weather forecasting systems. By critically assessing data quality and
origin, organizations can mitigate the risk of misinformation and enhance data integrity.
Veracity acts as a hygiene factor, requiring meticulous attention to data accuracy and
consistency to derive meaningful insights.

5. Value: The ultimate goal is to derive meaningful insights from data, enhancing decision-
making and improving outcomes, as seen in personalized recommendations by retail giants.
Extracting value from data involves enriching databases to make informed decisions. For
instance, a Dutch retailer used postal code enrichment to identify optimal store locations based
on customer demographics.
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6. Variability: Data constantly changes in meaning and form, requiring continuous adaptation
for relevance, such as shifting viewer choices in streaming services. The variability of data
structures and meanings influences outcomes and decision-making. For instance, altering
subscription options affects customer choices, highlighting the importance of data presentation
and design.

Despite the big words, Big Data in essence is simply the cultivation of statistics and meaningful
values and opinions in a structured or unstructured form and categorizing them in order to gain
insights into the topic and attain accurate conclusions that help us in achieving our goals.

LO2 Explore the features and business requirements of organisations in an

identified sector

Discuss the features and operational areas of a businesses in an identified sector.

Businesses and Operational Areas of the Aerospace Industry

The aerospace industry encompasses businesses involved in aircraft, spacecraft, and related
technologies. Key features and operational areas include:

1. Research and Development (R&D):

- Focused on innovation in aircraft design, propulsion, materials, and safety features.
- Aims to enhance performance, efficiency, and sustainability of aerospace vehicles.

2. Manufacturing and Production:

- Large-scale facilities produce aircraft, spacecraft, engines, and components.
- Precision engineering and quality control ensure compliance with industry standards.

3. Supply Chain Management:

- Complex networks source components and materials from various suppliers.
- Crucial for timely delivery and cost efficiency in production processes.

4. Regulatory Compliance:
- Adherence to safety, security, and environmental regulations set by aviation authorities.
- Compliance ensures safe and sustainable operations.

5. Testing and Certification:

- Rigorous testing verifies performance, reliability, and safety of aerospace products.
- Facilities include wind tunnels and flight simulators for comprehensive assessments.

6. Operations and Maintenance:

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 - Manage fleets of aircraft and spacecraft with maintenance, repair, and overhaul services.
- Strict adherence to maintenance schedules and procedures for safety and longevity.

7. Space Exploration and Satellite Services:

- Involvement in space exploration missions, satellite launches, and services like
telecommunications.
- Collaboration with space agencies and commercial partners for research and applications.

8. Aerospace Defense and Security:

- Supply of military aircraft, defense systems, and technologies for national security.
- Participation in defense contracts and research for military-grade advancements.

The aerospace industry is characterized by advanced technology, global collaboration, and a

strong emphasis on safety and innovation. Businesses contribute to economic growth,
technological advancement, and scientific discovery across sectors such as commercial aviation,
defense, and space exploration.

Types of Stakeholders and their role in the success of the company

There are multiple types of stakeholders. They are third-party personnel vested in the project
developed by the company and have the power to either affect or be affected by the
happenings of the company.

Internal Stakeholders:

Internal stakeholders are the people inside a company who feel the effects of decisions directly.
They're like team players who also help decide how things should work.

1. Employees: These are the workers who keep the company running. They care about the
company doing well because it means job security and sometimes even their safety.

2. Shareholders: These are the investors. They want to see their investment grow, but now
many understand that it's not just about profits; it's about everyone benefiting.

3. Managers: These are the ones who oversee different parts of the company. They focus on
getting things done right in their areas and need support to do it well.

4. Board of Directors: These are the top decision-makers. They want the company to make
money and keep investors happy. So, they're all about making sure things run smoothly and
profitably.

External Stakeholders:

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External stakeholders are individuals and entities outside the company who have an interest in
its performance. While they may not be directly involved in day-to-day operations, their
support and expectations influence the company's actions.

1. Customers: These are the purchasers of the company's products or services. They seek high-
quality offerings and often value corporate social responsibility, including environmental
sustainability.

2. Suppliers: These are the entities providing materials or services to the company. They benefit
from the company's success through increased demand for their own goods or services.

3. Governments and Regulatory Bodies: These entities establish and enforce laws and
regulations governing business operations. They expect compliance with legal requirements,
responsible financial practices, and contribution to economic growth through job creation.

4. Communities: Local communities where the company operates view it as a source of

employment, goods, and services. They also concern themselves with the company's
environmental impact and its involvement in community initiatives.

Additionally, external stakeholders may include product testers, creditors, vendors,

competitors, and labour unions. Though not directly part of the company, their actions and
expectations influence its operations and success.

Stakeholders are the make-or-break factor of the company.

Engaged stakeholders are super important in project management. If you don't know who they
are or what they care about, they might throw a wrench in your plans and say that you can't
make any changes without dealing with their concerns first.
Plus, some stakeholders can be tough nuts to crack and resist your project and its results. If you
don't identify and work with them, it could lead to trouble.

The outcome? Projects getting delayed, spending more money than planned, losing faith in the
plan, and maybe even facing consequences for not following rules. That's why stakeholder
engagement is a big deal. It's about talking and listening to stakeholders, while also trying to
persuade them to see things your way.

Having engaged stakeholders is closely tied to project success. If there are people against your
project, part of engaging them is trying to change their minds by showing them how beneficial
the project can be.

Stakeholders play a big role in setting business goals and making plans to reach them. They also
keep an eye on how things are going and look for better ways to do stuff. And they make sure
employees are doing what they should to help the business grow.

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When stakeholders are involved throughout the project, it helps keep communication clear,
makes project management better, gets more people on board with the project, deals with
resistance to change, and helps the project adapt quickly.

Analyse the challenges to the success of a business in an identified sector.

1. Cost Challenges: Developing aerospace tech and aircraft is super expensive. It takes a lot of
cash for research, building, testing, and following strict safety rules. This can strain a company's
finances.

2. Regulatory Hurdles: Aerospace companies need to follow tons of rules set by government
agencies like the FAA. If they mess up, it can mean costly delays, fines, grounding their planes
or worst case scenario, an accident.

3. Tech Complexity: Tech is always changing, and staying ahead means spending big on
research. Plus, integrating new tech into existing systems without compromising safety is
tough.

4. Supply Chain Headaches: Aerospace manufacturing relies on a global network of suppliers.

Any delays or mess-ups in the supply chain can slow down production and drive-up costs.

5. Safety and Security: Safety is a huge deal in aerospace. Any accidents can be disastrous. So,
companies need to test rigorously, maintain their gear, and watch out for cybersecurity threats.

6. Green Pressures: The industry faces heat for its environmental impact. People want less
pollution and noise. So, companies need to come up with eco-friendly solutions that still
perform well.

7. Tough Competition: Everyone wants a piece of the aerospace pie. Big players and up-and-
comers are always fighting for customers. Staying ahead means being innovative and forming
smart partnerships.

8. Global Politics: Political changes and trade disputes can throw a wrench into aerospace
businesses' plans. Tariffs, sanctions, or new rules can mess with supply chains and markets.

9. Long Wait Times: Building aerospace stuff takes ages. Economic shifts or changes in demand
during these long cycles can hurt profits.

10. Finding Talent: Getting and keeping skilled workers in aerospace is crucial. But there's a lot
of competition, so companies need to offer good pay, perks, and chances for career growth.

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Being a business in the aerospace industry is no walk in the park, but it can be extremely
rewarding, as it actively helps mankind expand our universe and discover greater things and
places then imaginable.
An interpretation of the support of the aerospace industry in big data to the
business sector

There are various methods in which big data, in particular the aerospace and aviation industry,
can contribute and support business requirements.

In aviation, the integration of big data technologies into operations management and
optimization , flight planning, and maintenance scheduling allows airlines to enhance their
processes and improve efficiency. By analysing vast amounts of data related to flight routes,
weather patterns, passenger preferences, and aircraft performance, airlines can make data-
driven decisions to enhance operational performance and customer satisfaction. For example,
predictive maintenance models powered by big data analytics can help airlines anticipate
mechanical issues and schedule maintenance proactively, reducing downtime and minimising
disruptions to flight schedules. It can also contribute to the sustainability of air-travel.
Observing the growth of the worlds’ population, it is apparent that the need for a greater usage
of flights will only increase in the future. With the vast knowledge accumulated by big data and
ML, models can successfully predict and innovate a newer and more eco-friendly fuel source,
provided that the growth of development of big data is accelerated.

Similarly, in the aerospace sector, big data plays a crucial role in the development and testing of
spacecraft, satellites, and rockets. By leveraging data generated from satellite constellations
and employing advanced algorithms like Distributed Reinforcement Learning (RL), Digital Twin
Technology (DTT) and Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), businesses can enhance the performance
and reliability of their systems. This supports the industry's requirement for robust
communication and control systems in space missions.

Furthermore, the integration of big data analytics in rocket technology enables businesses to
achieve higher accuracy rates in tasks such as RF binary classification (RF binary classification is
a machine learning technique utilising Random Forest algorithms to categorise data into two
classes or categories based on predetermined features.) and lunar landing predictions. This will
ensure improved safety and reliability for space missions, aligning with the industry's demand
for robust and dependable rocket systems, thereby also contributing vastly to expenditure
gains as the models are more likely to not fail, and thereby result in loss.

Additionally, the application of big data in space robotics presents opportunities for businesses
to enhance efficiency and productivity in spacecraft maintenance and planetary exploration. By
analysing large datasets, robots can autonomously identify maintenance needs and assist
human astronauts in complex tasks, ultimately reducing operational costs and increasing
mission success rates.

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Here are a few examples on the contribution of the aerospace industry and their usage of big
data to the business sector:

1. NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS): NASA's EOS program collects vast amounts of Earth
observation data from satellites such as Landsat and Aqua. By making this data freely available
to the public through platforms like the Earth Observing System Data and Information System
(EOSDIS), NASA enables businesses, researchers, and stakeholders to access valuable
information for applications like agriculture, forestry, urban planning, and disaster response
without the need for costly data expenditure.

2. ESA's (European Space Agency) Copernicus Program: ESA's Copernicus program, dealt in
partnership with the European Commission, operates a network of satellites known as the
Sentinel Missions. These satellites provide data based on the Earth's environment, climate, and
security, which can be used for various commercial applications. By leveraging the data
founded by the Copernicus program, businesses can monitor environmental changes, optimise
resource management, and develop innovative solutions in industries such as agriculture,
forestry, energy, and transportation.

3. SpaceX's Starlink: SpaceX's Starlink project aims to deploy a constellation of thousands of

satellites to provide global broadband internet coverage. The massive amount of data
generated by the Starlink satellites include telemetry, communications, and positioning data,
which can be analysed to optimise satellite operations, enhance network performance, and
minimise costs. By leveraging big data analytics, SpaceX can improve the reliability and
efficiency of its satellite constellation, ultimately reducing operational expenses and offering
competitive internet services to customers worldwide.

4. Spaceborne Computer Systems: NASA's collaboration with companies like Hewlett Packard
Enterprise (HPE) to develop spaceborne computer systems demonstrating how big data
analytics can streamline operations and reduce costs in space missions. By deploying high-
performance computing (HPC) systems on spacecrafts, NASA can process and analyse large
volumes of data onboard aircrafts, reducing the need to transmit data back to Earth for
analysis. This approach minimises bandwidth usage, accelerates decision-making, and lowers
mission costs associated with data transmission and ground-based processing.

Overall, the research theme of big data in the aerospace and aviation industries supports
various business requirements, including the need for efficient operations management,
enhanced safety performance, and improved reliability in spacecraft and aircraft systems.
Embracing these technological advancements allows businesses in both sectors to stay
competitive, innovate, and meet the evolving demands of the aerospace and aviation
industries.

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The Fruit of the Tree of Big Data

Due to the sheer amount of data contained in the DataFrame (It is not considered ‘Big Data’ for
no reason); I shall have to provide a link to my dataset, which has been made public by the
NTSB aviation association.

“The NTSB aviation accident database contains information from 1962 and later about civil
aviation accidents and selected incidents within the United States, its territories and
possessions, and in international waters.”

https://www.ntsb.gov/_layouts/ntsb.aviation/index.aspx

Please utilise the above link to follow along with the analysis
and data processing and visualising I have provided below. Beware
that I did modify the aspects of the database to include only
88,889 rows and 31 columns in order to simplify the data for my
usage.

Below I have used my knowledge in Machine Learning and Python to

interpret the data and
numerical statistics to the best of my abilities.

I acknowledge the sheer quantity of technical procedure, but I felt it necessary to pay this vast
dataset and its acute documentation of incidents and the circumstances its due.

Analysis of data and information from primary and secondary sources to generate
knowledge on an identified theme.
To start, I have created a data frame consisting of our elaborate dataset, and filled in empty
values in order to complete it and arrive at an accurate conclusion. To do so, I have used KNN
Classification methods and visual graphical libraries.

Below are the graphs I have visualized purely on the survey and the statistical data culminated by
the NTSB.

The first set of graphs (With the blue bars) are indicative of the correlation between each model
of aircraft and the number of accidents that have occurred over the course of the survey. It is
organized systematically by the make of the aircraft.

Further the last graph within this set is indicative of the dependency between the number of
accidents and its relationship with the weather conditions during that time.
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Lastly , the multi-colored graphs correspond to the make of the aircraft, and the range of injuries
caused.
Interpret findings to generate knowledge on how the research theme supports
business requirements in the identified sector.

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LO3 Produce project plans based on research of the chosen theme for an identified
organisation

Produce comprehensive project plans that effectively consider aims, objectives and
risks/benefits for an identified organization.

Project Aims and Objectives

Our project in the aerospace industry is driven by a set of bold objectives designed to propel us
to the forefront of innovation and success.

First and foremost, we're driven on Maximizing Profit. But this isn't just about money-making;
it's a strategic pursuit to optimize revenue streams, slash unnecessary costs, and ensure the long-

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term sustainability of our endeavors. It would improve the quality of our projects as well allow
for a better flow of cash to the right avenues.

In our pursuit of excellence, we're harnessing the power of Advanced Tech. Picture this:
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning working hand in hand to revolutionize our
operations. From automating mundane and repetitive tasks to uncovering invaluable insights
from data to predict all future trends, these mind-blowing technologies are our secret weapons in
staying ahead of the competition and driving innovation in the industry.

But our ambitions don't stop there. We're also committed to driving Positive Change within our
organization. From streamlining processes to enhancing customer and employee satisfaction and
fostering a culture of continuous improvement; maintaining our clients, creating long-term
employees and creating a mark on all the organizations we encounter. We're on a mission to
create a workplace where excellence thrives and innovation flourishes.

Acknowledging the importance of Boosting Competition in the market, (Kunstler et al., 2016;
Caffarra and Kühn, 2018) the organization is integrating advancing and trending technologies
and placing a foot in the threshold of the Social Media world, while leaning majorly toward
sustainable energy alternatives.

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By providing better health insurance and more remote working options, we plan to Improve
Productivity among the workforce, while ensuring utmost satisfaction in order to retain our
employees. (Buckley et al., 2015).

Task Start End Duration (Days)

[1.1]Project 2 January 2024 7 January 2024 5
Identification:
Identifying the need
for a new aerospace
project or
improvement
initiative.

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[1.2 ] Stakeholder 8 Jan 2024 10 Jan 2024 2
Analysis: Identifying
and analyzing key
stakeholders
involved in the
project.
[1.3] Project Charter 11 Jan 2024 14 Jan 2024 3
Development:
Creating a project
charter outlining
project objectives,
scope, and initial
requirements.
[2.1] Scope 15 Jan 2024 19 Jan 2024 4
Definition: Defining
the boundaries and
objectives of the
project.
[2.2] Work 20 Jan 2024 23 Jan 2024 3
Breakdown Structure
(WBS): Breaking
down the project
into manageable
tasks and
deliverables.
[2.3] Schedule 25 Jan 2024 26 Jan 2024 1
Development:
Creating a project
schedule with
timelines and
milestones.
[2.4]Resource 27 Jan 2024 30 Jan 2024 3
Planning: Identifying
and allocating
resources required
for project execution.
[2.5] Risk 31 Jan 2024 4 Feb 2023 4
Management:
Identifying potential
risks and developing
mitigation strategies.
[2.6] Budgeting: 5 Feb 2024 8 Feb 2024 3
Estimating project

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costs and creating a
budget plan.
[3.1] Task Execution: 9 Feb Jan 2024 14 Feb 2024 5
Carrying out the
planned tasks and
activities according
to the project
schedule.
[3.2] Team 15 Feb 2024 20 Feb 2024 5
Management:
Leading and
coordinating project
team members to
ensure task
completion.
[3.3] Procurement: 21 Feb 2024 25 Feb 2024 4
Procuring necessary
materials,
equipment, and
services as per
project
requirements,
arrange accordingly
with business
partners and
suppliers.
[3.4] Quality 25 Feb 2024 28 Feb 2024 3
Assurance:
Implementing quality
control measures to
ensure deliverables
meet specified
standards. Involve
IOT to ensure risk
assesment and
suggestions for
further development
[3.5] Communication: 29 Feb 2024 3 March 2024 3
Facilitating
communication
among project
stakeholders to
ensure alignment

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and address issues.
[4.1] Progress 4 March 2024 6 March 2024 2
Tracking: Monitoring
project progress
against the
established schedule
and milestones.
[4.2] Performance 7 March 2024 8 March 2024 1
Measurement:
Assessing team
performance and
project outcomes.
[4.3] Risk Monitoring: 9 March 2024 11 March 2024 2
Continuously
evaluating and
managing project
risks throughout the
project lifecycle.
[4.4] Quality Control: 12 March 2024 15 March 2024 3
Conducting regular
inspections and
audits to maintain
product quality.
[4.5] Stakeholder 16 March 2024 18 March 2024 2
Engagement:
Keeping stakeholders
informed about
project progress and
addressing concerns.
[5.1] Deliverable 19 March 2024 20 March 2024 1
Acceptance:
Obtaining formal
acceptance of project
deliverables from
stakeholders.
[5.2] Procurement 21 March 2024 26 March 2024 5
Closure: Completing
procurement
activities, settling
contracts, and
ensuring vendor
deliverables meet
expectations.

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 [5.3] Financial 27 March 2024 29 March 2024 2
Closure: Finalizing
project finances,
including budget
reconciliation, and
closing financial
accounts.
[5.4] Lessons 30 March 2024 4 April 2024 5
Learned:
Documenting project
successes,
challenges, and
lessons learned for
future reference.
[5.5] Project Closure 5 April 2024 8 April 2024 3
Report: Compiling
project
documentation and
creating a final
project report to
summarize outcomes
and
recommendations.

Gantt Chart :

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Gantt Chart :

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Devise comprehensive project plans for a chosen scenario, including a work and resource
allocation breakdown using appropriate tools.

Resource Management

Project Name: Aerospace Industry Enterprises

1. Cost:
- Estimated Budget: $100,000 - $135,000 (Approximate)
- Average Minimum Value Product: $38,000 - $80,000
- Prototype Implementation Phase: $25,000

2. Scope:
- Improve productivity and strategic implementation within the organization.
- Enhance communication among stakeholders and various departments.

3. Time:
- Project Duration: 180 - 250 days

4. Quality Communication:
- Improve communication with stakeholders, managers, and among departments.
- Establish effective communication channels and protocols.
- Regular meetings, status updates, and progress reports.

5. Risks:
- Implementation of algorithms: High-quality algorithms require multiple rounds of testing and
refinement.
- Database issues: External database dependencies may pose challenges.
- Mitigation strategies: Regular testing, stakeholder involvement, and contingency plans for
database failures.

6. Resources:
- Project Database: Utilize existing aerospace company databases for relevant data storage and
retrieval.
- Software: Employ appropriate software tools for project management, data analysis, and
communication.

Project Deliverables:
1. Minimum Value Product (MVP) Implementation
2. Prototype Implementation
3. Improved Productivity Metrics
4. Enhanced Strategic Implementation Framework
31
5. Communication Plan Documentation
6. Risk Management Plan
7. Resource Allocation Strategy

Project Phases:
1. Planning Phase: Define project objectives, scope, budget, and timeline. Identify stakeholders,
risks, and resources.
2. Implementation Phase: Execute MVP and prototype implementations. Monitor progress and
address any issues.
3. Evaluation Phase: Assess project outcomes against predefined metrics. Gather feedback from
stakeholders and identify areas for improvement.
4. Optimization Phase: Fine-tune algorithms, databases, and communication channels based on
evaluation results. Implement changes to enhance productivity and strategic implementation.

Key Stakeholders:
1. Project Managers
2. Engineers
3. Department Heads
4. Stakeholders from Manufacturing, Project Guidance, and Labor teams
5. Database Administrators
6. Software Developers

Communication Plan:
- Weekly progress meetings with stakeholders.
- Monthly status reports circulated among team members.
- Dedicated communication channels (e.g., email, project management software) for sharing
updates and addressing issues.
- Bi-weekly updates to senior management on project milestones and risks.

Risk Management:
- Regular risk assessment sessions to identify and mitigate potential issues.
- Contingency plans for critical risks, such as database failures or algorithm implementation
challenges.
- Transparent communication with stakeholders about identified risks and mitigation strategies.

Examination of secondary sources to collect relevant secondary data and information

for an identified theme.

Survey and Analysis

Further, I would like to share my accounts and analysis of raw data I have gathered regarding
Aviation accidents that have taken place since the 1960’s in a variety of different aeroplanes,
countries , and varying weather conditions.

32
Aviation Accident Analysis
Introduction
For this project, I've collected a dataset on aviation accidents to dig into what factors contribute
to these incidents. The dataset covers details such as the aircraft make and model, weather
conditions, and where the accidents occurred.

Dataset Overview
Aircraft Make and Model: Information about the specific make and model of the aircraft
involved in each incident.

Weather Conditions: Details on the prevailing weather conditions at the time of the accidents.

Country: The country where the aviation accident took place.

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

Aircraft Make and Model Analysis
To kick things off, I'll explore how accidents are spread out across different aircraft makes and
models. This analysis could reveal patterns or connections between certain types of aircraft and
how often accidents happen with them.

Weather Conditions Analysis

Understanding the impact of weather conditions on aviation accidents is critical. During the
EDA phase, I'll dive into the distribution of accidents under various weather conditions, spot
trends, and grasp how weather plays a role in these incidents.

Approach
I'll utilize clustering algorithms like KMeans to group similar incidents based on multiple factors.
This might uncover clusters with shared characteristics, aiding in the categorization of
accidents.

Insights and Recommendations

The main objective is to draw actionable insights from the clusters formed. This can lead to a
better understanding, prevention, and management of aviation accidents.

Conclusion
By blending exploratory data analysis and clustering techniques, I aim to unearth hidden
patterns within the dataset. This will provide a comprehensive understanding of aviation
accidents and their contributing factors.

33
Assess the extent to which the project recommendations meet the needs of the identified
organisation, including fully- supported rationales for planning decisions made.

Date Discussion Target Met?

Week 1 (2 Jan - 9 Jan 2024 ) Group discussion regarding Yes, Better deals struck with
cost revenue and optimization clients and investors, and
of cash flow. Pay cuts and increase of profit shares on
Job enlargement are under national stock market are
review. proof.

Week 2 (10 Jan – 17 Jan Survey and review of work Yes, pay rise and paid leave
2024) ethic and happiness rating have been authorized
related with the upcoming successfully, while workplace
national census. conduct has been supervised.

Week 3 (18 Jan – 25 Jan Board meeting related with Yes, IOT products have been
2024) the inculcation of advanced introduced in factories and
technological trends to handle equipment, ML and AI
project effectively and with professional hired to
reduced risk. supervise.

Week 4 (25 Jan 2024 – 1 Feb Staff training initiated in Yes, productivity in
2024) order to upkeep consistency workplace has increased by
in workflow, productivity and 22% and work has been
time-management skills. delivered in a timely and
efficient manner.

Week 5 (2 Feb 2024 – 9 Feb Month end report closure Yes , unanimous decision to
2024) discussed, improvements and maintain current workflow,
recommendations shared by and streamline project
department heads. allocation for further
endeavours.

Week 6 (10 Feb 2024 – 17 Discussion and analysis of Yes , meetings conducted
Feb 2024 fuel emission in past decade, with sustainable energy
and alternatives for companies, and projects
sustainable plans in the underway for harvesting wind
future. energy through turbines in
Alaskan landscape.

34
Week 7 ( 18 Feb 2024– 25 Quality assurance has been Yes, considerable decrease of
Feb 2024) examined by on-site leaders minor injuries in the
in efforts to reduce common workplace, as well as
risks and frequent reports communication from
have been communicated to satisfied stakeholders.
stakeholders.

Week 8 ( 26 Feb 2024 - 4 Checking of productivity Yes, mechanisms have

March 2024) increment through recent generated weekly
automation implementation. performance reviews and
have contributed to greater
efficiency.
Developed a roadmap for the Yes , Drafted a project plan
Week 9 ( 5 March 2024– 12
research and development of outlining research objectives,
March 2024)
next-generation aerospace resource requirements, and
propulsion systems. milestone deliverables for
Established a the propulsion R&D initiative.
multidisciplinary team
comprising engineers,
researchers, and external
partners to drive innovation.

Week 10 ( 13 March 2024 – Began experimental testing of

Yes , Obtained preliminary
20 March 2024) novel propulsion concepts to
data on thrust performance,
validate their feasibility and
performance characteristics efficiency, and environmental
through building prototype impact of experimental
propulsion systems and propulsion systems.
conducted bench-scale testing
in laboratory environments.

Week 11 ( 21 March 2024 - Involving in procurement Written acknowledgement

28 March 2024) closure and financial closure from all third-party providers,
by settling contracts, ensuring and successful documentation
vendor deliverables meet of processes, with extensive
expectations, finalizing history of procedures through
project finances, budget IOT based machinery.
reconciliation, and closing
financial accounts.
Finalized the evaluation of Compiled a final report
Week 12 ( 29 March 2024 – 5
experimental propulsion summarizing findings,
April 2024)
35
 systems and determine their recommendations, and next
readiness for further steps for the advancement of
development or integration. promising propulsion
Conducted a comprehensive technologies. Received
review of test results and formal and written consent
consulted with stakeholders of all stakeholders and
to assess the viability of each suppliers for commencement
propulsion concept. Finalized of sustainability project to
establishment of all begin on 24 October 2024.
sustainable energy projects.

Concluded the current phase Obtained approval to

Week 13 ( 6 April 2024 - 8
of research and development proceed with selected
April 2024)
on aerospace propulsion propulsion technologies for
systems and transition to pilot implementation or to
implementation or further allocate resources for
study. continued research and
Presented the final report to development. Begun
executive leadership and recruitment process for
discussed implications for sustainability project and
future strategic initiatives conducted meetings with
and investment decisions. executives and stakeholders
regarding future, resources
and revenue of project

Evaluation of Project Planning Recommendations

When preparing the project plan for the integration of big data in the aerospace and aviation
industry, priorities should involve strategic alignment, established advanced analytics
capabilities, close collaboration, regulations compliance, and regular assessments.

First, the projects need to align with the strategic plans of aviation stakeholders which in turn, are
expected to focus on concerns like safety enhancement, optimising operations and improving
service. This calls for in-depth assessment of the sectoral trends, issues and the current
opportunities to adequately align the venture to be in line to meet specific needs.

Secondly, along with investing in advanced analytics, is a key factor in extracting useful aviation
data. These involve using technologies such as machine learning and predictive analytics to
support make the process of decision making easier and enhance operations efficiency. Data

36
infrastructure that is robust and can efficiently store, process, and analyse data volumes as
required in real-time is also a crucial step.

Similarly, it goes without saying that the aviation industry has to work in close collaboration
with aviation stakeholders, technology and regulatory agencies to achieve the same goals. This
collaborative approach enables knowledge sharing, quickest innovation, and facilitates the
industry standardisation widely.

Complying with regulations is as well important to avoid misuse of aviation data and build trust
at the stakeholders' end. This consists of setting up a reliable data governance scheme,
application of data anonymization techniques, compliance with industry specific standards and
rules.

Moreover, infrastructure required for constant evaluation and betterment will ensure that big data
programmes' effectiveness is monitored in the long run. These include assessing such key
performance indicators as satisfaction rate, level of feedback from stakeholders and updating
strategies based on what was learned and current industry trends.

Through the application of these project planning guidelines, the aerospace and aviation business
will be in a great position to exploit the big data trend and utilise it to promote new ideas,
enhance operational efficiency, and achieve the organisational objectives in a fast-changing
industrial environment.

Legitimacy and accuracy of database:

“The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is an independent agency of the U.S.

government tasked with investigating civil transportation accidents and incidents. Its jurisdiction

covers various modes of transportation, including aviation, highways, marine, pipelines, bridges,

and railroads. Additionally, the NTSB investigates hazardous materials releases during

transportation. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the agency has regional offices in

Anchorage, Alaska; Denver, Colorado; Ashburn, Virginia; and Seattle, Washington.

Furthermore, it runs a national training center at its Ashburn facility.”

“National Transportation Safety Board | USAGov.” Www.usa.gov,

www.usa.gov/agencies/national-transportation-safety-board.

The data from the NTSB (National Transportation Safety Board) and NASA, ESA (European

37
Space Agency) as well as the SpaceX and other private companies are taken into consideration
which largely improves both accuracy and reliability of the research on big data in the aerospace
and aviation sector.

The NTSB's status being that of an independent U.S. government agency means that their
investigations into transportation accidents are looked up to more than that of another
organisation. The air-tight protocols and investigative aptitude in the process of scrutiny assures
the validity of the findings. Furthermore, thorough reports published by the NTSB present the
underlying data with considerable details of accidents' causation and contributory factors, which
translates into trustworthiness of the data sources.

Both NASA and ESA bring in quality data remains an imperative from their Earth observation
programs. NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) as well as ESA's Copernicus mission collect
millions of images per day on the environment, climates and also some natural terrains. When it
comes to data collection and analyses, these agencies base their decisions on science. They
adhere to rigorous standards to detect any errors and thus make certain that the information that
is provided is accurate and reliable. Additionally, the submissions of NASA and ESA data for
research and industry purposes are reliable sources of information.

Along with the data agencies, private companies like SpaceX, through their expertise and
experience, provide insights into this field. Similarly, for SpaceX, the construction and operation
of the Starlink satellite system also entails the generation of a massive amount data on the
operations and communications aspects of the project. Through the amalgamation of the data
collected by SpaceX with that of the government agencies, scientists get a holistic perspective
regarding the issues and innovations in the aerospace business.

My analysis and the conclusions drawn from them are solely dependent on this database,
authorised by the U.S. Government. This will aid the aerospace industry majorly, by allowing a
keen understanding of the occurrence of accidents, their causes, and the circumstances they
occur in. By minimising risks and identifying underlying discrepancies, the industry can be
revolutionised and develop in accordance with all major technical trends, thereby improving
efficiency and ease of travel, research, and exploration.
The research methods incorporate robust exploratory data analysis techniques, ensuring
comprehensive exploration of the dataset.

Utilisation of clustering algorithms adds depth to the analysis, uncovering hidden patterns and
providing a nuanced understanding of accident factors.
Emphasis on actionable insights and recommendations demonstrates a commitment to practical
outcomes and improved safety measures.
Overall, the project's rigorous research methods and analytical approach enhance its reliability
and accuracy in understanding and addressing aviation accidents. Comprehensive data from
multiple sources improves the completeness of the research output. Adhering to detailed
investigation processes and scientific standards alongside transparency principles guarantees that
38
the data relied on in scholarly works matches the true level of credibility and trustworthiness.
This multi-source approach strengthens the power of research conclusions, why its findings are
important to both industry stakeholders and Policymakers.

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