Aizaz Hydrogen and Fuel Cell 1

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY PESHAWAR
Name:
Aizaz Muhammad
Reg. No:
21-PWCEE-0008
Subject:
Hydrogen & Fuel Cell
Semester: 6th
Assignment:
1st
Submitted to:
Dr. Adnan Daud
Energy Engineering Department

Hydrogen Production's Industrial Uses:
Chemical Procedures
1. Hydrogen is an essential component of many chemical reactions, such as those that
produce ammonia, refine oil, and synthesize methanol.
2. Its contribution to the Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis process is especially noteworthy,
as ammonia is needed for fertilizers and helps produce food on a worldwide scale.
3. In order to create cleaner fuels and petrochemicals, hydrogen is also utilized in the
hydrocracking and hydrotreating processes of oil refining.
Energy Retention:
1. Hydrogen is an essential medium for storing energy, particularly for renewable energy
sources like solar and wind power.
2. Excess power may be stored during off-peak hours and used during peak demand thanks
to the electrolysis of water to create hydrogen.
3. Tanks and subterranean caves are excellent places to store hydrogen, providing
flexibility and scalability in addressing imbalances in the supply and demand of energy.
Transportation
1. Vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cells provide emission-free mobility options.
2. By using hydrogen to produce electricity and only producing heat and water vapor as
waste products, fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) lower air pollution and greenhouse gas
emissions.
3. Across the globe, the usage of hydrogen-powered buses, trucks, and trains is expanding,
which helps to promote greener transportation.
A Factor Affecting Sustainability and Efficiency

Innovations in Technology:
1. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) and alkaline electrolyzer technological

advancements have increased the efficiency and economics of hydrogen generation.
2. The performance and longevity of electrolyzers are improved by research into new
catalyst materials and reactor designs, which lowers energy consumption and boosts
production rates.
Financial Aspects:
1. One important aspect affecting hydrogen's competitiveness as an energy carrier is its

manufacturing cost.
2. Hydrogen can become more economically feasible by reducing production costs via the
use of economies of scale, effective infrastructure, and improved supply chains.
3. The promotion of investment in hydrogen technology and the expansion of the market
are greatly aided by government incentives, subsidies, and carbon pricing systems.
Environmental Impacts:
1. Depending on the energy source utilized, hydrogen production's environmental

sustainability varies.
2. Green hydrogen provides emission-free manufacturing routes as it is generated by
electrolysis using renewable energy.
3. Nevertheless, without carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, gray hydrogen
generated from fossil fuels—especially natural gas—releases carbon emissions and
accelerates climate change.
4. Lifecycle studies are essential for guaranteeing the sustainability of hydrogen generation
and assessing its total environmental impact.
Instances and Prospects for the Future:

Industrial Examples:
1. The Linde Group uses surplus renewable electricity to power one of the biggest green
hydrogen facilities in the world, which is located in Canada, and uses electrolysis to
create hydrogen.
2. Two examples of commercially accessible hydrogen fuel cell vehicles that show the
viability of hydrogen in transportation are Toyota's Mirai and Hyundai's Nexo.
3. Hydrogen is used by oil refineries, such the Shell Puget Sound Refinery in Washington,
for the hydrocracking and desulfurization processes, which lower sulfur emissions and
yield cleaner fuels.
Novel Approaches:
Current investigations focus on sophisticated electrolysis systems, such as solid oxide
electrolysis cells (SOECs) and photo electrochemical cells (PECs), which provide reduced
expenses and increased efficiency.
The direct creation of green hydrogen at the place of generation is made possible by integrated
renewable energy projects, such as offshore wind farms with electrolyzer facilities, which lower
transmission losses and increase overall efficiency.
Governments, universities, and business partners working together promotes innovation and
speeds up the development of infrastructure and technology connected to hydrogen.
Upcoming prospects:
1. The shift to a low-carbon economy and decarburization initiatives are expected to

propel a notable surge in the demand for hydrogen across several industries, according
to projections made by the International Energy Agency (IEA).
2. The attainment of climate objectives delineated in global accords such as the Paris
Agreement is anticipated to be significantly aided by green hydrogen.
3. Developments in grid integration, renewable energy technologies, and hydrogen
infrastructure will significantly improve the sustainability and viability of hydrogen as a
crucial component of the

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UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY PESHAWAR

Hydrogen & Fuel Cell

Dr. Adnan Daud

Energy Engineering Department

A Factor Affecting Sustainability and Efficiency

1. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) and alkaline electrolyzer technological

1. One important aspect affecting hydrogen's competitiveness as an energy carrier is its

1. Depending on the energy source utilized, hydrogen production's environmental

Instances and Prospects for the Future:

1. The shift to a low-carbon economy and decarburization initiatives are expected to

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