Music Exam
Music Exam
Music Exam
Baroque Composers:
- Johannes Sebastian Bach
- George Frideric Handel
- Antonio Vivaldi
- Henry Purcell
Cadences:
- The end of a musical sentence
Finished Unfinished
Plagal IV - I Interrupted V - VI
V-I
Dominant Tonic
IV - I
Sub-Dominant Tonic
Classical Composers
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Joseph Hayden
- Antonio Salieri
- Ludwig Van Beethoven
Textures
Changes in emotions
Elegant, beautiful
Female Male
Alto - low female (A) Bass/ Baritone - low male voice (B)
SATB
Castrato/ Castrati - …
Word painting: When the word says what the music does.
Romantic Composers:
- Ludwig Van Beethoven (Bridge between Classical and Romantic)
- Frederic Chopin
“Shoping list”
- Franz Lizst
- Peter Tchaikovsky
- Franz Schubert
Peter Tchaikovsky
- Born in 1840
- Upper middle class russia
- Ballet - high end culture
- Emerged from French royal court of Lovis
- The 14 dance spectacle (A dramatic dance in which the characters used steps and
performance to tell a story)
- Dance of the sugar plum fairy - included instrument called cellcasta (elf like sound)
Expression of emotion
Rich harmonies
Classical Romantic
Objectivity Subjectivity
Balance Imbalance
Impressionism
Music that is judged or viewed differently by each and every person like a painting.
Impressionism music characteristics
Ambiguous tonality
Minimalism
Composers:
- Steve Reich
- Philip Glass
Minimalism characteristics
Ostinato
Hipnotic
Rhythmic, melodic pattern
Arabic tradition
Characteristics
Improvisation
Ornamentation
Heterophony
Call and response with changes
Maqan - scale
Takht - traditional ensemble
Instrumentation
Latin America
Instrumentation
Charango
Guitar
Pan-pipes
Bandoneon
Mariachi: Mexico
Tango: Argentina dance
Japan
Instrumentation
Taiko - Giant drums
Koto - 13 strings plucked with finger attachments
Shamisen - Violin type played with a bow
Sho - Pipe organ, 17 pipes
Shakuhachi - Bamboo flute
Indonesia
Indonesian music is very unpredictable and random. It is also very complicated and varies
from instruments that sound and look like “pots and pans”.
Instruments
Panerusan = Gender family (similar to orchestral xylophones but bronze keys); bonang
family (gong-chimes); gambang (wooden xylophone); celempung (zither); rabab (2-string
bowed); suling (end-blown flute).
Rhythm = Kendang gending and ketipung (conical drums); bedug (large barrel-shaped
drum); keprak (wood blocks); kekrek (metal plates); kecer (small cymbals).
Indian Classical Music is a divine art form, which often includes pitch bending and
improvisation. It is written in Raga which is a framework of a set of notes ascending and
descending patterns.
Melody: Raga Improvised Pitch bend Ornamentation
Rhythm: Tala
Instruments
Flute = Basuri
Oboe = Shenai
Percussion = Tabla
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