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    Lesson 3 Contemp.

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    Roziel
    The document discusses the history of Islamic influence and art in the Philippines from the 13th century onwards. It also discusses the Spanish colonial period from the 16th century to 1898 and the art that developed during this time including churches, religious art, and kundiman songs. The native Philippine script known as Baybayin is also covered.

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    Lesson 3 Contemp.

    Uploaded by

    Roziel
    3 views49 pages
    The document discusses the history of Islamic influence and art in the Philippines from the 13th century onwards. It also discusses the Spanish colonial period from the 16th century to 1898 and the art that developed during this time including churches, religious art, and kundiman songs. The native Philippine script known as Baybayin is also covered.

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    Lesson-3-Contemp.

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    The document discusses the history of Islamic influence and art in the Philippines from the 13th century onwards. It also discusses the Spanish colonial period from the 16th century to 1898 and the art that developed during this time including churches, religious art, and kundiman songs. The native Philippine script known as Baybayin is also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views49 pages

    Lesson 3 Contemp.

    Uploaded by

    Roziel
    The document discusses the history of Islamic influence and art in the Philippines from the 13th century onwards. It also discusses the Spanish colonial period from the 16th century to 1898 and the art that developed during this time including churches, religious art, and kundiman songs. The native Philippine script known as Baybayin is also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 49

    LESSON 3

    Islamic
    Colonial
    13th century - present
    Even before the coming of Spanish
    colonizers, Islam was already well
    entrenched in Southern Philippines,
    where it continues to be culturally
    dominant and strong. Islam was said
    to have gained significant
    grounding in Sulu as early as the
    13th century.
    However, it was in the arrival of
    Sayyid Abbubakar of Arabia in the 15th
    century that led to a significant turn
    of events. He married Princess
    Piramisuli, daughter of Rajah
    Baguinda. When his father-in-law
    died, Abubakar succeeded the throne
    and established the Sultanate of Sulu.
    Islamic art in the Philippines is
    found predominantly in Muslim
    ethnic groups where every group
    offers their own distinct flavor of
    Islamic art. This distinct art is
    commonly seen in homes, clothing,
    and places of worship of Filipino
    Muslims.
    One characteristic of Islamic
    art is the absence of human
    form. This tradition comes from
    the belief that any figural
    representation should not be
    used for the purpose of
    worship.
    1. Mosque
    ISLAM emerged in Arabia
    where travel along the desert
    trade routes was largely by
    night, and navigation
    depended upon the position of
    the moon and stars. The moon
    thus represents the guidance
    of God on the path through
    life.
    2. Sarimanok
    The Sarimanok is the legendary bird that
    has become an ubiquitous symbol of
    Maranao art. It is depicted as a fowl with
    colorful wings and feathered tail, holding a
    fish on its beak or talons. The head is
    profusely decorated with scroll, leaf, and
    spiral motifs. It is said to be a symbol of
    good fortune.
    2. Sarimanok
    Pre- Islamic Spanish America
    Conquest Colonial Colonial Colonial

    Japanese 70's to
    Occupation Contemporary
    SPANISH
    Colonial
    333 years
    Religious orders were dispatched to
    convert the natives to Catholicism
    as part of the larger project of
    colonization. The art forms from
    that period are referred to
    stylistically and culturally as
    religious art, lowland Christian art,
    or folk art.
    The complex was designated as the
    town center and consisted of the
    municipio or local government office
    and the church. Designed according
    to the prescriptions of the Spanish
    crown, the Church established its
    importance in people’s lives through
    its imposing scale and overall visual
    appeal.
    PLAZA COMPLEX
    During this period, cruciform
    churches following the shape of the
    Latin cross were built. In keeping
    with the prevailing design of
    Hispanic churches, the baroque style
    was predominantly employed; they
    were characterized by grandeur,
    drama, and elaborate details that
    purposely appealed to the emotions.
    • Patron Saints
    • Pasyon or Pabasa
    • Senakulo (1704)
    • Komedya – Another local theater
    that depicts the conflict between
    the Muslims and Christians.
    - Moro-moro > Spanish word for Moor
    that North Americans who rules the
    parts of SPAIN.
    Baroque
    Churches
    The Baroque Churches of the
    Philippines are a collection of four
    Spanish Colonial-era baroque churches
    in the Philippines, which were included
    in (United Nations Educational,
    Scientific and Cultural Organization)
    UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1993.
    The churches are also considered as
    national cultural treasures of the
    country.
    San Agustin Church in Manila
    Morong Church in Rizal
    Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte
    Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church in Miag -ao,
    Iloilo.
    Images of saints and
    interpretations of biblical
    narratives were considered
    essential to worship. Under the
    strict watch and patronage of
    the church, images were
    produced through painting,
    sculpting, and engraving.
    During the 17th century, Chinese
    artisans, under Spanish
    supervision were engaged in
    making icons or saints or santos
    (in the vernacular) in wood and
    ivory; building churches and
    houses; as well as making
    furniture.
    The Via Crucis is an
    important inclusion in
    colonial churches which are
    presented either as a series of
    14 paintings or relief
    sculptures depicting Christ’s
    crucifixion and resurrection.
    During the latter half of the 19th
    century when revolutionary
    sentiments began to develop,
    the kundiman which usually
    spoke of resignation and
    fatalism, became a vehicle for
    resistance.
    KUNDIMAN
    The term Kundiman comes from
    the Tagalog phrase “kung hindi
    man” or “if it were not so”.
    Written in the Tagalog language,
    these folksongs were subtly
    patriotic but typically disguised
    as love songs.
    The authentic kundiman is not
    merely about love. Instead, it
    inspires a selfless and spiritual
    attitude and evokes intense longing,
    caring, devotion, and oneness not
    only with a romantic partner, but
    also with a parent, child, a spiritual
    figure, the motherland, or an ideal or
    cause.
    For all intents and purposes,
    the lyrics were that of
    unrequited love, except that
    the love object was the
    Philippines who would be
    cleverly concealed as a
    beautiful woman.
    This is demonstrated in such songs as
    Kundiman ni Abdon (Abdon’s Love Song),
    a kundiman which became a feature of
    protest actions against Martial Law
    during the seventies, and the still
    popular Bayan Ko (My Country), a
    kundiman which experienced renewed
    popularity during the EDSA People
    Power Revolution of 1986
    LESSON 3
    Baybayin
    Script
    ENDANGERED ALPHABETS
    The term “baybayin” comes from
    the Tagalog root word baybay,
    which means “to spell.” For many
    years the script was incorrectly
    referred to as “alibata,” based on
    the arrangement of another
    alphabet system – Arabic, in which
    the first letters are called alif, ba,
    and ta.
    Is Alibata the
    same with
    Baybayin?
    Baybayin is a writing
    system native to the
    Philippines, attested from
    before Spanish
    colonization through to at
    least the eighteenth
    century.
    Alibata was a term coined by
    Paul Rodriguez Verzosa in
    1914. He based this term on
    the Arabic Alphabet alif, ba,
    and ta from the Maguindanao
    Moros and was turned into
    Alibata afterward.
    The reason why Alibata is a wrong
    term is that there is no clear or strong
    evidence that pre-colonial Filipinos
    derived Baybayin from the Arabic
    language.
    In addition, the Baybayin script has no
    relation whatsoever the arrangements
    in the Arabic alphabet and was
    deemed only a presumption in the
    20th century.
    Among Mangyans who inhabit
    the island province of Mindoro,
    bamboo poles are cut into
    smaller nodes and are etched
    with Baybayin script used to
    compose short poems that tell of
    courtship and other emotional
    concerns.
    In the town of Ticao, located in
    southern province of Leyte, a
    huge stone was discovered
    that contained Baybayin
    writing believed to be an
    invocation for a safe journey
    by sea.
    NATIONAL ART MUSEUM
    They may not have chronicled a
    pre-colonial history, but they
    do, however, provide evidence
    of the presence of a pre-
    colonial writing system.
    Spanish colonization brought
    with it printing technology.
    Pre- Islamic Spanish America
    Conquest Colonial Colonial Colonial

    Japanese 70's to
    Occupation Contemporary

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