EARTH’S STRUCTURE CHAPTER 5: Study Sheet

Label the layers of the Earth. LITHOSPHERE

crust The lithosphere forms the The lithosphere is broken into giant pieces
different landforms that we tectonic
called _____________ plates
________________.
upper mantle see, such as mountains,
valleys, etc. These landforms
Why do these plates move?
are called Earth’s
lower mantle relief they move because they are on
__________________________________
_________________.
top of the lower mantle which is
__________________________________
outer core partially melted so it constantly
__________________________________
What German scientist first moves, taking the tectonic plates
__________________________________
inner core proposed the theory of with it.
continental drift?
At one point, all the continents were stuck
Which layer(s) of the Earth are: Alfred Wegener together in one supercontinent called
__________________________
Pangaea
______________________.
crust, upper mantle, inner core
a) solid: ___________________________________
lower mantle
b) partially melted: __________________________ Name the movement of these tectonic plates: How do mountains form?
___________________________
at a convergent boundary
outer core
c) liquid: ___________________________________ when the Earth’s crust lifts
___________________________
lower mantle and folds
___________________________
d) the thickest: _____________________________
___________________________
crust
e) the thinnest: _____________________________
___________________________
convergent ___________________________
divergent
Combined the crust and upper mantle are called
lithosphere
the _____________________. What is the scientific name for
mountain formation?
orogenesis
___________________________
EARTH’S SPHERES transform

Name the 4 layers of the Earth and use one or two

words to describe each one. Over time mountains get shorter by erosion. Define erosion.

Erosion is the wearing away of soil and rocks by glaciers, running water,
lithosphere
_______________________ land
: _______________________ _________________________________________________________________________
biosphere life
_______________________ : _______________________ and weather.
atmosphere
_______________________ air
: _______________________ _________________________________________________________________________
hydrosphere
_______________________ water
: _______________________
 VOLCANOES TSUNAMIS EARTHQUAKES
Explain how a volcano can occur at a Tsunamis are most often caused by
when the plates Earthquakes typically happen at a
divergent boundary: ____________________ volcanoes
underwater ___________________ or transform
move apart, magma rises to the surface ___________________ boundary.
_______________________________________ earthquakes
_________________.
to fill in the gap
_______________________________________
Explain how earthquakes happen.
_______________________________________ In the open ocean, the tsunami waves are _____________________________________
When one tectonic plates tries to slide
fast
moving _________ high
but they are not _______. past another one and gets stuck so the
Explain how a volcano can occur at a _____________________________________
As the tsunami enters the shallow water pressure between the two builds. As the
_____________________________________
convergent boundary: ___________________
slow ________
close to shore, the waves ______ down plates get unstuck and the pressure is
_______________________________________
one plate dives under the other plate _____________________________________
bigger
but get ____________. released as waves.
(subduction zone). The lower plate
_______________________________________
melts and expands which increases the
_______________________________________ What is the difference between the
pressure under the lithosphere and What to do if you’re near a tsunami: FOCUS and the EPICENTRE?
_______________________________________
forces magma to the surface. 1. Get as _______
high as possible. The focus is the place where the plates
_____________________________________
_______________________________________
2. Get as _______
far away from the ocean as got stuck (underground) while the
_____________________________________
possible epicentre is the spot on the ground
_____________________________________
Most of the world’s volcanoes occur in the
directly above the focus.
Ring
_______________ Fire
of ___________. _____________________________________

ash cloud What is the difference

An earthquake is the strongest at its
between lava and
_____________________.
epicentre
magma?
_______________________
Scientists measure the intensity and
crater _______________________
magma is partially
side vent duration of earthquakes on machines
lava melted mantle below
_______________________ seismographs
called ______________________.
the surface and lava is
_______________________
crust what comes out of the
main vent _______________________
volcano Earthquakes are measured on the
_______________________ Richter 0
_______________ Scale from _____ to
_______________________ 10 with _______
10
______, being the worst
_______________________
possible earthquake.

magma chamber