Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.

1 (2021), 356-363
Research Article
Evaluation Of The Efficacy Of Iot Deployment On Petro-Retail Operations
1
Santanu Purohit,2Arvind Kumar Jain, 3Sujoita Purohit
1
(School of Business, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies. Dehradun, India)
2
(School of Business, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies. Dehradun, India)
3
( Research analyst , Mumbai , India)

Article History: Received:11 January 2021; Accepted: 27 February 2021; Published online: 5 April 2021

ABSTRACT : After the Internet revolution, Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to be the next big
technological change, connecting equipment as well as everyday objects to help businesses explore new ways of
creating and delivering value. In the Oil & Gas industry context, IoT has been deployed extensively in the
upstream sector and also to some extent in the mid-stream sector. However, it’s implementation in the
downstream (retail) sector has been limited. This paper explores the applicability and impact of deploying an
IoT solution at a fuel retail outlet. In our experiment, a live outlet was chosen in Kolkata, where a limited IoT
solution was deployed, for a period of 3 months. Our research shows that IoT implementation can yield
significant operational benefits by reducing the response times, leading to increased operational uptime and
hence sales. It can also help improve the root cause analysis process by providing increased data to identify the
issue(s).

KEYWORDS:Internet of Things, Indian fuel retail, IOT in Oil & Gas, New Technology adoption, customer
experience

ABBREVIATIONS: IOT, Internet of Things; FCC, Forecourt Controller; UPS, Uninterrupted Power Source;
HTTP

INTRODUCTION

In the recent times, rapid growth is witnessed in the adaptation of Internet of Things (IOT). Traditionally, IOT
aims to foster ubiquitous connectivity amongst individual equipment as well as everyday objects helping
business to explore new ways of creating & delivering values (Atzoriet. al., 2010). It is also apparent from the
different domain, in this era of technology convergence, there appear to be growing usage of IOT (Atzori.et.al.,
2014).

Prior to the evolution of IOT, multiple attempts were made over the years in different contexts to integrate
systems or machines through the existing connectivity mechanisms that leveraged specific protocols. In order to
overcome the limitation of interconnectivity among the systems due to their proprietary nature, IOT now
promulgates, standard – based connectivity that envisages Internet of Things, growing to extent of things, IOT
and Internet of Everything (Uckelmannet.al).

The affordances of new sensing , analyzing and responding capabilities promised by IOT technologies have led
to widespread anticipation of bumming traditional industry demarcations. This obviously raises various
possibilities across functional areas (Atzoriet. al., 2010) including operations, manufacturing, Health Safety &
environment, service provisions, product support, sales , marketing , branding etc from the point of view of
providers while allowing customers to optimize their utilization and expenses ( e.g. smart marketing) and
leverage the technology for delivering next levels of human benefit ( e.g. ambience assisted living).

From the architecture perspective, IOT is having four broad levels such as devices, connectivity, data analysis
and applications, each with unique challenges & opportunities.

In Oil & Gas context, IOT are hugely used in upstream and middle stream while downstream has very less
usage of IoTs that is too predominantly at refining side. In fuel retailing area, IOT can be used for enhancing
operational excellences, consistence in service and customer satisfaction & better experience & customer
loyalty(https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/consulting/articles/iot-digital-oil-and-gas.html).

According to McKinsey, global gas demand is expected to reach 4,503 billion cubic meters (bcm) in 2035,
showing a more than 1% annual growth from 3,736 bcm in 2017. Asia is expected to be the biggest consumer of
the resource at 47%, followed by the rest of the world (24%), the Middle East (16%), and the United States

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(14%). AI and the internet of things (IoT) have found their way into the oil and gas world. IoT is the technology
that allows devices, machinery, and other equipment to communicate with each other. It enables oil and gas
companies to manage and store data, create applications, and set security protocols using data science
methodologies. IOT along with the usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and enabled edge computing shall help
in predictive maintenance in plants i.e in upstream, mid-stream and in refineries (Internet of Things in the Oil
and Gas Industry – Current Applications, 2019).

Some of the major challenges faced by executives in the Oil & Gas value chain include (i) aging equipment and
legacy systems, (ii) hazardous environment and (iii) growing competition &increasing regulatory oversight.
Today’s technology has great potential to not only solve these challenges, but also enhance performance in this
field. IoT applicationin the oil and gas sector includes usage of sensors, smart algorithm, predictive &
preventive maintenance, etc. While robots, drones and wearable are the approaches getting the most attention
and investment,IoT serves as a basic foundation for continuous monitoring and analysis of data. In this regard,
the application of IoT technologies in oil and gas monitoring systems makes a significant difference. Given the
recent advances in sensor technology as well as increasing connectivity options, the management in the oil and
gas industry can monitor anything in real-time, from the changing seabed topography, chemical composition of
crude oil to the integrity of a gas pipeline and tanker fleet positioning. The enhanced capabilities of IoT-based
monitoring systems can be applied throughout the oil and gas supply chain - upstream, midstream and
downstream. Further, the deployment of IoT also enables usage of advanced data analytics and visualization
tools. Management can use convenient dashboards to track operations and read the latest measurements on PC
or mobile, from the comfort of one’s office or home, and respond to changes remotely using actuators and
controls in real-time. Remote monitoringhelps workers reduce repeat on-site visits.Performing routine manual
checks isn’t the only benefit of using IoT for oil and gas production and distribution, which also (i) enables real-
time equipment, fleet and environmental conditions monitoring, and provides better transparency and control
over processes, (ii) allows for timely on-demand equipment maintenance and optimizes related cost and effort,
(iii) ensures better worker safety and transfers risky on-site operations to robots and UAVs, (iv) introduces
automation, including automated leakage and breakage control, (v) reduces the negative environmental impact
associated with oil and gas production and distribution and (vi) optimize manpower and cut down on non-
productive time and downtime(https://www.digiteum.com/category/iot, 2019).

For the Oil &Gas (O&G) industry, the advantages of IoT applications lie in creating value through an integrated
deployment strategy. IoT will allow the industry to digitize, optimize, and automate processes that were
previously unconnected to save time andresources, and increase safety. IOT can add value in following areas: (i)
Remote Services: IOT can be used to get real time data, information in upstream industry to predict break down
or scheduled maintenance activities , (ii) Predictive and Preventive Maintenance: can be used at upstream,
middle stream and downstream facilities, especially at storage locations, (iii) Health and Safety: accidents can
be very costly. By deploying IoT- enabled safety measures, O&G companies will not only keep their employees
safe but benefit from a decrease in corporate liability and an increase in profit, ( iv) Asset Tracking and
Monitoring: tracking sensors provide useful information so that Companies can better identify inventories. If an
item is missing, an IoT system can be used to track shipments with the exact location of each oil and gas asset,
(v) Data Management : Data management and analytics from the oilfields, pipelines, refineries, and other
energy sites, are crucial to the success of the O&G industry. Data plays a significant role in improvements, such
as increasing uptime and recovery rates, making better decisions, and enhancing refining capacity(Lee 2019).

Study has revealed that with connected IOT solutions, companies can (i) lower the cost through increased
automation and monitoring of remote processes, (ii) Increase workplace safety and ensure environmental
protection through collection of real-time sensor data and conditions, (iii) Increase operational efficiency
through more accurate billing, loss prevention and better maintenance strategies including off-shore equipment
and (iv) increase reliability and longevity of equipment through remote monitoring and data collection
(https://www.sierrawireless.com/applications/energy/oil-and-gas/).

Study has showed that there are 5 ways in which IOT canrejuvenate Oil & Gas industry, and these are (i)
Improved Operational Efficiency, (ii) Revenue, (iii) Real Time data,(iv) Decreased safety risk and (v)
Environmental foot prints (Chakravarthi 2018).

A study on the implementation of IOT at fuel stations in India showed that this can increase the operational
efficiency with respect to accuracy, service quality, cost, security and time consumption(Haridas and Pillai.
2019).

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A mobile app-based application was developed and studied towards creating IOT-based smart petrol station in
India. The app was developed to track nearby fuel stations using geo-location (Goyal 2016).
IOT-based fuel station alert systemshave also been tried to determinethe probable design for generating alerts in
case of theft of fuel and introduction of security matrix for appropriate communications (Kumar et.al, 2017).
The experimental work in setting up intelligent& smart fuel stations helped provide operators easy access for
fuel management and monitoring of fuel price trends through web interface(Gupta et.al , 2016).

METHODOLOGY:
1.Solution Philosophy

Fuel stations play a veryimportant role since fuel is necessary for mobility via automobiles.Ensuring availability
of all devices in working condition is an important requirement, not only for the profitability of the service
providers, but also for ensuring availability of desired service deliveries to the customers. Putting in place an
IoT based solution at the fuel station can be one of the ways to ensure the desired uptime of the equipment. The
IOT based solution monitors power supply to the UPS, Forecourt controller(FCC), network Router and Modem
by means of a system comprising sensors and transmitting deviceconnected to back office application
withreporting on real time basis. The detection of uptime of the equipment is based on power disruption at any
point in time to thesedesignated equipment. Any change in the presence or absence of power to the selected
equipment is immediately reported to the application server at the back end. UPS is responsible for supply of
uninterrupted power supply to all the devices in the fuel station. FCC gathers all fueling transactions, available
product stock level as well as alerts & events generated by the equipment present at the retail outlet. Modem &
Router ensure availability of fuel station’s connectivity to its back-office server of their respective companies.
The sensor system posts its power status at 2 minutes intervals to the central server. In case of power failure, the
solution will have its own battery back-up to ensure that the sensor and transmitter arrangement still operates
and is able to send notification of such “no power” event to the central server. The solution has been tested for 4
weeks as a pilot. The data transmission occurred over secured HTTS data channel to the back-end server using
GPRS. For the purpose of study, six sensor points were finalized in a limited manner:

o Input Power to Working UPS

o Input Power to Standby UPS
o Output power from combined UPS
o Input power to FCC
o Input power to Modem
o Input power to Router
The IOT system also provides device identification, location (Latitude and Longitude), and UTC Timestamp
along with data packets transmitted to back end for identification of the data for further analysis and reporting at
the backend. The back-end application is capable of sending notification/alerts in the form of SMS/email
immediately on receipt of failure signal from the sensors.
1. Solution architecture:

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As shown in the above design, Sensors work on direct voltage sensing method. The sensing devices
communicate to each other over WIFI Peer to Peer (P2P) communication. RS485 has been provided for back up
communication channel. A reporting dashboard provides live status of power, historical data of status by RO,
and also the email triggered on malfunction as well as its resolution.

2. Sensor Panel
Sensor panel consists of six non-contact current sensor probes. These probes are attached to power lines of the
target equipment. This enables the identification of presence / absence of power in the connected lines. Sensor
panel compiles the output from the six sensors and creates a status data packet to be sent by the GPRS
modem.In order to monitor the power quality, which is important fromequipment failure point of view (critical
for digital equipment), and will enable the service provider to take timely action to safeguard this device before
it reaches the threshold limit of burnt out. View above a Voltage-Ammeter-Frequency Meter (VAF) was
installed to check the voltage and frequency readings on real time basis using the same IoT equipment, with
sensors for monitoring power supply.
a. GPRS Modem
GPRS modem receives the data from the sensor panel and sends it to the client server on cloud using GPRS
connectivity over HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol – Secured). Modem also adds information related to
time of capture (UTC Time Stamp) and 16-digit unique identification number of the device. GPRS Modem is
equipped with L1 band GPS in order to track the location of the equipment as well. Location information of the
device is sent once in a day.

b. Cloud Application
Cloud application receives the data. It is comprised of a user interface to create a timeline of the power status by
retail outlets. During the installation process, device IMEI numbers are mapped tothe relevant retail outlets
along with mapping of sensor probes with respective power lines.

Line Diagram for the solution deployed:

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RESULTS & DISCUSSION:

The IoT based solution is envisaged for providing real time status including alert in case of failure of critical
equipment for fuel station operation and management. The system is capable for sending information with
escalation to predefined people through SMS & emails for downtime after set time intervals, if not resolved.
Reporting dashboardsare created to enable users to monitor via a GUI webpage. The dashboards reflect the
location-wise equipment-wise status on a real-time basis. It also providesthe location-wise historical status for
the equipment. Panels ofa few dashboards created are depicted below:

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In the event of any malfunction arising from non- availability of power supply to designated equipment, emails
are triggered and sent to the fuel station Manager, company officials, vendors providing maintenance support
and other designated people.Upon rectification, Restoration email is also sent out. Frequency of email triggers is
at every 4 hours for escalation in case of non-resolution.

The IOT based solution providesthe following benefits to the fuel station ecosystem:

• Ensures immediate trigger of an “event’ e.g. lackof power supply to the UPS and its downstream
equipment e.g. FCC, Modem and Router.
• Helps to initiate corrective action on power supply thereby increasing uninterrupted service to the
customer.

Upon studying the performance, it is observed that UPS is the most critical equipment since it provides
power to other equipment like modem, router and FCCs . Hence, any improvement in the performance of
UPS leads to improvement of the overall performance of the system and for fuel station as a whole. The
improvement in UPS downtime and number of customer grievances related to non-availability of fuel due
to UPS related issues is analyzed for three months time post implementation of the system and compared
the same with three months data for pre- installation period as per below table .

Table -1

Pre Installation of Post Installation of

IOT IOT Improvement
UPS Down time ( in Hr) 864 208 76%
Customer grievances (
numbers) 102 53 48%

From the above, it is observed that down time of UPS have been reduced by 76% there by reducing the chances
of other equipment since UPS is the source of power to other equipment. Further drilling down inanalyzing the
performance,it is observed that the customer grievances has also reduced by 48% during this period and one of
the major contributor towards the improved performance is the monitoring mechanism which has enabled the
ecosystem for improved response time of the service provider due to visibility of down time on real time basis to
them.

CONCLUSION

IoT has had significant impact on the processes in upstream and mid-stream oil & gas industry. While some
research has been done regarding potential application of IoT in downstream Oil & Gas, conclusive primary
research demonstrating the benefits of its application is extremely limited. Our research shows that IoT
implementation can yield significant operational benefits, in terms of uptime and thus enhanced sales, even with
a limited deployment. The key is to correctly identify prime equipment impacting business drivers and then
successfully monitor them via IoT deployment. This can help improve operations equipment uptime
performance via:

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• Reduced response times

• Identifying frequent breakdowns
• Designing standardized responses as per breakdown categories
• Anticipating/proactively monitoring equipment downtime

A key takeaway from this research is also that IoT deployment could be extended beyond the limited operational
deployment for a more holistic management oversight. Similarly, IoT deployment could also be extended to the
customer experience touchpoints to capture the user journey for improving the customer experience and
satisfaction.

Thus, rapid technological advancements as well as increasing exposure to digitization have led to increasing
adoption of digital technologies, including IOT.The IOT-based solutions havea positive impact in the following
areas:

✓ Operational excellence & profit maximization: The solution provides indication to the responsible
personnel to take care of equipment health immediately or proactively. It helps ensure uninterrupted
operation at fuel station with no sales loss, thereby increasing operational excellence and maximizing
revenue.
✓ Enhanced Customer experience: customer aims to have a smooth fueling experience without any
hiccups at the fuel stations. AnIOT-based solution shall ensure uninterrupted availability of fuel to
customers, enhancing their fueling experience. Similar IOT solution can also be adopted at fuel stations
for enhancing customer experiences in the arena of consistency in service delivery and product
availability.

FUTURE SCOPE

In this article,we have tried to articulate how IOT based monitoring equipment that can be helpful in fuel
retailing business as well from service provider & customer perspective. The device & study conducted on 6
parameters which can be extended for more parameters based on the requirement of the fuel stations. The
current study will be helpful for understanding and usage of IoTs for various field of fuel retailing for further
enhancement in customer experience, operational efficiency.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are thankful to Mr Manas Sarkar, Chief Manager Engineering BPCL, Kolkata for his encouragement,
valuable input and allowing us to carry out the study at BPCL fuel stations. We are also thankful to Mr Kush
Meshram for his assistance towards designing of IoTs for the study.

Conflict of Interest: The authors confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with the
publication of this paper.

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