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    Lecture 2 Eees

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    skjdkmq518
    The document discusses various fossil fuels like coal, crude oil, and natural gas that were formed from remains of ancient organisms. It also discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Alternatives to fossil fuels like biomass, wind, solar, nuclear, wave, tidal, and hydrogen are also covered. Biomass energy sources and their pros and cons are explained.

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    Lecture 2 Eees

    Uploaded by

    skjdkmq518
    13 views10 pages
    The document discusses various fossil fuels like coal, crude oil, and natural gas that were formed from remains of ancient organisms. It also discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Alternatives to fossil fuels like biomass, wind, solar, nuclear, wave, tidal, and hydrogen are also covered. Biomass energy sources and their pros and cons are explained.

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    LECTURE 2 EEES

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    The document discusses various fossil fuels like coal, crude oil, and natural gas that were formed from remains of ancient organisms. It also discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Alternatives to fossil fuels like biomass, wind, solar, nuclear, wave, tidal, and hydrogen are also covered. Biomass energy sources and their pros and cons are explained.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views10 pages

    Lecture 2 Eees

    Uploaded by

    skjdkmq518
    The document discusses various fossil fuels like coal, crude oil, and natural gas that were formed from remains of ancient organisms. It also discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Alternatives to fossil fuels like biomass, wind, solar, nuclear, wave, tidal, and hydrogen are also covered. Biomass energy sources and their pros and cons are explained.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    LECTURE 2

    EEES
    Fossil Fuels
    ● Fossil fuels are energy rich substances that have formed from remains of
    organisms that lived 200 to 500 million years ago.
    ● Chemically Fossil fuels largely consist of hydrocarbons, which are compounds of
    hydrogen and carbon. Some fuels also contain contains smaller quantities of
    other compounds. After the accumulating sediments exerted increasing heat and
    pressure for millions of years on the ancient organisms hydrocarbons were
    formed. Ex - petroleum, coal, natural gas etc.
    Coal
    ● Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel on the planet, with current estimates from
    216 years global recoverable reserves to over 500 years at current usage rates.
    About 250 to 300 million years ago coal was formed on earth in hot dumped
    regions.
    ● Mainly there are three types of coal:
    ○ Anthracite or hard coal (90% of carbon content)
    ○ Bituminous or soft coal (85% of carbon content)
    ○ Lignite or brown coal (70% of carbon content)
    Advantages and Disadvantages of Coal
    Advantages Disadvantages

    ● Ample supplies. ● Very high environmental impact.


    ● High net energy yield. ● Severe land disturbance, air pollution and
    ● Low cost. water pollution.
    ● Mining and combustion technology well ● High land use.
    developed. ● Severe threat to human health.
    ● Air pollution can be reduced with developed ● High CO2 emission when burnt. Releases
    technology. radioactive particles into air.
    Crude Oil/Petroleum
    ● Crude oil is oily, flammable, thick dark brown or greenish liquid that occurs
    naturally in deposits, usually beneath the surface of the earth. It is also called as
    Petroleum.
    ● It is used mostly for producing fuel oil which is the primary energy source
    today.
    ● Petroleum is cleaner fuel when compared to wood or coal as it burns completely
    and leaves no residue.
    Natural Gas
    ● Natural gas mainly consist of Methane (CH4) along with other inflammable
    gases like ethane and propane. Natural gas is least polluting due to its low
    sulphur content and hence is clearest source of energy.
    ● It is used both for domestic and industrial purpose. Natural gas is used as a fuel
    in thermal plant for generating electricity, as a source of hydrogen gas in
    fertilizing industry and as a source of carbon in tyre industry.
    ● Natural gas was formed from the remains of tiny sea animals and plants that
    died 200-400 million years ago.
    Alternatives for Fossil Fuels
    ● Biomass
    ● Wind
    ● Solar
    ● Nuclear
    ● Wave
    ● Tidal
    ● Hydrogen
    Biomass
    ● Biomass is a renewable energy resource derived from solid carbonaceous waste
    material of various human, animals, plants and natural activities. It is derived
    from numerous sources, including the by-products from wood industry,
    agricultural crops, raw materials from the forest, household wastes and
    discarded material from food processing plants etc. More significantly, it is a
    store which is continually replenished by the flow of energy from the sun
    through the process of photosynthesis.
    Sources of Biomass Energy
    1) Wood residues
    2) Agricultural residues
    3) Energy crops
    4) Animal waste
    5) Sewage sludge
    6) Biofuels
    Advantages and Disadvantages of Biomass Energy
    Advantages Disadvantages

    ● Renewable or recyclable energy source. ● Low conversion efficiency of light into


    ● Less waste directed to landfills. biomass by plants.
    ● Decrease reliance on imported energy ● Relatively low concentration of biomass per
    source. unit area of land and water.
    ● Potential rural development and job ● Scarcity of additional land for growing
    creation. plant.
    ● Can generate renewable electricity when ● High moisture content of biomass.
    the sun is not shining and the wind isn't
    blowing.

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