550 SAN JUAN STREET

550 San Juan Street

1900 ~ Shingle style

t was Jane Lathrop Stanford herself who gave her friends Mr. and Mrs. George B. Cooksey the opportunity to build their house on campus. As reported by the Palo Alto Times of May 11, 1900:
During the summer Geo. B. Cooksey of Menlo Park will begin building a $15,000 residence on the knoll opposite Mrs. Dunns house, on the campus. Ten acres of land for the grounds go with the place. The building will be three stories high, with basement and high sharp roofs and the floor dimensions approximately 120 x 60 feet. The residence will contain thirty rooms, exclusive of pantries, closets, baths, and the large main hall and stairway. C. E. Hodges is the architect.

550 SAN JUAN STREET

next to the tennis court. Additional outbuildings included a stable, a gardeners I had the great good fortune to become cottage, and a coachmans cottage, none of acquainted personally, right on the Stanford which exist today. campus, with Dr. Christian A. Herter of New The architect, Charles E. Hodges, drew York, who was one of the great leaders in the development of science and medicine.It plans dated May 23, 1900. The contractor and happened that Mrs. Cooksey and Mrs. Herter builder was E. A. Hettinger, who cosigned the were sisters. Dr. Herters brother, an interior decorator, had come to California to decorate contract documents with George Cooksey on the Mark Hopkins home on Nob Hill in San May 23, 1900. Hettinger had offices in Palo Francisco. Consequently it was natural enough Alto and San Jose, and was at that time that Dr. and Mrs. Herter were among those who came to visit the Cookseys, and that I building the universitys assembly hall and should meet them in the medical calls I made library. For reasons unknown, the original on Mrs. Cooksey and other members of the plans on file with Maps and Records, household. Stanfords Plant Services do not completely Linda Dows Cooksey was the wife of match the house as built, though most likely George Borwick Cooksey, who was born in changes made as building progressed werent England in December 1852, and immigrated to added to the plans. the United States in 1875. The 1900 U.S. census lists his occupation as merchant, and DETAILS OF THE HOUSE the family name is recorded as Cooxey. The three-story residence, with a The Dunn house mentioned above was basement and an attic, has a complex gabled that of Orrin and Harriett Dunn, now the roof with projecting gambrel bays on front and Dunn-Bacon House, at 565 Mayfield Avenue, rear, plus six dormers and six fireplaces of built in 1899. The land for the Cooksey house clinker brick with wood mantels. The houses was a short distance across the County Road, exterior comprises an exposed common brick now Campus Drive East. masonry foundation, shiplapped clapboard The lot size for the Cookseys house is siding on the lower floor, and wood shingles given as 9.75 acres, abutting Santa Ynez Street on the upper floors. The back of the house has and extending south from the County Road. two covered porches, and the Cooksey Lane There was one gated S-shaped road running up side has a covered entry; these and the portethe hill to the dwelling at an elevation of 165 cochre outside the front entrance have square feet, with a low spur road to the barn (built in Doric columns. All woodwork is redwood. 1896 and transferred to the Cooksey property Windows include double-hung ones with at this time). A second road extended up to a painted wood frames, some of leaded-glass on tennis court, just west of the house. Paths led the first floor, and others of beveled plate glass from Cooksey Lane and from San Juan, one to in the hall and the full main stair. The third and the entrance and the other to the west side, attic levels have four small round windows. Dr. Ray Lyman Wilburs memoirs give some background to this story:

550 SAN JUAN STREET

The main first-floor rooms have pocket doors. The basement included a wine cellar and a coal cellar, plus a lift to bring coal and wood to the first and second floors. The plans for the first floor show a library, living room, schoolroom, dining room, pantry, kitchen, cold room, lavatory, servants hall, servants double room, and a storeroom, as well as the main entry hall behind the front entrance. The second floor had separate rooms for Mr. Cooksey, Mrs. Cooksey, Miss Margaret, Miss Eunice Cooksey, Miss Lamb, Master Donald, Miss Dorothy, a spare room, mans room, maids room, linen room, sewing room, and six baths. The third floor had rooms for Master Charlton, a spare room, workroom, playroom, trunk room, servants room, servants double room, three other servantsrooms, a servants trunk room, and a cedar closet room, plus one bath. The large attic space included two rooms, all of the area open to the roof structure. The houses total floor area was about 14,000 square feet. In 1900, the Cooksey children were Eunice, age 19; Charlton, 17; Maggie, 14; Dorothy, 13; and Donald, 8. Seven servants lived in the house: Marie Lamb, trained nurse, 49, from Canada; Mary Gueran, cook, 36, from Ireland; Charles Matthews, butler, 22, from Georgia; and four others: Lena Fisher, Annie Moriarity, and Ida and Leona Meyer. Eunice Cooksey starred in a campus theatrical in 1903, though she is not on record as enrolled as a Stanford student.

Following Mrs. Cookseys death, in March 1903, her husband offered to donate the house to the university as a fully equipped student hospital under the direction of his late wifes physician, Ray Lyman Wilbur. As Dr. Wilbur tells it, Mrs. Stanford was still prejudiced against hospitalsand did not accept the offer. She thought the presence of a hospital on a hill would lead people to think Stanford might be an unhealthful place. On September 26, 1903, the Stanford Board of Trustees voted to buy the house from George Cooksey for $15,000, its construction cost in 1900, to be paid in three installments over the next four months. On that same date, Sigma Nu fraternitys application to lease the house was placed on file. The trustees had the Cooksey place surveyed in November 1906 and adopted plans in March 1907 for subdivision of the Cooksey Tract, which later became part of the San Juan subdivision. In 1907 the property was treated as the Cooksey subdivision. Even before the university had had its official opening, Greek letter fraternities were laying plans for chapters on campus. Eight fraternities and two sororities were established in the first year, boasting a total membership of 140 students. President David Starr Jordan, a fraternity man himself, approved. Phi Kappa Psi (Phi Psi), which had begun at Stanford in 1891 as the California Beta chapter, was the third fraternity on campus after Zeta Psi and Phi Delta Theta. However, the Cooksey houses use wasnt resolved until three years after its purchase by the university. In September 1905 the trustees deferred a

550 SAN JUAN STREET

proposal for renting the house as a girls dormitory. In August 1906, Phi Psis request to lease it was denied. President Jordan recommended that the house be used as a high-class dormitory for young women or as a family hotel, but no action was taken. Finally, on November 30, 1906, the trustees accepted Phi Psis offer to buy the house for $18,000. From 1903 to 1907, 15 to 18 Phi Psi brothers lived at 359 Emerson Street, Palo Alto. It was the only fraternity living off campus, which may have strongly argued for it to have priority on leasing the Cooksey house. In the first Stanford Annual Register (spring 1908), which lists students local addresses, the Phi Psi (Cooksey) house is given as the residence of 23 students; 28 lived there the next year. No documentation shows when the major changes to the room layouts on the second and third floors took place, but the smaller rooms were almost totally redesigned for student use, with a wide central hall provided on both of these floors. And the picture of the house in the 1908 Quad shows the exterior shingles being painted rather than left natural. Cooksey Houses address has changed over the years. The 1908 Quad shows it as being at University Heights, and in the Palo Alto directory of 1926 as being at San Juan Heights. From 1928 until at least 1948, the address was 723 Cooksey Lane, though the official address had changed to 550 San Juan Street in 1932. During World War II, all the fraternities became residences for lowerdivision students, while the few major student dorms were turned over to the military, and all

the fraternities were given temporary names of U.S. Presidents; Phi Psi became Lincoln Hall. Phi Psi fraternity had a long history in the house, with some successes and some tribulations. A major renovation of the first floor occurred in the summer of 1923. As The Stanford Phi Psi of November 21 of that year wrote with its singular literary style:
The condition of the downstairs which was formerly a constant eyesore and glaring barnlike space has evolved into a home: a home that is pleasing to the eye, rich in its [sic] appointments, and practical in its [sic] use. The red varnish was removed from all the walls downstairs and the woodwork was left natural redwood with a wax finish. This finish gives a warm, natural glow to the atmosphere. The ceilings have been retinted in harmony with the woodwork which also serves to improve the rooms.The general atmosphere of the bumming room with its pictures of the teams and alumni prominent in athletics has been carefully preserved. A large leather upholstered davenport stretched in front of the fireplace.The name carved table with its scrap book is just behind this davenport. The pictures, the shade of red in the draperies, the block S on the shades, are all reminders of the real Stanford spirit. Upon entering the large room with its [sic] heavily draped doorwaysthe general tone of this room is a warm taupe, set off by a bright piano cover of Oriental design, a richly covered piano shadeand bright coverings for the built-instands by the window seats. At each end of the room in front of the fireplaces are large Chesterfield davenports with taupe mohair finish. Attractive lamps spread an inviting glow over the Chesterfields from the tables behind. Four large armchairs of the same design [and] material serve to complete the effect of the room. The wall candle lights with their shades, and the clock on the mantle [sic] above the fireplace tend to give the room an air of dignity.

Changes were made to the house at

550 SAN JUAN STREET

various times. For instance, the shingles were painted several times. The brick facing on at least one fireplace was painted white, but today the two living room fireplaces, as well as ones in the dining room and library, appear to be the original clinker brick with wooden mantels. In 1936 Phi Psi took out a loan for renovations, hiring Leslie Nichols of Palo Alto as the architect; three new showers were installed on the second floor, the plumbing was repaired, and the walls of the first floor were redone in the original wax finish. At some date, a flagpole was added, extending above the front gambrel roof. After the end of World War II, each fraternity house was given some funds for refurbishing. Phi Psis renovation centered at that time on the first floor plus bathrooms, and changes needed to meet current fire regulations. The main stair was probably enclosed and sprinklers added about 1980. In 1961, the fraternity replaced rush with random selection of new initiates. That led the national Phi Kappa Psi board to suspend this chapter, though its charter was reinstated in January 1968. The chapter was apparently inactive from 1976 to 1978, reportedly because of a lack of interest, and during those two years it was part of the draw system for housing selection by undergraduates. In the spring of 1978, Phi Psi was again given permission to rush. (Where the campus once had 24 all-male fraternities, by 1976 there were only 15, two of which were coed; one was off campus.) In 1980 the university again officially recognized Phi Psi and it reoccupied Cooksey House, becoming

Phi Psi Coop, a coeducational residence. THE LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE The October 1989 earthquake caused extensive structural and cosmetic damage to the house. Pictures in the Stanford Planning Office document show its very sad condition after that event. Though the house remained plumb and completely atop its unreinforced brick masonry foundation, it was deemed unsafe. Two of the six chimneys had collapsed, and many parts of the structure suffered extensive damage. (After the earthquake, Phi Psi Coop residents were relocated to 553 Mayfield. In 2002, 592 Mayfield was awarded to Phi Psis California Beta chapter, and there they reside today.) University officials then proposed to raze Cooksey House. After strong representation by the Stanford Historical Society that the house was of historic significance and worth renovating, and a passionate protest by students, alumni, and local historic preservationists, university officers reversed the tentative decision to raze it and instead ordered a major reconstruction. There followed a lengthy process of analysis, financial planning, historical documentation, and engineering and architectural work. Eventually the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency provided nearly $350,000 to seismically strengthen and rehabilitate Cooksey House. The total project cost about $2.3 million including furnishings and an elevator, which was installed in the summer of 1995. This project was designed by Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates of Los Angeles. The

550 SAN JUAN STREET

contractor was Ralph Larsen & Son, Burlingame, and the Stanford project manager was Robert J. Myers. The goal of the project was to bring the building into compliance with Stanfords lifesafety criteria and to rehabilitate the building in a manner that honors its architectural style and historic significance to the campus. The project also aimed to provide finishes in the first-floor common living areas to maintain the original character of the house. Thus the original redwood paneling was removed, stripped, and placed back in its former location. With the hardwood floors and period ceiling light fixtures, it today retains the warm feel of the turn of the last century. Among many other changes, the external chimneyswhich were taken down to their baseswere rebuilt with rigid plywood forms,

and then resheathed with the original brick. Considerable changes made in the upper floors included fire-safety provisions required by Santa Clara County. When Cooksey House reopened in the fall of 1994, it was the new location of Synergy House, a vegetarian student coop. Much of the original house remains, including the brickframed white plaster friezes above the two clinker brick fireplaces in the living room and one in the dining room. The four friezes (one living room fireplace has two) were copies of Italian work ordered by the Cookseys; the originals still exist in Italy. In the 1980s, the large pocket doors were removed to make room for sprinkler pipes. Even modified to suit the needs of a student residence, the house is still most impressive both outside and in.

550 SAN JUAN STREET SOURCES

Historic Values Index Information Brief. SC 123, v.1, sheets 177185; v. 2, Compiled by Marlene Bumbera. sheet E3-22. Stanford Archives. Stanford Planning Office (September 1994). Synergy House [contemporary Briefs [note on building of history]. Synergy House archival Cookseys house]. Palo Alto Times (11 Hodges, Charles E. [architect]. files. May 1900), 8. Original house plans (23 May 1900). Stanford Maps and Records. U.S. Census of 1900. California Cooksey, Wayne [Cooksey family Enumeration District 40, sheet 5, genealogist]. Conversation with Phi Kappa PsiCalifornia Beta line 12. David Weber (ca. 2004). Stanford University [history online]. http://www.stanford.edu/ Vitt, Clark [housing archivist, Cooksey House Seismic Strengthening, Building 11-270 group/phi_kappa_psi/ (accessed 10 Student Housing Office]. E-mail correspondence with Marian Adams (Section 106 Review under National April 2006). (15 March 2006). Historic Preservation Act). Prepared by Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Stanford Daily (31 July 1946, 4; 6 Associates of Los Angeles (1993). November 1947, 2; 4 October 1976, What of the Fraternities? by L. O. Weaver Jr. The Stanford Illustrated Stanford Planning Office. 1; 12 February 1991, 1, 8. Synergy Review, 21 (April 1920), 346349 House archival files. (photo). Cooksey House. Supporting documents (29 September 1912). The Stanford Phi Psi, 5, no. 1 (21 Wilbur, Ray Lyman. The Memoirs of Stanford Board of Trustees Minutes November 1923). Ray Lyman Wilbur 18751940. (19031912). SC 27, Box 8, File 4. Stanford Archives. Stanford Quad [Cooksey House] (1907 Stanford University Press (1960), 110. Stanford Maps and Records. and 1908; latter has picture of Historical Survey [Cooksey House house). (Phi Psi)]. 11-270. University Architect/TLG. Stanford University Plant Services, Annual register. Stanford (190708).