PP Giulia

PP GIULIA
This report provides a detailed overview of the international and Italian economies from 2004
to 2022.
From 2004 to mid-2007, the world economy grew steadily. Advanced economies such as the
United States, the European Union and Japan experienced moderate but steady growth.
Emerging economies such as China, India, Brazil and many countries in Asia and Latin
America grew much faster.
Since 2004, the European Union, China and the United States have been the main global
players in international trade.
Many investors directed foreign direct investment (FDI) to emerging markets, as these
countries offered opportunities for rapid economic growth and access to many natural
resources.
From the second half of 2007 to 2009, the global economy was dominated by the global
financial crisis. This crisis began in the United States with the collapse of the housing market,
leading to bank failures, economic recession and rising unemployment.
The effects of the financial crisis began to be felt in 2008, and in 2009 changes in GDP
around the world were largely negative. The slowdown in economic activity and the fall in
global demand for goods and services led to a collapse in world trade.
As a result of the financial crisis and economic recession, foreign direct investment (FDI) fell
sharply, leading to a flight of capital to safer havens.
From 2009 to the first half of 2015, there was a period of post-crisis economic recovery. The
eurozone faced serious difficulties due to the sovereign debt crisis, which negatively affected
its GDP and overall GDP.
Many emerging economies such as China, India and Brazil used domestic demand and
investment to support their economic growth, contributing significantly to global GDP
growth.
After the financial crisis, starting in 2010, there was a gradual increase in international trade
and foreign direct investment (FDI), mainly towards emerging markets.
From 2015 to 2017, the international economy was affected by several factors, including
Brexit, which created significant political and economic uncertainty not only in the UK, but
also in Europe and beyond.
Emerging markets such as China, India, Russia and Brazil continued to be the main drivers of
global growth.
Uncertainty about the medium-term economic outlook and geopolitical tensions, which had a
significant impact on international relations and global stability, led to a sharp decline in FDI.
Between 2017 and 2019, the global economy showed signs of a slowdown due to a number of
factors, including oil price volatility, trade tensions between the US and China, Brexit, and
crises in Latin America and the Middle East.
The global economic slowdown had a direct impact on world trade, affecting exports and
imports between countries.
During these years, FDI increased, with significant differences between regions and sectors.
From 2020 to 2022, international economic development was strongly influenced by the
COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath, leading to a collapse in global GDP.
Economies began to adapt to the new conditions imposed by the pandemic, leading to
increased digitisation and online services.
Global trade was particularly affected, with trade volumes falling due to import and export
restrictions and reduced global demand.
In 2022, the European Union faced its most severe energy crisis in decades due to reduced gas
flows following Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
The resulting rise in energy prices and the negative impact of the pandemic further reduced
EU GDP growth.
Despite a significant drop in FDI in many parts of the world, sectors such as technology,
healthcare and renewable energy continued to attract FDI during the pandemic.
UNIONE EUROPEA
The European Union (EU) is one of the world's largest economies, with a GDP of around
EUR 16.6 trillion, and plays a central role in the global trading system.
The EU's economic openness has brought clear benefits, with more than 30 million jobs
dependent on foreign trade.
The EU has contributed to the development of the international trading system by promoting
trade liberalisation among its members and with third countries.
As a single player in the World Trade Organisation (WTO), represented by the European
Commission, the EU negotiates trade agreements and defends its interests.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected global trade, sparking discussions about reshoring
industries to Europe, while global supply chains are fragmented.
The European Parliament has gained a greater role in international trade, with the Lisbon
Treaty making it a co-legislator on trade and investment issues alongside the Council.
The EU has promoted a new generation of global trade agreements, focusing on sectors such
as services, investment, human rights and the environment.
With a vast network of trading partners, the EU has coordinated action to address the
challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and to manage foreign direct investment under
the Lisbon Treaty.

PP Giulia

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PP Giulia

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PP Giulia

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PP GIULIA

You might also like