DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE

Prepared by: Princess G. San Pedro

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
A. Unfold the method of protein formation using DNA information;
B. Illustrate the sequence of protein synthesis;
C. Identify the arrangement of amino acids; and
D. Discuss the relevance of consuming protein in a person's diet for boosting the
pace and persistence of protein synthesis.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
A. Topic: Protein Synthesis
B. References:
Science quarter 3 module 4-Protein synthesis
Starr C. & Taggart R. (2004) The Unity and Diversity of Life. (10th ed.)
Rabago, Joaquin, & Lagunzad (2008) Functional Biology.
(2nd ed.).
Amoeba Sisters. (2018, January) Protein Synthesis. [Video]
Youtube. https://youtu.be/oefAl2x2CQM
From DNA to Protein
Youtube :https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=GdF7BX58 H4I&list=PPSV
C. Materials: Laptop, Power Point Presentation on Protein Synthesis.

III. LESSON PROCEDURE

Teacher’s Activity Students Activity
Routine
Greetings !
Prayer
Classroom management
Checking of attendance

A. Motivation
I have here a video presentation , a famous
teleserye of ABS-CBN Batang Quiapo ,and I
want you to listen and observe the scene
carefully .

(The teacher will present the video)

Now what have you seen in the video ?

David takes a DNA test to prove if he is the son of
Ramon .
What do the doctors obtain from David in
order to determine his DNA ?
The doctors did a mouth swab to get David’s saliva for
 the DNA testing .
By collecting a saliva sample from david ,the
doctors can extract his DNA and determine his
genetic traits .

What are the other specimen that can be use

for DNA testing ,do you have any idea?
Hair and nails .

Our hair, skin, and nails are made up of

proteins. Another example is your eye color.
Your DNA has the genetic information that
codes for the color of your eyes. Your eye
color is based on a pigment that is inside the
eyes. But, in order that pigment, you have
genes, which are portions of DNA, that can
code for proteins which help make that
pigment.

B. Presentation
So, what we’re going to talk about is how
your DNA can lead to the making of a protein.
And this process is called?
Protein Synthesis
C.Lesson Proper
I have here a video presentation of the protein
synthesis, watch it
carefully and attentively because after
watching, I will be dividing the class into three
equal groups. (The students will watch the video.)

Now I will group you in three groups . And

you will have a brain squeezer activity . Each
group will have different activities .I give you
time to accomplish your activities . GROUP
1
“DNA vs RNA”

 Double stranded helix

 Single stranded
 Sugar deoxyribose,
phosphate and nucleotide
basis
 Sugar ribose, phosphate and
 nucleotide basis
 A, T, C, G
 A, U, C, G
 Stores genetic materials
 Functions in protein synthesis
transcribing and translating the
genetic
code
Comparison DNA RNA
STRUCTURE
COMPONENTS
FUNCTIONS

GROUP 2
“IM ON MY WAY TO SYNTHESIS”
TYPES OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)
1.
2.
3.

STAGES IN THE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

1.
2.
3.

GROUP 3
“Completeand Rememberme“

PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS

DNA and RNA are both molecules that store

Based on your activities , what is the and transmit genetic information, but they have
difference of DNA and RNA? different structures, functions, and properties. DNA
is a double-stranded helix, while RNA is a single-
strand helix. DNA uses adenine, guanine, and
cytosine as bases, whereas RNA uses uracil,
cytosine, and guanine. DNA is more stable,
resistant to UV damage, and involved in protein
synthesis. On the other hand, RNA codes for the
structure of proteins.

How about on the stages of protein synthesis , There are two stages in protein
can you share your learnings based on the synthesis .Transcription and translation are the two
presentation of group 2? main processes that convert a sequence of
nucleotides from DNA into a sequence of amino
acids to build the desired protein.

Well ,Both processes are essential for life and

are found in all organisms, both eukaryotic
and prokaryotic.

Now, lets dwelve deeper in our lesson , I have

here another video presentation showing the
process of DNA to protein , I want you to
listen and take down important details .

(The teachers plays the video presentation )

synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the
Based on the video , What happens to the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary
DNA during transcription? RNA code.

The RNA polymerase .

Which enzyme unzips the DNA?

Start codons AUG start the transcription stage .

What are the “start codons” for?

Once an mRNA has been protected and spliced ,it is
Why does the newly synthesized mRNA go ready to leave the nucleus and begin the second
out of the nucleus after transcription? phase of protein synthesis called translation .

It moves to a ribosome ,which consists of rRNA

What happens after the mRNA goes out of the and proteins .
nucleus?
The ribosomes reads the sequence of codons
in mRNA ,and molecules of tRNA bring
amino acids to the ribosome in the correct
sequence . The small and large subunits.

What are the two subunits of the ribosome?

The A site that accepts an tRNA bound to an amino
acid and P site that holds a tRNA that carries a
What are the two sites on the large subunit of growing polypeptide .
the ribosome?

The A site .

Which part of the ribosome accommodates by

tRNA? The anticodon .

What do you call the codes that are carried by

tRNA?

Translation is the process where proteins are It’s the amino acid .
synthesized from the codes in mRNA. Which
molecule is carried by tRNA & corresponds to
the codons in mRNA? Each mRNA codon comes into register ,and
specific binding with the corresponding charged
What happens as the ribosome moves along tRNA anticodon is ensured.
the mRNA?

Which covalent chemical bond connects the

Peptide bond .
adjacent amino acids to form a protein or
peptide?
When the ribosomes encounters a stop codon
( UAG , UAA or UGA)in the A site .
When is translation terminated?
A polypeptide amino acid chain ,which forms a
protein .
What is the product of translation phase?

That is how your DNA can lead to the making

of a protein.

To test if you really listen well in our

discussion , I prepared a short brain squeezer .
D. Generalization
I have here a simple brain squeezer for you to
basically remember how a protein synthesis
works since this process works at a molecular
level. Find the suitable definition of each
terminologies from column A to
column B to strengthen your grasp on the
basic concepts of protein synthesis.
 Column A Column B
Amino acids D
Proteins C
DNA E
mRNA A
Codons B

1.DNA CODING CCC TCA ATC GAG

STRAND AAA GGT
DNA TEMPLATE
STRAND
mRNA
PEPTIDE CHAIN

2.DNA CODING ATG GCC TGG ACT

STRAND TCA GGT
DNA TEMPLATE
STRAND
mRNA
PEPTIDE CHAIN

3.DNA CODING GGG TGA GCT TTC

STRAND CCG TTA
DNA TEMPLATE
STRAND
mRNA
PEPTIDE CHAIN

4..DNA CODING TAC ACC GTT ATC

STRAND GGG CTA
DNA TEMPLATE
STRAND
mRNA
PEPTIDE CHAIN

(The students answer the activity .)

It seems that you are all ready for sharing your

ideas on the importance of protein
consumption on a person diet for maximizing
the rate and duration of protein synthesis.

E. Application
Why is it necessary for us to eat a healthy
food? because it gives us enough strength and ability to
perform our individual activities and to do some
work as well.

How are you going to boost the amount of

essential amino acids and proteins in your
body? Choose a healthy diet and proper exercise. The more
we consume healthy foods rich in proteins and
minerals we boost up our body in consuming essential
 amino acids need by the muscles, and other organs in
the body.

In medical field, why is protein synthesis, like

the DNA in This situation is necessary in the field due to the fact
particular, be a way to determine a lost family that the sequence of a DNA of a lost family member
member? can be compared in a parent’s DNA. As they say, DNA
is the genetic information which every offspring of the
parents carries so it can detect whether the information
in the DNA of a lost family member matches to the
DNA information of a parent.
Exactly. The information in a DNA is being
examined through
paternity test.

I. EVALUATION

Directions: Read carefully each item and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answers in a ¼ sheet of paper.

1. Which molecule carries a copy of the genetic information out of the nucleus?
A. tRNA
B. rRNA
C. mRNA
D. Amino acid mRNA

2. What do you call the sequence of three bases in mRNA that corresponds to an amino acid?
A. Code
B. Codon
C. Anticodon
D. Amino Acid

3. What do you call the sequence of three bases in tRNA that corresponds to an amino acid?
A. Code
B. Codon
C. Anticodon
D. Amino acid

4. Where does transcription take place?

A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Golgi Bodies
D. Mitochondria

5. Which of the following is directly involved in translation phase of protein synthesis?

A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
 C. Cytoplasm
D. Mitochondria

6. Which of the following is carried by the transfer RNA?

A. DNA
B. Ribosome
C. Amino Acid
D. Nucleic Acid

7. Which of the following is NOT a part of protein synthesis?

A. Elongation
B. Replication
C. Translation
D. Transcription

8. In the RNA molecule, which nitrogen base is found in place of thymine?

A. Uracil
B. Guanine
C. Cytosine
D. Thymine

9. During the process of transcription, which of the following is produced?

A. ATP
B. H2O
C. DNA
D. mRNA

10. If the DNA template reads “ATA”, which of the following would be the
corresponding mRNA codon?
A. ATA
B. UAU
C. UCU
D. TAT

Part 2 Enumeration :
1. Three Types of RNA.
2. Two stages of protein synthesis
3. 2 Nucleotides for DNA
4. 2 Nucleotides for RNA
5. Start codons

PART 3. COMPLETE THE TABLE .

DNA CODING STRAND GGG TGA GCT TTC CCG TTA
DNA TEMPLATE STRAND CCC CGA AAG GGC
MRNA ACT UUG UUA
PEPTIDE CHAIN STOP
II. Assignment

Follow-up
A. Follow-up:
Direction: Give a brief response to the given question.
1. In what way(s) could you increase your proteins in the body aside from
above mentioned examples earlier?
2. Write the mRNA sequence of the following DNA “TAC, GCA, TAC, GAC, GCC”

Advanced:
Direction: Give a brief response to the following question.
1. What is protein mutation?
2. Explain how mutations may cause changes in the structure and function of
a protein. Reference: https://youtu.be/oefAl2x2CQM

Prepared by:

PRINCESS G. SAN PEDRO

Pre-service Teacher

Checked by:

NORA C. NARAG
Resource Teacher
 GROUP 1
“DNA vs RNA”
Objectives:
After accomplishing the task, the students should be able to:
A. Define DNA and RNA
B. Compare and contrast DNA from RNA
C. Cite roles of proteins in the body.
Materials:
1. Marker
2. Manila Paper
3. ¼ sheet of paper
4. Ruler
Procedures:
1. Accomplish the chart based on the video you have watched, follow the
chart template.
2. Brainstorm as a group.
3. Assign a leader to lead the group, a secretary to write your
names on a one-fourth sheet of paper and a presenter who will
present the output in front.
4. Prepare your answers in the provided format below.
5. You will only do this for 10 minutes.
6. The presenter will present the output for only 5-8 minutes.
7. Be guided with the criteria given.

Comparison DNA RNA

Structure
Components
Functions

 Double stranded helix

 Single stranded
 Sugar deoxyribose, phosphate and nucleotide basis
 Sugar ribose, phosphate and nucleotide basis
 A, T, C, G
 A, U, C, G
 Stores genetic materials
 Functions in protein synthesis transcribing and translating the
genetic Code

Guide Questions:
1. What is a DNA?
2. What is an RNA?
3. How does the protein work in the body?
4. What are the components of RNA and DNA and how do they differ with
one another?
 GROUP 2
“MY JOURNEY TO SYNTHESIS”

Objectives:
After accomplishing the task, the students should be able
to:
A. Identify the different types of ribonucleic acids and their functions;
B. Distinguish the two stages in the protein synthesis; and
C. Transcribe and translate the given DNA strand into DNA
template until a certain protein is synthesized.
Materials:
1. Marker
2. Manila Paper
3. Ruler
4. ¼ sheet of paper
Procedure:
1. Accomplish the chart based on the video you have watched, follow the
chart template.
2. Brainstorm as a group.
3. Assign a leader to lead the group, a secretary to write your
names on a one-fourth sheet of paper and a presenter who will
present the output in front.
4. Prepare your answers in the provided format below.
5. You will only do this for 10 minutes.
6. The presenter will present the output for only 5-8 minutes.
7. Be guided with the criteria given.

TYPES OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)

1.
2.
3.

STAGES IN THE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

4.
5.
6.

Guide Questions:
1. How does the translation process happen?
2. How many amino acids are there all in all?
3. How many essential amino acids are in the body? Where can
we get other amino acids that are not naturally synthesized
in the body?
4. What does tRNA do? Why they are not the ones being translated?
 GROUP 3
“Completeand Rememberme“
Objectives:
After accomplishing the task, the students should be able to:
A. Explain the concepts pertaining to protein synthesis .
B. Define amino acids; and
C. Relate the importance of amino acids as building blocks of proteins.
Materials:
1. Manila Paper
2. ¼ sheet of paper
3. Marker
4. Ruler
Procedures:
1. Explain the concepts pertaining to protein synthesis by doing this frayer model.
2. Write key terms and examples for each box .
3. For the diagram box ,you can draw a flowchart or concept map that will help
you remember the protein synthesis.

Formal definition here (copy from Importance (in your own words)
text)

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Analogy of protein synthesis to a Diagram to help you remember the
Process. stages and sub-stages

Guide Questions:
1. How important is protein synthesis in your body?
2. How are you going to boost the protein synthesis in your
body? How are you going to boost the amount of essential
amino acids and proteins in your body?
3. Why is it necessary to have a diet that sustains your body with
enough proteins?