Apple UX
Apple UX
Apple UX
A Senior Project
presented to
In Partial Fulfillment
Bachelor of Science
by
Chloe Richardson
December 2020
CHLOE RICHARDSON
DECEMBER 2020
In recent years, society has followed the development of user experience practices in
company and the consumer, memorable experiences associated with the brand, and the
design of products. The purpose of this study was to examine the best practices of user
experience for Apple Inc. The research for this study was conducted using a best practice
case study guide developed by the researcher that examined the user experience Apple
provides. The results of this study indicate there are numerous ways Apple creates user
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................ ii
Chapter 2 METHODS......................................................................................................... 9
Description of Organization............................................................................................ 9
Stores ............................................................................................................................ 12
Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 17
Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 21
Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 22
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 24
APPENDIXES .................................................................................................................. 28
iii
Chapter 1
Background of Study
Any organization, to stay competitive, must adhere to the consumers’ desires and
the user experience. During the last fifteen years, technology has developed, leaving a
need for the user experience to be altered as well. The development of technology has
created an entirely new industry, which is known as the technology industry. Worth over
$2 trillion, the technology industry is quickly growing and expanding to all parts of life
(Lee, 2015). User experience is now one of the most important factors when selling
products to consumers (Kaasinen et al., 2015). The experience created for users
comprises three different marketing strategies: stores, online shopping, and publicity
campaigns. These three types of experience are what motivates individuals to purchase
technology products. Technology companies work to create an experience that will sell
the product to the consumer. They do this by showcasing new software and products
regularly and in a unique way. The goal of user experience is to create a relationship
between consumer and product (Michalco et al., 2015). Steve Jobs created the iPhone, a
pioneer product, that became a generational trend and fashion statement. He created a
following by offering a user experience for every product. The way Jobs developed new
products completely altered the way consumers define the user experience. Jobs released
the iPod in 2001 saving Apple from bankruptcy (Lee, 2015). This mobile device had the
power to alter the user experience (Raptis et al., 2014). Through the release of new
products, individuals have developed a trust in certain brands and will remain loyal
1
customers forever. Further research will explain how technology companies design
products and publicity campaigns to connect with their consumers through experiences.
The purpose of this study was to examine the best practices of user experience for Apple
Inc.
Review of Literature
Research for this review of literature was conducted online at Robert E. Kennedy
Library through the California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo databases.
In addition to books, the following online databases were utilized: Academic Search
Premier, EBSCOhost, Elsevier Science Direct Journals Complete, and Google Scholar.
This review of literature includes the following subsections: user experience basics,
User experience, also referred to as user-centered design, has grown over the last
considered critical to the process of service and product design. This experience includes:
the initial marketing of the product, learning about the product, observation of the
product throughout the world, the encounter when purchasing the product, and the
adventure with the physical product. Companies have become aware that simply selling
state-of-the-art products or services will not retain their customer satisfaction (Baldwin et
al., 2006). Due to this new-found knowledge of customer satisfaction, the user experience
design and journey are thriving. Companies across the world are investing significant
amounts of money and people into creating user experiences as a strategy for market
2
There are numerous methodologies focused on the design of the user experience.
Participatory design, for example, “refers to the involvement of actual users in the
product design process” (Shin et al., 2017, p. 1219). If companies analyze the
participation of consumers with their products, they can develop a better understanding of
the emotions of their users. This idea can help companies further understand what their
users seek in a product and lead to a better connection with the customer.
but this disregarded the consumers’ desire to encounter an experience. The design of a
product has become more about usability than about the decoration, expressed Scott
systematic activity” that numerous companies use during the product development stages
(Alamäki, 2018, p. 670). Companies consist of a unique design team that all work
towards one goal: satisfy the user through an experience. The design ideas for a product
aim to create a user journey by connecting the consumers and the products.
Companies strive to create a user journey with a product that will benefit an
individual’s life forever. Blank (2007) believed that discovering users’ real problems and
needs is the most important factor for creating new products. Products and
advertisements should not only serve a technical problem, but rather “pay attention to the
cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social needs of users” (Alamäki, 2018, p. 670). The
secret to success for companies when creating a new product: hire a designer to research
customer wants, which will lead to the creation of a positive experience for the consumer.
This experience created for customers will keep them coming back, which is essentially
3
No single industry has exemplified user experience design quite like the
technology industry. For the longest time, communication among people was not
common if one was not face-to-face. Eventually, flip phones, pagers, and MP3 players
were found in purses or bags of many individuals. As these devices became more
popular, an industry emerged to further create convenient mobile devices, better known
as the technology industry. This industry started creating and integrating more devices to
this mobile device concept and further realized the importance of connection among
people. The technology industry satisfied the needs of consumers and began developing
The first smartphone was not user-friendly; it was very complicated for
consumers to navigate and use. In June of 2007, Apple Inc. resolved this dissatisfaction
by introducing the iPhone (Shin et al., 2017). This device started as a test for usability but
shortly after turned into one of the bestselling devices to this day. In 2017, there were 728
million iPhones in use worldwide (O’Dea, 2020). The iPhone remains a dominant
The technology industry has created a device that is not a “simple communication
tool” (Kim et al., 2012, p. 1). People all across the world use these devices to play games,
conduct business, and stay in contact with loved ones. Ji et al. (2006) state, “It is
phones” (p. 207). It is key for technology companies to conduct analyses on how users
interact with new technology. People form expectations about what the experience of use
for technology products will be like when purchasing a mobile device and this plays an
4
important role in user satisfaction (Michalco et al., 2015). Products that are user-friendly
with a product, they will continue to use them in their daily life. Zorfas et al. found the
following:
with their motivations and helps them fulfill deep, often unconscious, desires.
Important emotional motivators include desires to stand out from the crowd, have
confidence in the future, and enjoy a sense of well-being, to name just a few”
(para. 6).
and retain the most valuable customers” (Zorfas et al., para. 4). To gain a customer for
Michalco et al. (2015), when customers’ expectations are met with a product, they
correlate that brand with a positive experience. The sense of loyalty felt by consumers
implement into their business model to increase and impact purchase motivators for their
customers. The motivators are divided into three different types of purchase experiences:
stores, online, and publicity campaigns (Zorfas et al., 2015). These three types of
experience are what encourages consumers to purchase technology products every day
5
The retail store of a technology company has numerous benefits when it comes to
technology retail store says a lot about the company itself and while this is functional,
store needs to be located in a flourishing and fast-paced environment, usually in the hub
product and can even convince them to purchase the item. In-store workshops and a
customer service counter can help individuals with the technology products they already
understand that consumers want sales associates to be easy to find and products easy to
locate. If a staff member does not have the answer to a guest’s question, customers expect
that they collaborate with fellow workers to better serve the guest. The design of having
The second key motivator, online shopping, is important to those who do not wish
to visit a physical store to purchase a technology product. The navigation menu for a
should be a clear description of the technical features, the price, and similar available
products. A technology website has the power to take the customer on a journey adding
to the experience of purchasing a new product. The “option to purchase online and pick
up in-store” is more available now than ever (Zorfas et al., 2015, para. 29). This option
gives individuals the freedom to easily purchase their product online and then pick it up
at their earliest convenience thus growing the customer’s satisfaction. Individuals want an
6
easy-to-use website to purchase technology products whether they pick it up in-store or
the item is shipped to their home (Zorfas et al., 2015). This availability also encourages
Lastly, publicity campaigns grab the attention of customers and can lead to the
attention of viewers and can further the experience for the customer. Customers want to
understand the values of a company before purchasing from them. Research shows that
direct-marketing campaigns can lead to 210% higher response rates from consumers
(Zorfas et al., 2015). These aspects of publicity campaigns used by technology companies
create the first experience that a customer will encounter with a technology company.
The purpose of this study was to examine the best practices of user experience
Research Questions
1. What are the best practices of user experience for Apple Inc.?
3. What are the design elements that Apple Inc. uses when creating new products
and packaging?
7
5. How effective is Apple at accomplishing its goal of emotionally connecting
with consumers?
8
Chapter 2
METHODS
The purpose of this study was to examine the best practices of user experience for
Apple Inc. This chapter includes the following sections: description of organization,
Description of Organization
A case study was conducted on the best practices of user experience for Apple
Inc. Founded in Cupertino, CA in 1976, Apple, is now worth $2 trillion, and is one of the
largest job creators in the United States employing 80,000 individuals (Apple, 2020).
This number does not include the 1.5 million employed at supply factories and jobs
through the App Store environment. Apple employee roles include designers, scientists,
Apple Inc. spent over $50 billion with United States suppliers and manufacturers creating
technology products (Apple). This number, while astonishing, is just the beginning for
Apple’s motto “think different” describes how they “bring amazing people
together to make amazing things happen” (Apple, 2020, para. 1). Their customers are not
solely in the U.S. so Apple believes their employees should also be worldwide. Apple
employs a diverse and unique team to do extraordinary work. Apple believes that to
create products to serve everyone, they must believe in everyone. Working at Apple
allows individuals the freedom to create for all types of people. During the last five years,
9
Apple has made it a point to hire more women and minorities. Apple Inc. strives to
develop a diverse future with more opportunities for its employees and customers. Apple
Inc. is a carbon-neutral company and by 2030 all of its products will be as well. Apple
stores, offices, and data centers are powered by 100% renewable electricity. Millions of
people across the world are employed by Apple, an equal opportunity workplace (Apple).
Description of Instrument
The instrument utilized in this study was a best practice case study guide
developed by the researcher (see Appendix A). The guide was formatted to include three
columns titled “type of experience”, “description of experience”, and “details”. The “type
of experience” column includes the way technology companies create a user experience.
Within the “description of experience” column, the researcher was able to distinguish the
type of user experience efforts the brand used. The “details” column allowed the
researcher to further analyze the brand experience and include an in-depth description of
products. For the pilot study, the researcher analyzed the ways Google implements user
experience into its design of products. In the initial analysis, the user experience was
focused on in-person experiences, but the researcher realized that user experiences
include digital and marketing encounters as well. The researcher altered each experience
10
Description of Procedures
A case study was conducted on the best practices of Apple Inc. The instrument
utilized in this study was a best practice case study guide developed by the researcher.
During the two-week research phase, the researcher used the guide to analyze the best
The user experience best practices of Apple Inc. were analyzed by accessing the
Apple’s website regarding user experience for consumers. Also, third-party websites
including Give Good UX, Econsultancy, Forbes, Future Stores, 9 to 5 Mac, Entrepreneur,
Swedbrand Group, and In the Black were visited to further examine the user experiences
present for Apple. These websites allowed the researcher to gather evidence to include in
11
Chapter 3
The purpose of this study was to examine the best practices of user experience for
Apple Inc. A case study was conducted on the best practices of user experience for Apple
Inc. This chapter includes the following sections: stores, online shopping, and publicity
campaigns.
Stores
With over 500 locations across the world, Apple prides itself on consistency. All
stores are easy to navigate to and are in areas of a city that target the residents’ high
volume of technology use. If a consumer is away from home and their iPhone is
damaged, there will be a store located in the heart of the city to provide help on this
device. Apple stores are accessible across the world seven days a week.
With locations across the world, Apple maintain the same environment in all of
them. Stores are clean, lights are cheerful, and the building design is consistent
throughout all locations. Bags and credit card machines are hidden underneath the display
tables to further demonstrate the tidiness of Apple stores. The architecture of an Apple
store builds on the unique ideas of design and materials found in Apple products. The
stores are modern with straight lines, some stores possess indoor gardens, and there is a
glass feature throughout every store. Some stores are even found in cultural gems like the
12
Located in Apple stores, the Genius Bar is a technology support station providing
concierge-style support to customers. Some Apple stores have Genius Bars that are open
for 12 hours. If a customer enters a store with a technical problem, for example, not being
able to sync their music, staff members are available to help resolve the issue. Apple also
regularly offers in-store workshops to explain tips and tricks of using an Apple device.
Apple offers three types of in-store workshops: skills, labs, and walks. Skills classes
include a basic explanation of specific products, apps, and techniques. Lab workshops
offer a more advanced description of products and hands-on training. Lastly, walk
workshops are led by an Apple employee outside, showing users product techniques in
Apple associates are trained to walk customers through five distinct service steps:
The abundance of employees present in an Apple store help reduce wait times. When
being assisted at the Genius Bar, if an Apple employee is not sure of the correct answer,
they will ask a coworker. Employees will collaborate to find a solution for the customer.
Besides sales associates, Apple also employs greeters to welcome and register customers
The many demo units throughout the Apple store make it extremely easy to
explore new devices. The sales associates of Apple stores support this sampling strategy
13
as it helps the customer explore. Customers are able to touch and work with any product
in an Apple store.
Online Shopping
Online shopping has become extremely popular especially since the COVID-19
pandemic began. Employees and students required to work from home had to adjust to a
virtual lifestyle. For some, this was no issue but for others, the need for technology at
home became a necessity. Apple’s website is easy to navigate quickly and allows
When purchasing a product online, the user will first land on the homepage for
Apple Inc. The homepage displays the newest released item from Apple and a button to
watch the product release event. As individuals scroll down the page, images of the
newest technology product are displayed against a black background. There are few
words present that describe the latest features of the product. At the bottom of their
website, Apple includes social responsibility links that describe their support for many
social values.
that includes key features, the newest elements to the product, and the price with or
without a payment plan. There are numerous large images and videos present as one
scrolls down the page. There is a tab to compare models at the bottom of the page and a
blue” buy now” button remains at the top of the screen as the page is scrolled down.
From this navigation menu, Apple also offers in-store pickup or free shipping to the
customer’s house.
14
When a new product is developed and ready for release, Apple creates a virtual
event available on their website. This online video event created by Apple includes:
This event is available to anyone, anywhere in the world. On Apple’s website, you also
Publicity Campaigns
Apple has mastered the simplicity of marketing for its technology products. In an
Apple advertisement, there are few words and no details on where to purchase the
product. Their advertisements do not include any technical information instead they
include a photo of the new product with a tagline. Apple does not use its name in
Apple is very open about its diverse population of employees and how everyone works
together. The advertisements of Apple display their core values by incorporating people
from across the world who have different ethnicities, skills, and disabilities. Apple
Apple creates customer profiles for each of its main audience segments. These
profiles help Apple analyze the diversity of its users to create content. Apple does not use
15
technology industry terms, but rather direct words that the consumer will understand.
When serving an older generation, Apple does not force them to use a chat-based system.
Instead, Apple gives older generations a phone number to call for customer service
questions. From the analysis of customer profiles, Apple is aware of its consumers and
People across the world are bombarded with words every day. Apple has designed
its publicity campaigns to be image heavy. The Apple team understands that words do
not resonate emotionally with people which leads Apple to use fewer than ten words in
advertisements. Apple’s advertisements include a short tagline and a clear image of the
new product.
Apple houses its technology products in minimalist white boxes with a metallic
font. The packaging for Apple products is just as visually appealing as the device inside.
Every part of Apple’s packaging is designed to be simple and clutter-free. Apple employs
a designer whose sole responsibility is to test prototype boxes and ensure the packaging
of products is user-friendly.
16
Chapter 4
experience is a focal point that the company was founded on. Apple shows commitment
to its customers by creating unique and memorable experiences. This concluding chapter
Discussion
With competition high among brands in the technology industry, it can often be
difficult to stand out when creating memorable experiences. However, Apple recognizes
the value of experiences for its users, in all facets of its company. Apple’s use of best
clean display of products. The only items consumers will see when inside are the
technology products on display. Little clutter helps bring the customer into the experience
focused on the technology product. Apple stores are created to resemble town squares
presenting a community for all customers. Everyone is welcome and all individuals come
together to experience the unique design of Apple in the store (Apple, 2020). Apple’s
success comes directly from making sure every aspect of its store provides an overall
17
While Apple’s stores are a popular location to purchase products, Apple has a
user-friendly website that allows consumers to just as easily purchase products. Apple
has created a website that allows users to easily navigate between pages. This
practice used by Apple. Their website focuses on the journey one will have with a
product by displaying photos and important technical information persuading the searcher
The image heavy advertisements of Apple grab the attention of many consumers
and lead to a simplified decision-making process for customers. As Zorfas et al. (2015)
stated, direct-marketing campaigns can lead to 210% higher response rates from
consumers. Along with an image of the product, Apple has chosen to use less than 10
an effective best practice for the user experience. As the technology industry grows,
brands need to keep up with trends and continue using the best practices of user
experience. Apple should continue developing its in-store, online, and publicity campaign
consumer and the brand. The face of Apple, its employees, aid in connecting the user to
knowledgeable of technology products and pay attention to the emotional needs of their
consumers whether they are purchasing a new product or need help at the Genius Bar.
The Genius Bar and in-store workshops provide a sense of ease to consumers and ensure
18
connections transpire once the emotional needs of the consumer are understood. Apple’s
effectiveness in creating an emotional attachment with all customers is what makes them
experiences that customers will not see in every store. This would allow for an even
Apple effectively instills an emotional connection between the consumer and the
company by using simple and clear language in publicity campaigns. Apple develops
customer profiles to understand the use of language by consumers. These profiles help
media. This best practice to use words the customer will understand is what drives
Apple’s publicity campaigns as Apple wants consumers to feel connected with the brand.
Apple should explain and promote this idea of user-centered design further in its
publicity campaigns.
The core values and themes of Apple are publicly displayed to effectively evoke
campaigns all implement these core values to further show their commitment to a
sustainable and diverse company. As Zorfas et al. (2015) indicate that a connection with a
brand fulfills deep desires that lead to customer satisfaction and confidence in the future.
Apple successfully uses its core values and themes to emotionally connect with the
consumer. Their core values explain the inclusivity elements of the company and the
emotionally connected with this organization. To continue being a leading brand in the
19
technology industry, companies must emotionally connect with its users. Technology
between the brand and the consumer. Although Apple is recognized for creating an
emotional connection with its customers, the company should continue to explore
The design of Apple’s technology products has become an icon and even a
symbol of popular culture. The etched apple on top of a laptop or the minimalistic white
box with metallic font are examples of the details that Apple effectively designs for its
products. Apple’s design team is devoted to creating the highest quality products that
have a distinctive design appearance. Steve Jobs was a perfectionist and inventor who
Tractinsky (2011), the user experience is critical to product design. The initial encounter
with the product begins an experience for the consumer resulting in a purchase from
Apple. As an innovative company, Apple offers new products to the technology industry
that are not simply about the decoration but rather the usability. Apple is successful at
designing a product that leads consumers to have an experience while using the product.
Technology companies strive to offer nothing but the best to their customers. They must
ask for input from the customer when designing new products. Apple should display their
commitment to customers.
There are several limitations present in this study that may impact the results.
First, as an Apple customer that has always used Apple products, the researcher may have
20
bias but took steps to avoid this, documenting only what was observed on the website. An
additional limitation was that the majority of the research for this case study was
restricted to online resources, creating a gap of information. Lastly, the study only
analyzes three ways Apple develops their idea of user experience: stores, online, and
publicity campaigns. Despite these limitations, the study does provide insight into the
The results from this study provide evidence of the best practices of user
experience for Apple Inc. Experiences are created for customers in clean Apple stores, on
their user-friendly website, and with the use of image-heavy advertisements. The
emotional connection that users experience is developed by the caring employees, use of
language, and core values and themes that Apple displays. Lastly, the design of Apple’s
products creates an experience for consumers. With the technology industry constantly
evolving, the most successful companies will be those that create experiences for their
customers. The topics covered in this study provide an understanding of user experience
and creates a standard for all future research examinations on this topic. The technology
industry is continuously expanding, and user experiences should be explored regularly for
Conclusions
Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions are drawn:
experience.
21
2. Apple Inc. uses three best practices to develop the user experience: stores,
5. Apple Inc. effectively uses its stores, online shopping, and publicity
consumer.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusions of this study, the following recommendations are made:
1. The technology industry should continue creating an experience for its users,
22
6. Future research should explore what the user does not want to experience in
23
REFERENCES
24
REFERENCES
Baldwin, C., Hienerth, C., & Von Hippel, E. (2006). How user innovations become
Blank, S. (2007). The four steps to the epiphany: Successful strategies for products that
win. (p. 27). San Francisco: Quad Graphics. (3rd ed.). Google Books
Garrett, J. J. (2010). The elements of user experience: User-centered design for the web
and beyond. (pp. 3-16). New York: Pearson Education. (2nd ed.). Google Books.
Hassenzahl, M., & Tractinsky, N. (2011). User experience – A research agenda. Behavior
https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290500330331
Ji, Y. G., Park, J. H., Lee, C., & Yun, M. H. (2006). A usability checklist for the usability
https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327590ijhc2003_3
Kaasinen, E., Roto, V., Hakulinen, J., Heimonen, T., Jokinen, J. P. P., Karvonen, H.,
Keskinen, T., Koskinen, H., Lu, Y., Saariluoma, P., Tokkonen, H., & Turunen,
25
systems. Behaviour & Information Technology, 34(10), 976–991.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2015.1035335
Kim, K., Proctor, R., & Salvendy, G. (2012). The relation between usability and product
https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2011.596997
Lee, T. B. (2015, September 9). How Apple became the world's most valuable company.
Vox. http:www.vox.com/2014/11/17/18076360/apple
Michalco, J., Simonsen, J. G., & Hornbaek, K. (2015). An exploration of the relation
https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2015.1065696
http://www.statista.com/statistics/755625/iphones-in-use-in-us-china-and-rest-of-
the-world/
Raptis, D., Papachristos, E., Kjeldskov, J., Skov, M. B., & Avouris, N. (2014). Studying
1168–1179. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2013.848239
40. https://www.canadianbusiness.com/innovation/why-design-should-matter-to-
you/
Shin, Y., Im, C., Oh, H., & Kim, J. (2017). Design for experience innovation:
26
Information Technology, 36(12), 1218–1234.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2017.1368709
Zorfas, A., Magids, S., & Leemon, D. (2015). The new science of customer emotions.
emotions
27
APPENDIXES
28
Appendix A
Instrument
29